SESSION:2025-26
CLASS XII RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
1. Two monochromatic rays of light are incident normally on the face AB of an
isosceles right angled prism ABC. The refractive indices of the glass prism for the
two rays ‘1’ and ‘2’ are respectively 1.35 and 1.45. Trace the path of these rays
entering through the prism.
2. A ray PQ incident normally on the refracting face BA is refracted in the prism BAC
made of material of refractive index 1.5. Complete the path of ray through the
prism. From which face will the ray
3. (i) Define refractive index of a medium.
(ii) In the following ray diagram, calculate the speed of light in the liquid of
unknown refractive index.
4. Draw a ray diagram of a reflecting type telescope. State two advantages of this
telescope over a refracting telescope.
5. Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the normal adjustment
position. State two drawbacks of this type of telescope.
6. Draw a ray diagram of a compound microscope. Write the expression for its
magnifying power.
7. A ray of light passing through an equilateral triangular glass prism from air
undergoes minimum deviation when angle of incidence is 3/4th of the angle of
prism. Calculate the speed of light in the prism.
8. Define refractive index of a transparent medium. A ray of light passes through a
triangular prism. Plot a graph showing the variation of the angle of deviation
with the angle of incidence.
9. The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm. If
focal length of the lens is 12 cm, find the refractive index of the material of the
lens.
10. A converging lens has a focal length of 20 cm in air. It is made of a material of
refractive index 1.6. It is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3. Calculate its
new focal length.
11. Define power of a lens. Write its S.L units. Two thin convex lenses of focal lengths
f1 and f2 are placed in contact coaxially. Derive the expression for the effective
focal length of the combination.
12. Draw a ray diagram showing the path of a ray of light entering through a
triangular glass prism. Deduce the expression for the refractive index of glass
prism in terms of the angle of minimum deviation and angle of the prism
13. You are given three lenses of power 0.5 D, 4 D and 10 D to design a telescope.
(i) Which lenses should be used as objective and eyepiece? Justify your answer.
(ii) Why is the aperture of the objective preferred to be large?
14. Determine the 'effective focal length' of the combination of the two lenses
having focal lengths 30 cm and -20cm if they are placed 8.0 cm apart with
their principal axes coincident. Does the answer depend on which side of
the combination a beam of parallel light is incident? Is the notion of
effective focal length of this system useful at all?
15. An optical instrument uses eye-lens of power 20 D and the objective lens of
power 50 D. It has a tube length of 15 cm. Name the optical instrument and
calculate its magnifying power if it forms the final image at infinity.
16. (a) For a ray of light travelling from a denser medium of refractive index n1 to a
rarer medium of refractive index n2, find ic , the critical angle of incidence for the
media.
(b) Explain with the help of a diagram, how the above principle is used for
transmission of video signals using optical fibres.
17. A convex lens made up of glass of refractive index 1.5 is dipped, in turn,
(i) a medium of refractive index 1.6,
(ii) a medium of refractive index 1.3.
(a) Will it behave as a converging or a diverging lens in the two cases?
(b) How will its focal length change in the two media?