Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-25

2 Matrices

Topic 2.1 : ELEMENTARY TRANSFORMATION,

INVERSE OF A MATRIX BY ELEMENTARY OPERATIONS

ELEMENTARY OPERATION each element of the ith row by k, where k ¹ 0 is denoted by

(TRANSFORMATION) OF A MATRIX Ri ® kRj
There are six operations (transformations) on a matrix, three of The corresponding column operation of denoted by
which are due to rows and three due to columns, which are Ci ® kCj
known as elementary operations or transformations. 1 é 1 2 1ù
For example, applying C3 ® C3 , to B = ê ú we
(i) The interchange of any two rows or two columns. 2 ë -1 3 1û
Symbolically the interchange of ith and jth rows is denoted é 1ù
by Ri « R j and interchange of ith and jth column is ê 1 2 2ú
get êê 1ú
ú
denoted by Ci « C j -1 3
êë 2 úû
é1 2 3ù
ê ú (iii) The addition to the elements of any row or column, the
For example, applying R1 « R2 to A = ê –1 5 1 ú , corresponding elements of any other row or column
ê5 6 7 úû multiplied by any non zero number. Symbolically, the
ë
é –1 5 1ù addition to the elements of i th row, the corresponding
ê ú elements of jth row multiplied by k is denoted by
we get ê 1 2 3ú
Ri ® Ri + kRj
ê5 6 7 úû
ë The corresponding column operation is denoted by
(ii) The multiplication of the elements of any row or column Ci ® Ci + kCj. For example applying
by a non zero number. Symbolically, the multiplication of
 12th/II MHT-CET-26 Mathematics

In view of the above discussion, we conclude that if A is a matrix

é3 4ù é 3 4ù such that A–1 exists, then to find A–1 using elementary row
R3 ® R3 + 2R2 to C = êê -1 4 úú , we get ê -1 4 ú
ê ú
operations, write A = IA and apply a sequence of row operation
êë 2 -6 úû êë 0 -2 úû on A = IA till we get, I = BA. The matrix B will be the inverse of A.
Similarly, if we wish to find A–1 using column operations, then,
INVERSE OF A MATRIX write A = AI and apply a sequence of column operations on A =
AI till we get, I = AB.
Definition Remark : In case, after applying one or more elementary row
If A is a square matrix of order m and if there exists another (column) operations on A = IA (A = AI) if we obtain all zeros in
square matrix B of the same order such that AB = BA = I, where one or more rows of the matrix A on L.H.S. then A–1 does not
I is the identity matrix of order m, then B is called as the inverse exist.
of A and is denoted by A–1. In that case A is said to be invertible.
Example 1
Using the notation A–1 for B we get the above equation as AA–1
By using elementary operations, find the inverse of the matrix
= A–1A = I. Hence, using the same definition we can say that A
is also the inverse of B. é 1 2ù
A= ê ú
é 2 3ù é 2 -3 ù ë 2 - 1û
For example, if A = ê ú and B = ê ú then Sol. In order to use elementary row operations we may write
ë 1 2û ë -1 2 û
A = IA.
é 2 3 ù é 2 -3 ù é 1 0 ù
AB = ê úê ú=ê ú = I2 é 1 2ù é 1 0 ù é 1 2ù é 1 0 ù
ë 1 2û ë -1 2 û ë0 1û or ê
2 - 1ú = ê0 1ú A, then ê 0 -5ú = ê -2 1ú A
ë û ë û ë û ë û
é 2 -3ù é 2 3ù é 1 0 ù (applying R2 ® R2 – 2R1)
and BA = ê úê ú=ê ú = I2
ë -1 2 û ë 1 2 û ë0 1û é1 0ù
\ B = A–1 and A = B–1 é 1 2ù ê ú 1
or ê 0 1ú ê 2 -1 ú A (applying R2 ® – 5 R2)
=
ë û
Note: ëê 5 5 úû
1. A rectangular matrix does not possess inverse matrix.
2. A square matrix A has inverse if and only if |A| ¹ 0. é1 2ù
é 1 0ù ê 5 5ú
Uniqueness of Inverse of a Marix or ê 0 1ú = ê ú A (applying R1 ® R1 – 2R2)
ë û ê2 -1 ú
Theorem: Prove that if A is a square matrix and its inverse exists
then it is unique. ëê 5 5 ûú
Proof: Let, ‘A’ be a square matrix of order ‘m’ and let its inverse é1 2ù
exist. ê5 5ú
If possible let B and C be the two inverses of A. Thus A–1 = ê ú
Therefore, by definition of inverse AB = BA = I and AC = CA = I. ê 2 -1 ú
Now consider ëê 5 5 ûú
B = BI = B (AC) Alternatively, in order to use elementary column
\ B = (BA) C = IC operations, we write A = AI, i.e.,
\ B= C é 1 2ù é 1 0ù
Hence B = C i.e., the inverse is unique. ê 2 -1ú = A ê 0 1ú
ë û ë û
The inverse of a matrix (if it exists) can be obtained by using two Applying C2 ® C2 – 2C1 we get
methods.
é 1 0ù é 1 -2 ù
(i) Elementary row or column transformation ê 2 -5 ú = A ê 0
(ii) Adjoint method ë û ë 1úû

INVERSE OF A MATRIX BY ELEMENTARY 1

Now applying C2 ® - C2 , we have
OPERATIONS 5
é 2ù
Let X, A and B be matrices of, the same order such that é 1 0ù ê1 5ú
ê 2 1ú = A ê ú
X = AB. In order to apply a sequence of elementary row operations ë û ê 0 -1 ú
on the matrix equation X = AB. We will apply these row operations êë 5 úû
simultaneously on X and on the first matrix A of the product AB Finally, applying C1 ® C1 – 2C2, we obtain
on RHS.
é1 2ù é1 2ù
Similarly, in order to apply a sequence of elementary column
é 1 0ù ê 5 5ú –1
ê5 5ú
operations on the matrix equation X = AB, we will apply, these ê 0 1ú = ê 2 -1 ú Hence, A = ê 2 -1 ú
operations simultaneously on X and on the second matrix B of ë û ê ú ê ú
the product AB on RHS. ëê 5 5 ûú ëê 5 5 úû
Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-27

Topic 2.2 : DETERMINANTS, MINOR & CO-FACTOR OF AN ELEMENT OF

A DETERMINANT, ADJOINT AND INVERSE OF MATRIX

DETERMINANT three columns. The number of elements = 32 = 9. In general,

Every square matrix associats to an expression or a number which the number of elements in a determinant of order n is equal
is known as its determinant. If A = [aij] is a square matrix of order to n2.
n, then the determinant of A is denoted by det [A] or |A| and Ø The determinant is expanded along any one row or any
written as one column. The sign to be taken before the elements are
a11 a12 ¼ a1 j ¼ a1n + - +
a21 a22 ¼ a2 j ¼ a2 n - + -
. To expand, take first element of the row
M M + - +
¼ ¼
(or column) with sign and multiply it with the determinant
ai1 ai 2 aij ain
(of lower order) obtained by omitting the row and the
M M M M column of the element. For example, let us expand the above
an1 an 2 ¼ anj ¼ anm determinant along the elements of first row (R1).
In general a determinant is represented by the symbol ‘D’. a1 b1 c1
b2 c2 a 2 c2 a 2 b2
MINORS AND CO-FACTORS OF SQUARE D = a 2 b 2 c 2 = a1 - b1 + c1
b3 c 3 a 3 c3 a 3 b3
MATRIX a 3 b 3 c3
Minor = a 1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
Let A = [aij] be an n-rowed square matrix. Then the minor Mij of b c2
where, A1 = 2 = b 2 c 3 - b 3c 2 = cofactor of a1
aij is the determinant of the sub matrix obtained by leaving ith b 3 c3
row and jth column of A.
a2 c2
é1 2 4ù B1 = - = -(a 2 c 3 - a 3 c 2 ) = cofactor of b1
a3 c3
For example, if A = êê2 3 4úú then
a2 b2
êë1 2 1úû C1 = = a 2 b3 - a 3 b 2 = cofactor of c1
a3 b3
1 2
M 23 = minor of a 23 = = 2-2= 0 Putting values of A1, B1, C1
1 2
D = a 1 (b 2 c 3 - c 2 b 3 ) - b1 (a 2c 3 - a 3c 2 ) + c1 (a 2 b 3 - a 3b 2 )
1 4
M 32 = minor of a 32 = = 4 - 8 = -4 The determinant can be similarly expanded along the
2 4
elements of some other column (or row), and it can be seen
Cofactor that D = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1 = a2A2 + b2B2 + c2C2
Let A = [aij] be an n-rowed square matrix. Then the cofactor Aij
= a3A3 + b3B3 + c3C3
of a ij is equal to (–1)i + j times the minor Mij of a ij, i.e.
= a1A1 + a2A2 + a3A3 = b1B1 + b2B2 + b3B3
Aij = (-1)i + j M ij . = c1C1 + c2C2 + c3C3
Thus there are six ways for expanding a determinant of
VALUE OF A DETERMINANT
order 3.
Ø A determinant is a particular type of expression written in
a special concise form of rows and columns, equal in ADJOINT OF A SQUARE MATRIX
a1 b1 Let A = [aij] be square matrix of order n × n, and Aij be the cofactor
number. For example D = is a determinant having
a 2 b2 of aij in A. Then the transpose of the matrix of cofactors of elements
in A is called the adjoint of A and is denoted by adj A.
2 rows and 2 columns, hence it is of second order. The
numbers a 1, b1, a 2, b2 are called the elements of the Thus, adj A = [Aij ]T
determinant. The value of the above determinant is D \ (adj A)ij = A ji = cofactor of aji in A.
a1 b1 Properties of the Adjoint of a Matrix
= = a1b2 – a2b1. Similarly, a determinant of third
a2 b2 (i) If A is a square matrix of order n, then
a1 b1 c1 A (adj A) = | A | In = (adj A)A
order is written as D = a 2 b2 c 2 . It has three rows and where In is a square matrix of order n.
a3 b3 c3 Also | adj A | = | A |n–1
 12th/II MHT-CET-28 Mathematics

(ii) If A is a square matrix of order n, then Example 2

adj (AT) = (adj A)T.
é a 0 0ù
(iii) If A and B are two square matrices of the same order, then ê ú
If A = ê 0 a 0ú then the value of |adj A| is
adj (AB) = (adj B) (adj A)
êë 0 0 a úû
(iv) adj (adj A) = |A|n–2 A, where A is a non-singular matrix. 27
(a) a (b) a9 (c) a 6 (d) a 2
( n -1) 2
(v) |adj (adj A)| = | A | , where A is a non-singular matrix. éa 2 0 0 ù
(vi) Adjoint of a diagonal matrix is a diagonal matrix. ê ú
Sol. Cofactor matrix = ê 0 a 2 0 ú
INVERSE OF A MATRIX ê 0 0 a2ú
ëê ûú
Let A be a square matrix of order n. Then a matrix B is called
inverse of A if AB = In = BA éa 2 0 0ù
ê 2 ú
The inverse of A is denoted by A–1. \ adj A = (cofactor Matrix)T = ê0 a 0ú
Theorem ê0 0 a 2 úú
êë û
A square matrix A is invertible if and only if it is non-singular.
a2 0 0
Proof : Let A be a square matrix of order n. Let A be an invertible 2
\ |adj A| = 0 a 0 = a6. Answer (c)
matrix. then there exists a matrix B such that
0 0 a2
AB = I n = BA Þ| AB | = | I n |
Alternate Method
Þ | A | | B |= 1 Þ | A | ¹ 0 éa 0 0ù
Þ A is a non-singular matrix. A = ê 0 a 0 ú Þ | A | = a3
ê 0 0 aú
ë û
Conversely, let A be an n × n non-singular matrix. Then A(adj A)
We know that for a matrix of order ‘n’
= | A | In = (adj A) A
| adj. A | = | A |n–1 = (a3)2 = a6
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö Example 3
\ Açç adj A ÷÷ = I n = çç adj A ÷÷A
è |A | ø è |A | ø é 1 2 3ù
ê ú
-1 1 Inverse of ê 2 3 4ú is
\ A is invertible such that A = adj A .
|A | ëê 3 4 6ûú
é -2 0 1ù é2 0 -1ù
Important Points: (a) ê 3 -2úú (b) ê 0 -3 2 ú
1. Inverse of a square matrix, if it exists, is unique. ê0 ê ú
2. If A, B are two invertible matrices of the same order, then ëê 1 -2 1 ûú ëê -1 2 -1úû
é 1 2 3ù
AB is invertible and (AB) -1 = B -1A -1 ê 2 3 4ú
(c) ê ú (d) None of these
3. Let A, B, C be invertible matrices of the same order, then
êë 3 4 6úû
ABC is invertible and (ABC) -1 = C -1B-1A -1
é 1 2 3ù
4. If A is a n-rowed non-singular matrix, then ê ú
Sol. Let A = ê2 3 4ú
(A T ) -1 = (A -1 ) T êë3 4 6úû
5. The inverse of the inverse is the original matrix itself, i.e. T
é2 0 - 1ù é2 0 - 1ù
(A–1)–1 = A. ê 0 -3 2 ú ê ú
Then, adj A = ê ú = ê 0 -3 2 ú
6. Let A, B, C be square matrices of the same order n. If A is êë- 1 2 - 1úû êë- 1 2 - 1úû
a non-singular matrix, then
(a) AB = AC Þ B = C (Left cancellation law) 1 2 3
(b) BA = CA Þ B = C (Right cancellation law) Also, |A| = 2 3 4 = 1 (2) – 2 (0) + 3 (–1) = –1
Note that these cancellation laws hold only if the matrix A 3 4 6
is non-singular.
é- 2 0 1 ù
7. If A is a non-singular matrix such that A is symmetric then adj A ê ú
A–1 is also symmetric. \ A–1 = = ê0 3 - 2ú . Answer (a)
|A|
8. If A is a non-singular matrix, then |A–1| = |A|–1. êë 1 - 2 1 úû
Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-29

Topic 2.3 : SOLUTION OF SYSTEM BY INVERSION AND

REDUCTION METHOD

SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR Note that x = y = z = 0 always satisfy the equations.

EQUATIONS USING INVERSION METHOD Hence, the system is always consistent. The solution x = y
= z = 0 is called the trivial solution.
1 . System of Equations with Two and Now let us find whether the system has non-trivial solutions.
Three Variables
Consider the two simultaneous equations in two variables Suppose A is non-singular. Then A -1 exists and we get
x and y A -1 (AX) = 0 Þ X = 0
a 1x + b1y = c1; a 2 x + b 2 y = c 2
Hence, if | A |¹ 0 i.e. A is non-singular, the system has only
These can be written in matrix form as
trivial solution. Thus in order that the system AX = 0 has
æ a1 b1 öæ x ö æ c1 ö non-trivial solution, it is necessary that |A| = 0.
çç ÷÷çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷ or AX = B
è a 2 b 2 øè y ø è c 2 ø A system of n homogeneous linear equations in n unknown
where A is a 2 × 2 matrix, and X and B are 2 × 1 column has non-trivial solutions if and only if the coefficient matrix
matrices. is singular.
Similarly the three simultaneous equations, Criterion of consistency regarding solution of
a1x + b1y + c1z = d1; a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 z = d 2 and homogeneous linear equations given by AX = 0, where A is
a square matrix, is as following
a 3 x + b 3 y + c3z = d 3
(i) If | A |¹ 0 , then the system has only trivial solution.
can be written in the matrix form as
(ii) If | A | = 0, the system has infinitely many solutions.
æ a1 b1 c1 ö æ xö æ d1 ö Note that if | A | = 0, then (adj A) B = 0 as B = 0.
ça b 2 c 2 ÷ ç y ÷ = ç d 2 ÷ Þ AX = B,
ç 2 ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ Example 4
è a 3 b3 c3 ø è z ø çè d 3 ÷ø
where A is a 3 × 3 matrix, and X and B are (3 × 1) column If x + y + z = 6, x - y + z = 2, 2x + y - z = 1 then x, y, z are
matrices. respectively
If now A is non-singular, i.e., |A| ¹ 0 , then we can left- (a) 3, 2, 1 (b) 1, 2, 3
multiply both members of this equation by A–1 to obtain (c) 2, 1, 3 (d) None of these
A -1AX = A -1B Þ IX = A -1B Þ X = A -1B é1 1 1 ù é x ù é6 ù é1 1 1 ù
ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú
(i) If |A| ¹ 0 , the system is consistent and has a unique 1 -1 1 ú ê y ú = ê2ú or AX = B A = ê1 - 1 1 ú
Sol. ê
solution. êë2 1 - 1úû êëz úû êë1 úû êë2 1 - 1úû
(ii) If |A| = 0, the system of equations has either no solution or
an infinite number of solutions. 1 1 1 1 1 1
(iii) Find (adj A) B. Þ | A |= D = 1 - 1 1 = 0 - 2 0 = 6 ¹ 0
(a) If (adj A) B ¹ 0 , the system has no solution and is, 2 1 -1 0 - 1 - 3
therefore, inconsistent.
(b) If (adj A) B = 0, the system is consistent and has infinitely Therefore, the system is consistent and X = A–1B
many solutions. In this case we say that the equations
are dependent equations. é1 1 1 ù
Now, A = ê1 - 1 1 ú
2 . System of Homogeneous Linear Equations ê ú
A linear equation is said to be homogeneous if the constant êë2 1 - 1úû
term is zero. The equations
Cofactors of various entries in order are 0, 3, 3, 2, –3, 1, 2, 0, –2
a1x + b1y + c1z = 0 ; a 2 x + b2 y + c2z = 0
é0 3 3ù
a 3 x + b 3 y + c3 z = 0 ê ú
\ Cofactor Matrix is C = ê2 - 3 1 ú
constitute a system of homogeneous linear equations.
êë2 0 - 2úû
é a1 b1 c1 ù éxù
ê ú ê ú é0 2 2ù
a b2 c2 ú y
If A = ê 2 and X = ê ú , then the system of êT ú
êë a 3 b 3 c 3 úû êëz úû \ adj A = C = ê3 - 3 0 ú
equations can be written as AX = 0. êë3 1 - 2úû
 12th/II MHT-CET-30 Mathematics

é0 2 2ù Then we perform the suitable row transformations on the matrix A.

-1 1 1ê ú Using the row transformations on A reduce it to an upper
\A = (Adj A) = ê3 - 3 0 ú
|A| 6 triangular matrix or lower triangular matrix or diagonal matrix.
êë3 1 - 2úû The same row transformations are performed simultaneously on
é 1 1 ù matrix B.
ê0 3 3 ú After this step, we rewrite the equation in the form of system of
ê1 1 ú linear equations. Now they are in such a form that they can be
=ê - 0 ú
ê2 2 ú easily solved by elimination method. Thus, the required solution
ê1 1 1ú is obtained.
ê 2 6 - 3ú
ë û Example 6
é 1 1 ù Solve system of linear equations using the method of reduction
ê0 3 3 ú é6ù
éxù ê ú 2x + 3y + 3z = 5, x – 2y + z = – 4, 3x – y – 2z = 3
1 1
\ êê y úú = ê - 0 ú êê2úú Sol. Matrix equation is
ê2 2 ú
êëz úû ê 1 1 1 ú êë1 úû é2 3 3 ù é x ù é 5 ù
ê 2 6 - 3ú ê úê ú ê ú
ë û ê 1 -2 1 ú ê y ú = ê - 4 ú
é 2 1ù êë 3 -1 -2úû êë z úû êë 3 úû
ê6.0 + 3 + 3 ú Using R1 « R2
éxù ê
6 ú é1 ù
ê
Þ êyú = ú ê - 1 + 0 ú = êê2úú é 1 -2 1 ù é x ù é - 4 ù
ê 2 ú ê úê ú ê ú
êëz úû ê 6 1 1 ú êë3 úû ê2 3 3 ú ê yú = ê 5 ú
ê 2+3-3 ú êë 3 -1 -2úû êë z úû êë 3 úû
ë û
Using R2 ® R2 – 2R1 and R3 ® R3 – 3R1
\ x = 1, y = 2, z = 3
é1 -2 1 ù é x ù é -4 ù
Alternatively : Using Cramer's Rule ê úê ú ê ú
We have D = 6 ê 0 7 1 ú ê y ú = ê13 ú
êë 0 5 -5úû êë z úû êë15 úû
6 1 1 1 6 1
5
Dx = 2 -1 1 = 6, D y = 1 2 1 = 12 Using R3 ® R3 - R2
7
1 1 -1 2 1 -1 é 1 -2 1 ù é x ù é -4 ù
ê úê ú ê ú
1 1 6 ê0 7 1 ú ê y ú = ê 13 ú
D z = 1 - 1 2 = 18 ê 40 ú êë z úû ê 40 ú
ê0 0 - ú ê ú
2 1 1 ë 7û ë7 û
7
D Dy D Using R3 ® - R
\ x = x = 1, y = = 2, z = z = 3 Answer (b) 40 3
D D D
Example 5 é1 -2 1ù é x ù é -4 ù
ê 0 7 1ú ê y ú = ê13 ú
The system of linear equations x + y + z = 2, 2x + y – z = 3, ê úê ú ê ú
3x + 2y + kz = 4 has a unique solution if êë 0 0 1úû êë z úû êë -1 úû
(a) k ¹ 0 (b) –1 < k < 1 \ x – 2y + z = – 4
(c) –2 < k < 2 (d) k = 0 7y + z = 13
Sol. The given system of equations has a unique solution if z = – 1, y = 2 and x = 1.

1 1 1 CONDITIONS FOR CONSISTENCY AND

INCONSISTENCY
2 1 -1 ¹ 0 Þ k ¹ 0 Answer (a)
Case 1: (Consistent)
3 2 k
(i) If a31 = a32 = 0 and a33 ¹ 0 then unique solution.
METHOD OF REDUCTION (ii) If a31 = a32 = a33 = b3 = 0 then infinitely many solution.
From the name of the method, it can be guessed that, the given Case 2 : (Inconsistent)
equations are reduced to a certain form to get the solution. If a31 = a32 = a33 = 0 but b3 ¹ 0 then no solution.
Here also, we start by converting the given linear equation into
matrix equation AX = B.
Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-31

Which among the following will be the new matrix?

é 24 31 7ù é 24 31 7 ù
ê12 3 7ú ê12 3 -7ú
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
êë 3 9 5úû êë 3 9 5 úû
1. How many elementary operations are possible on
matrices? é 24 31 7ù é 4 5 2ù
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 5 ê 6 7 1ú ê 6 7 1ú
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú
2. The following operation is applied on a matrix
ëê 3 9 5úû ëê 3 9 5ûú
é 2 3ù 7. The new matrix after applying the elementary operation
A= ê ú R ® R1 + R2
ë 6 4û 1 é2 5 4ù
Which of the following will be the resulting new matrix? R2 ® 2 R2 + 3R1 on the matrix A = ê5 2 6ú is
ê ú
é8 7 ù é8 7 ù êë7 2 1 úû
(a) ê 6 -4 ú (b) ê 6 4ú
ë û ë û é2 5 4ù é2 5 4ù
ê16 19 24ú ê19 19 24 ú
é8 7 ù é8 7 ù (a) ê ú (b) ê ú
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú êë 7 2 1 úû êë 7 2 1 úû
ë 6 5û ë 6 2û
3. Which of the following matrices will remain same if the
é 2 -5 4 ù é1 5 4ù
elementary operation R1 ® 2R1 + 3R2 is applied on the ê16 19 24 ú ê16 19 24ú
matrix? (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
é0 0 0ù êë 7 2 1 úû êë 7 2 1 úû
é1 2 3 ù
(a) ê3 4 1ú (b) ê0 0 0ú 8. Which among the following is the new matrix after applying
ê ú
ë û êë0 0 0úû the elementary operation C1 ® 4C1 on the matrix

é0 1 0ù é1 0 ù é5 8ù
(c) ê ú (d) ê1 2 ú A = ê -1 2 ú ?
ê1 0 1 ú ê ú ê ú
êë0 1 0úû ëê1 0 ûú êë 3 -4úû
4. Which of the following is not a valid elementary operation?
é5 8ù é 20 8 ù
(a) Ri « R j (b) Ri ® R j + kRi ê -1 2 ú ê -4 2 ú
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
(c) Ri ® kRi (d) Ri ® 1 + kRi êë 3 -4úû êë12 -4úû
5. Which of the following elementary operations has been
é 8 5ù é 20 8 ù é 20 8 ù
applied to the matrix A = ê ú such that the new matrix ê4 2ú ê -4 2ú
ë 2 8û (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
êë12 -4úû êë12 4úû
é12 21ù
is ê 2 8 ú ? 9. The following column matrix operations are applied on a
ë û
é -7 2 6 ù
(a) R1 ® R1 - 2 R2 (b) R1 ® 2 R1 + R2 ê -2 3 -5 ú
column matrix A =
(c) R1 ® R2 + R1 (d) R1 ® R1 + 2 R2 ê ú
êë 2 1 3 úû
6. The following elementary operations are applied to the
C2 ® 2C1 + C2 ; C3 ® 3C1 + 2C3
é4 5 2ù
Which among the following will be the new matrix?
matrix A = êê6 7 1 úú
êë3 9 5úû
R1 ® 2 R1 + 3R2 ; R2 ® 3R2 - 2 R3
 12th/II MHT-CET-32 Mathematics

é -7 -12 6 ù é -7 -12 6 ù écos a sin a ù é cos a sin a ù

ê2 (a) ê (b) ê ú
-1 -5ú ê -2 -1 -5ú ú
ë sin a cos a û ë – sin a cos a û
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ëê 2 -5 3 úû ëê 2 5 3 úû é – cos a sin a ù é – cos a sin a ù
(c) ê ú (d) ê sin a
ë sin a cos a û ë – cos a úû
é -7 2 6 ù é -7 -12 -9 ù
ê -2 3 -5ú ê -2 -1 -16ú
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú é3 2ù
17. If A = ê ú then A(adj A) is equal to
ëê 2 1 3 úû ëê 2 5 12 ûú ë1 4 û
10. Which of the following column operation is incorrect for é 10 0 ù é 0 10 ù
(a) ê ú (b) ê 10 0 ú
é 1 2 5ù
the matrix A = ê ú? ë 0 10 û ë û
ë 6 3 8û é 10 10 ù é 0 0 ù
(a) C1 ® 3C1 (b) C2 ® C1 + C2 (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
ë 0 0 û ë 10 10 û
(c) C2 ® 2 + 2C2 (d) C2 ® 2C1 + 2C2 - C3 18. If A is a square matrix of order n, then adj (adj A) is equal to
11. Which of the following matrices can NOT be obtained (a) | A |n-1 A (b) | A | n A
é -1 2 ù
from the matrix ê ú by a single elementary row (c) | A | n-2 A (d) None of these
ë 1 -1û
operation? 19. If A is a square matrix of order 3, then Adj.A =
é0 1ù é 1 -1ù –1 3 2
(a) ê (b) ê (a) A (b) A (c) A (d) A
ë1 -1úû ë -1 2 û
ú

é -1 é1 ù
2ù é -1 2ù êa 0 0ú
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú é a 0 0ù
ë -2 7û ë -1 3û ê ú
20. Statement-1 : If A = êê 0 b 0úú then A -1 = ê 0
1
0ú
é1 2 ù ê b ú
12. After applying R2 ® R2 – 2R1 to C = ê ú , we get êë 0 0 c úû ê 1ú
ë 2 -1û 0 ê
ë
0
c úû
é1 2 ù é1 2 ù
(a) ê 2 -5ú (b) ê 0 -5ú Statement-2 : The inverse of a diagonal matrix is a diagonal
ë û ë û matrix.
é1 4 ù é 2 -1ù (a) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(c) ê 2 -3ú (d) ê1 2 ú
ë û ë û (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
13. If A2 – A + I = O, then then inverse of A is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(a) I – A (b) A – I (c) A (d) A + I (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
é 1 –1 1 ù é4 2 2ù (d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
14. Let A = ê 2 1 –3ú and 10 B = ê –5 0 a ú . If B is the
ê1 1 1ú ê 1 –2 3 ú é1 4 2ù
ë û ë û
ê ú
21. Statement-1 : The inverse of the matrix ê 2 - 2 4 ú
inverse of matrix A, then a is êë - 3 7 - 6úû
(a) –2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 5
does not exist.
é2 x 0ù A–1 = é 1 0 ù , then x equals
15. If A = ê x x ûú and
ë ëê –1 2 úû é1 4 2ù
ê ú
1 1 Statement-2 : The matrix ê 2 - 1 4 ú is singular.
(a) 2 (b) – (c) 1 (d) êë- 3 7 - 6 úû
2 2
(a) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
écos a – sin aù
16. The inverse of the matrix ê ú is (d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
ë sin a cos a û
Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-33

cos15° sin15° 30. Let S = { n :1 £ n £ 50 and n is odd}

22. =
sin 75° cos 75°
é 1 0 aù
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 7
Let a Î S and A = ê -1 1 0 ú
23. If ci j is the cofactor of the element ai j of the determinant ê ú
êë -a 0 1 úû
2 -3 5
6 0 4 , then write the value of a 32.c32 If å det(adjA) = 100l , then l is equal to
a ÎS
1 5 -7
(a) 218 (b) 221 (c) 663 (d) 1717
(a) 110 (b) 22 31. Let A be a 3 × 3 invertible matrix. If |adj (24A)|
(c) – 110 (d) – 22 = adj |(3 adj (2A))|, then | A |2 is equal to:
24. The minor of the element a11 in the determinant (a) 66 (b) 212 (c) 26 (d) 1
2 6 9 32. Let A and B be two 3 × 3 matrices such that AB = I and
1 7 8 is 1
A= then |adj(B adj (2A))|is equal to
1 4 5 8
(a) 16 (b) 32 (c) 64 (d) 128
(a) 0 (b) 3
(c) 5 (d) 7 é3 5ù é1 17 ù
33. If A = ê ú and B = ê0 -10 ú , then | AB | is equal to :
æ 2 -1ö ë 2 0 û ë û
25. Let A = ç . If B = I – 5C1 (adj A) + 5C2 (adjA)2 – ...
è 0 2 ÷ø (a) 80 (b) 100 (c) – 110 (d) 92
– 5C5 (adj A)5, then the sum of all elements of the matrix B é1 0 ù
is: 34. If A = ê1 1 ú , then value of A–n is
ë û
(a) – 5 (b) – 6 (c) – 7 (d) – 8
é -1 0 ù é 0 -1ù
26. Let A be a matrix of order 3 × 3 and det (A) = 2. Then (a) ê n 1ú (b) ê2 n ú
det (det (A) adj (5 adj (A3))) is equal to ë û ë û
(a) 512 × 106 (b) 256 × 106 é 1 0ù
(c) 1024 × 106 (d) 256 × 1011 (c) ê - n 1ú (d) None of these
ë û
27. If B is a non-singular matrix and A is a square matrix, then
det (B–1 AB) is equal to é1 0 3ù
(a) det (A–1) (b) det (B–1) 35. If A = êê 2 1 1 úú , then the value of | adj (adj A) | is
(c) det (A) (d) det (B)
êë 0 0 2úû
é a 0 0ù (a) 14 (b) 16 (c) 15 (d) 12
ê ú
28. If A = ê0 a 0ú , then the value of |adj A| is
é1 3 l + 2ù
êë0 0 a úû If the matrix ê2 4 ú
36.
ê 8 ú is singular, then l =
(a) a27 (b) a9 (c) a6 (d) a2 êë3 5 10 úû
é x 3 2ù (a) –2 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) – 4
29. Matrix A = êê 1 y 4úú , if x y z = 60 é cos a - sin a 0ù
êë 2 2 z úû ê ú
37. If M (a) = ê sin a cos a 0ú ;
and 8x + 4y + 3z = 20, then A (adj A) is equal to ëê 0 0 1 úû

é64 0 0 ù é88 0 0 ù é cos b 0 sin b ù

ê 0 64 0 ú ê 0 88 0 ú
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú M (b) = ê 0 1 0 ú,
ê ú
êë 0 0 64úû êë 0 0 88úû êë - sin b 0 cos b úû
then value of [M(a) M (b)]–1 is
é68 0 0 ù é34 0 0 ù
(c) ê 0 68 0 ú (d) ê 0 34 0 ú (a) M ( b ) .M ( a ) (b) M ( -a ) .M ( b )
ê ú ê ú
êë 0 0 68úû êë 0 0 34úû M ( -b ) M ( a ) M ( -b ) M ( -a )
(c) (d)
 12th/II MHT-CET-34 Mathematics

é0 1ù
é 0 -1 2 ù é1 -1 0ù é 2 2 -4ù
38. If A = ê 2 -2 0 ú , B = êê1 0 ú and M = AB, then the
ë û ú 44. If A = ê 2 3 4ú and B = êê -4 2 -4úú , then :
ê ú
êë1 1 úû
êë 0 1 2úû êë 2 -1 5 úû
value of M–1 is
é 2 -1 ù é1 -1 ù (a) A–1 = B (b) A–1 = 6B
ê3 3 ú ê3 3ú
(a) ê 1 4 ú (b) ê ú 1
ê ú ê1 1ú (c) B–1 = B (d) B–1 = A
ëê 3 5 ûú êë 3 6 úû 6
é -1 ù
ê2 é 3 1ù
3ú 45. For A = ê –1
ú , then 14 A is given by :
(c) ê ú (d) None of these ë -1 2û
ê2 0ú
êë 3 úû
é 2 -1ù é 4 -2 ù
a + ib c + id (a) 14 ê1 3 ú (b) ê2 6 ú
39. = ë û ë û
-c + id a - ib
é 2 -1ù é -3 -1ù
(a) (a + b)2 (b) (a + b + c + d)2 (c) 2ê ú (d) 2ê ú
(c) (a2 + b2 – c2 – d2) (d) a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 ë1 -3û ë 1 -2 û

é 4 ,5 ,2ù éa b ù
ê ú 46. If A = ê g aú, then Adj. A is equal to :
40. If A = ê 5 ,4 2 ú , then adj. (A) equals: ë û
ê2 2 8 úúû
êë
é d -g ù éd -b ù
(a) êë -b a úû (b) êë -g a úû
é 36 ,36 18ù é,36 36 ,18ù
ê ú ê ú
(a) ê 36 36 ,18ú (b) ê,36 36 ,18 ú
ê ú ê ú é -d b ù é -d -b ù
ê18 ,18 ú ê 18 ,18 9 ú (c) êë g -a úû (d) êë g a úû
ë 9 û ë û

é 0 0 0ù é0 1 0ù
ê ú ê0 0 1 ú
(c) ê 0 0 0ú (d) None of these 47. Let the matrix A = ê ú and the matrix
ê ú
êê 0 0 0úú êë1 0 0úû
ë û
B0 = A49 + 2A98. If Bn = Adj(Bn – 1) for all n ³ 1, then
ék 8 ù det(B4) is equal to :
41. Value of k, for which A = ê ú is a singular matrix is:
ë 4 2k û (a) 328 (b) 330
(a) 4 (b) – 4 (c) 332 (d) 336
(c) ±4 (d) 0 48. Given that A = [aij] is a square matrix of order 3 × 3 and |A|
42. Given that A is a square matrix of order 3 and | A | = – 4,
= –7, then the value of å i3=1 ai 2 Ai 2 , where Aij denotes the
then | adj A | is equal to:
(a) – 4 (b) 4 cofactor of element aij is:
(c) –16 (d) 16 (a) 7 (b) –7
(c) 0 (d) 49
é 2 5ù
43. For matrix A = ê ú , (adj A)' is equal to : éa 2 ù
ë -11 7 û 49. If A = ê ú and | A | = 125, then the value of a is
3
ë 2 a û
é -2 -5 ù é 7 5ù (a) ± 1 (b) ± 2
(a) ê 11 -7 ú (b) ê11 2 ú
ë û ë û (c) ± 3 (d) ± 5
50. If I3 is the identity matrix of order 3, then I3–1 is
é 7 11ù é 7 -5 ù
(c) ê -5 2 ú (d) ê11 2 ú (a) 0 (b) 3 I3
ë û ë û
(c) I3 (d) Does not exist
Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-35

51. If A and B are square matrices and A –1 and B–1 of the same 58. Find the cofactor of the element of third row and second
order exist, then (AB)–1 is equal to : 1 x y+z
(a) AB–1 (b) A–1 B (c) A–1 B–1 (d) B–1 A–1 column of the following determinant 1 y z + x .
1 z x+ y
é l -1 4ù
(a) x – y (b) y – x (c) x – z (d) z – x
52. The matrix êê -3 0 1 úú is invertible, if
êë -1 1 2úû é1 bc a ù
59. A = ê1 ca b ú Then Cofactors C11, C21, C31 are.
ê ú
(a) l ¹ – 17 (b) l ¹ – 18 êë1 ab c úû
(c) l ¹ – 19 (d) l ¹ – 20
(a) a(c2 – b2), b(a2 – c2), c(b2 – a2)
53. Let A and B be two 3 × 3 non-zero real matrices such that (b) a(c2 – b2), b(c2 – a2), c(b2 – a2)
AB is a zero matrix. Then (c) bc, ab, 2b
(a) The system of linear equations AX = 0 has a unique (d) None of these
solution 60. Find cofactors of a21 and a31 of the matrix
(b) The system of linear equations AX = 0 has infinitely é 1 3 -2 ù
many solutions A = [aij] = êê 4 -5 6úú
(c) B is an invertible matrix êë 3 5 2úû
(d) adj (A) is an invertible matrix
(a) –16, 8 (b) –16, –8 (c) 16, 8 (d) 16, –8
æ 0 0 -1ö 61. Find the minor of 6 and cofactor of 4 respectively in the
54. Let A = ç 0 -1 0 ÷ . The only correct 1 2 3
ç -1 0 0 ÷
è ø determinant D = 4 5 6 .
statement about the matrix A is 7 8 9
(a) A2 = I (a) 6, 6 (b) 6, –6 (c) –6, –6 (d) –6, 6
(b) A = (–1) I, where I is a unit matrix log3 512 log4 3
(c) A–1 does not exist 62. Evaluate the determinant D =
log3 8 log 4 9
(d) A is a zero matrix
55. Find the cofactors of elements a12, a22, a32 respectively 15 14
(a) (b) 12 (c) (d) 6
2 3
é 1 sin q 1 ù
ê - sin q 1 sin qú . é1 6 1ù
of the matrix ê ú
êë -1 - sin q 1 úû
63. Find the minor of a22 of the matrix ê 5 3 0ú .
ê ú
êë 2 2 9úû
(a) 0, 2, – 2 sin q (b) 2, 0, 2 sin q
(c) 2, 0, – 2 sin q (d) – 2 sin q, 2, 0 (a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
56. If cij is the co-factor of the element aij of the determinant 64. Find the minor of the element of second row and third
2 -3 5 2 -3 5
6 0 4 , then write the value of a32 × c32. column in the following determinant 6 0 4 .
1 5 -7 1 5 -7
(a) 110 (b) 22 (c) – 110 (d) – 22 (a) 13 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 0
57. If A ij denotes the cofactor of the element aij of the
5 3 8
2 -3 5 65. If D = 2 0 1 , then write the minor of the element a23.
determinant 6 0 4 then the value of 1 2 3
1 5 -7
(a) 7 (b) – 7 (c) 4 (d) 8
a11A31 + a12A32 + a13A33 is
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) – 5
 12th/II MHT-CET-36 Mathematics

74. If A and B are two non-singular matrices which commutes,

é 0 1 -1ù then (A(A + B)–1 B)–1 (AB) =
66. If A = êê 2 1 3 úú , then [A (adj A) A–1] A = (a) A + B (b) A–1 + B–1
êë 3 2 1 úû (c) A–1 + B (d) None of these
75. If A is a skew symmetric matrix, then B = (I – A)(I + A)–1 is
é -6 0 0 ù (where I is an identity matrix of same order as of A)
é 3 0 0ù
ê 0 -6 0 ú (a) idempotent matrix (b) symmetric matrix
(a) 2 ê 0 3 0ú (b)
ê ú (c) orthogonal matrix (d) None of these
ê ú
ëê 0 0 3úû ëê 0 0 -6ûú 76. A be a square matrix of order 2 with |A| ¹ 0 such that
|A + |A| adj (A)| = 0, where adj (A) is a adjoint of matrix A,
é 1 1ù then the value of |A– |A| adj (A)| is
ê0 –
2 6ú
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
ê ú é1 0 0ù 77. If there are three square matrix A, B, C of same order
(c) ê1 1 1ú
(d) ê 0 1 0ú n
ê3 6 2ú ê ú satisfying the equation A2 = A–1 and let B = A2 and
ê ú ëê 0 0 1úû
ê1 1 1ú ( n - 2)
C = A2 then det (B – C) =
êë 2 3 6 úû (a) 2n (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
1 -4ù é -16 -6ù é 3 + 1ù
67. The matrix X for which éê ú ê 7 2 ú is
X = ê
3 -1
ú
ë 3 -2û ë û 2 2 é 1 0ù
Let S = êê
2 2 ú
78. ú , A = ê -1 1 ú and
æ 3 + 1ö 3 - 1ú ë û
é 1 2ù ê- ç
é -2 4 ù ê -5 5ú êë è 2 2 ÷ø 2 2 û ú
(a) ê -3 1 ú (b) ê ú
ë û ê- 3 1ú
êë 10 5 úû éA Bù
P = S(adj A) ST. If ST P10 S = ê ú , then A + B + C + D
ëC D û
é 6 2ù is equal to
é -16 -6ù
(c) ê 7 2ú (d) ê11 ú (a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 55 (d) 20
ê 2ú
ë û ë2 û
é2 0 0ù
68. If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |A| = 5, then ê ú
|Adj (4A)| = 79. If A = ê 2 2 0 ú , then adj (adj A) is equal to
(a) 53 × 42 (b) 52 × 43 (c) 52 × 163 (d) 53 × 162 êë 2 2 2 úû
69. Let A be a matrix of order 3 × 3 and matrix B, C, D are such
that B = adj (A), C = adj (adj A), D = adj (adj(adj A)), é1 0 0 ù é1 0 0ù
if |adj(adj(adj(adj ABCD)))| is |A|k, then k is equal to ê ú ê ú
(a) 4 ê1 1 0 ú (b) 8 ê1 1 0ú
(a) 256 (b) 240 (c) 360 (d) 270
êë1 1 1úû êë1 1 1úû
é x y - zù
70. Let matrix A = ê 1 2 3 ú , where x, y z, Î N. é1 0 0 ù
ê ú
êë 1 1 2 úû (c) 16 ê1 1 0 ú (d) None of these
ê ú
êë1 1 1úû
If |adj (adj (adj (adj A)))| = 48 × 516, then the number of such
(x, y, z) are
é6 - x 4 ù
(a) 28 (b) 36 (c) 45 (d) 55 80. For what value of x, matrix A = ê ú is a singular
71. If P is non-singular matrix then value of adj(P–1) in terms ë3 - x 1 û
of P is matrix ?
P (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) – 1 (d) – 2
(a) (b) P|P|
|P| 81. Let M and N be two invertible square matrices over R of
(c) P (d) None of these order 2 such that N is diagonal. Then MNM–1 is diagonal
72. If A and B are symmetric non-singular matrices such that (a) for all M
AB = BA and A–1B–1 exist then matrix A–1 B–1 is
(b) only when M is a scalar matrix
(a) symmetric (b) skew-symmetric
(c) null (d) None of these (c) for all diagonal matrices M
73. Let A = [aij] be a 3 × 3 invertible matrix. If determinant of A (d) M must be a null matrix
is 2, then the value of |(adj AT)T| + |(adj A–1)–1| equals
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16
Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-37

é1/ 25 0 ù é 5 0ù
–2 é1 2 ù
90. Find the adjoint of the matrix A = ê ú.
82. If ê ú=ê ú , then value of x is ë3 4 û
ë x 1/ 25û ë -a 5û
(a) a/125 (b) 2a/125 é 4 2ù é 4 -2 ù
(c) 2a/25 (d) None of these (a) ê3 1ú (b) ê -3 1 ú
ë û ë û
é 3 -3 4ù
é1 2 ù é 1 -2 ù
83. If A = êê 2 -3 4úú , then which of the following is false? (c) ê 3 4ú (d) ê -3 4 ú
ë û ë û
êë 0 -1 1 úû
(a) adj(adj A) = A (b) |adj (adj A)| = 1 écos a - sin a 0ù
(c) |adj A| = 1 (d) None of these 91. If A = êê sin a cos a 0úú , then find adj A.
é 3 -3 4ù ëê 0 0 1úû
ê ú
84. If A = ê 2 -3 4ú , then the trace of the matrix Adj(AdjA) é cos a sin a 0 ù é cos a - sin a 0 ù
êë 6 -1 1 úû ê - sin a cos a 0ú ê - sin a cos a 0ú
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
is êë 0 0 1úû êë 0 0 1úû
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
-1 é cos a sin a 0ù é - cos a - sin a 0ù
æ 1 - tan qö æ 1 tan qö é a - bù ê sin a cos a 0ú
=ê ê sin a cos a 0ú
85. If ç ÷ ç 1 ÷ø ú , then (c) ê ú (d)
ê ú
è tan q 1 ø è - tan q ëb a û
(a) a = sin 2q, b = cos 2q (b) a = 1, b = sin 2q ëê 0 0 1ûú êë 0 0 1úû
(c) a = b = 1 (d) a = cos 2q, b = sin 2q
é1 2 x ù
é 1 k 3ù 92. Find x, if ê 1 1 1 ú is singular..
ê ú ê ú
86. If P = ê 1 3 3ú is the adjoint of a 3 × 3 matrix Q and êë 2 1 -1úû
êë 2 4 4úû (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
det (Q) = 6, then k is equal to 93. Find the value of x for which the matrix
(a) 21 (b) 18 (c) 36 (d) 42 é3 - x 2 2 ù
87. If P and Q are two 3 ´ 3 matrices such that |PQ| = 1 and ê
A= 2 4-x 1 ú is singular..
ê ú
|P| = 9, then the determinant of adjoint the matrix P. Adj 3Q is êë -2 -4 -1 - x ûú
1 1 (a) 0, 1 (b) 1, 3 (c) 0, 3 (d) 3, 2
(a) 94 (b) 4 (c) 92 (d)
9 92
é -4 -3 -3ù
é 1 -5 7 ù A = ê1 0 1ú
94. If ê ú , then adj A =
88. If the sum of the matrices A and êê -9 2 6úú is 3I3 êë 4 4 3 úû
ëê -10 5 2úû (a) A –1 (b) AT
(c) A (d) Both (a) and (c)
é -1 0 2ù
ê ú é1 2 2ù
(l3 denotes the unit matrix of order 3) and P = ê 0 0 3ú
95. If A = ê 2 1 2ú , then find A–1.
êë 5 2 4úû ê ú
ëê 2 2 1 úû
then det {(Adj A) . P–1} is equal to
(a) –54 (b) 1/54 (c) 54 (d) 1 é -3 2 2 ù é 3 2 2ù
1ê 1ê
é a 1 2ù é 7 -1 -5ù (a) 2 -3 2 ú (b) 2 3 2ú
ê ú 5ê ú 5 ê ú
89. ê ú
If A = ê 1 2 bú and Adj A = ê -3 9 5 ú then êë 2 2 -3úû êë 2 2 3úû

ëê c 1 3úû êë 1 -3 5 úû
é 3 2 2ù é3 2 2 ù
1ê
a2 + b2 + c2 = 2 -3 2ú
1ê
(c) (d) 2 3 2ú
(a) 10 (b) 14 (c) 11 (d) 29 5ê ú 5ê ú
ëê 2 2 3úû êë 2 2 -3úû
 12th/II MHT-CET-38 Mathematics

(a) Both statement I and II are correct.

é1 1 2 ù (b) Both statement I and II are incorrect.
96. Compute (AB)–1, if A = ê0 2 -3ú and (c) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
ê ú
êë 3 -2 4 úû (d) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect.
102. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix.
é1 2 0 ù Statement I: Adj (adj A) = A.
Statement II: |adj A| = |A|.
B -1
= ê0 3 -1ú
ê ú (a) Both statement I and II are correct.
êë1 0 2 úû (b) Both statement I and II are incorrect.
(c) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
é16 12 1 ù é16 12 10 ù (d) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect.
1 ê 1 ê
(a) 21 11 -7ú (b) 21 11 -2ú 103. If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |A| = 2 then
19 ê ú 19 ê ú
|(Adj A–1)–1| is
ëê10 -2 3 úû ëê10 -7 3 úû (a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 10
104. If A is a non-singular matrix of order 2 such that A + adj A =
é 16 12 1 ù é16 -21 1 ù
1 ê
-21 -11 7 ú A–1, then 3A–1 is equal to
1 ê
(c) (d) 21 11 7 ú
19 ê ú 19 ê ú
êë 10 -2 3úû êë10 -2 3úû (a) 18 (b) 15 (c) 12 (d) 9
105. Let A be a 4 × 4 matrix and P be its adjoint matrix. If
é 0 1 1ù A
A2 - 3 I | P |= , then |A–1| =
97. If A = êê1 0 1úú , then = 2
2
êë1 1 0úû (a) ± 9 (b) ± 8 (c) ± 2 (d) ± 4

3 –1 é 3 -3 4ù
(a) A –1 (b) 2A (c) 2A–1 (d) A ê ú
2 106. If A = ê 2 -3 4ú , then |adj (adj A)| + |adj A| is
êë 0 -1 1úû
é1 -2 ù é6 0 ù
98. Find a 2 × 2 matrix B such that B ê ú=ê ú. (a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 5
ë1 4 û ë0 6 û
é 1 -1 1 ù é 2 2 2ù
é 4 2ù é 4 2ù ê ú
(a) ê -1 1 ú (b) ê1 1 ú 107. Let A = êê 2 1 -3úú and 10B = ê -5 0 a ú . If B is the
ë û ë û
êë 1 1 1 úû êë 0 -2 3 úû
é 1 2ù é 1 -2 ù
(c) ê -1 4 ú (d) ê ú inverse of matrix A, then a is
ë û ë -1 4 û (a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 9
99. If for the non-singular matrix A, A2 = I, then find A–1. 108. If A is a matrix of order 3 such that |A| = 5 and B = adj A, then
(a) A (b) I the value of ||A– 1|.(AB)T| is equal to
(c) O (d) None of these (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
100. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix.
Statement I : adj (adj A) = A é1 -1 1 ù
Statement II : |adj A| = |A| 109. If A = ê 0 2 -3ú and B = (adj A) and C = 5A, then
ê ú
(a) Both statement I and II are correct. êë 2 1 0 úû
(b) Both statement I and II are incorrect.
(c) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
(d) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect. | adj B | | A | p
= q . The value of p + q is
|C | 5
é2 2 1ù
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 7
101. Statement I: If the matrix A = ê1 3 1 ú , then 110. There are two possible values of A(say A1 and A2) in the
ê ú
êë1 2 2úû solution of matrix equation
5A–1 = A2 – 7A + 10I. -1
é 2 A + 1 -5ù é A - 5 B ù é14 S ù
ê -4 = , then find
3
ë A úû êë 2 A - 2 C úû êë E F úû
Statement II: If det (A – lI ) = å Cr l r , then – 27 (A1 + A2).
r =0
C0I + C1A + C2A2 + C3A3 = 0 (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 9 (d) 10
Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-39

é cos a sin a 0 ù Statement I: det A + det B = det C.

ê ú Statement II: A + B = C.
111. If A(a, b) = ê- sin a cos a 0 ú , then A(a,b)–1 is equal to
ê 0 (a) Both statement I and II are correct.
ë 0 eb úû (b) Both statement I and II are incorrect.
(a) A(–a,–b) (b) A(–a, b) (c) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
(c) A(a,–b) (d) A(a, b) (d) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect.

é a + ib c + id ù 1 3cos q 1
112. If A = ê 2 2 2 2
ú and a + b + c + d = 1, then A
–1
116. If D = sin q
ë - c + id a - ib û 1 3cos q , then the
is equal to 1 sin q 1
é a - ib -c - id ù é a + ib -c + id ù |Maximum value of D – Minimum value of D|3
(a) ê -c + id a - ib ú (b) ê -c + id a - ib ú is equal to
ë û ë û (a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 100 (d) 1000
é a - ib c - id ù 117. The largest value of a third order determinant whose
(c) ê -c - id a + ib ú (d) None of these elements are either 0 or 1, is
ë û (a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 4
118. Suppose the vectors x1, x2 and x3 are the solutions of the
é1 0 0ù
ê ú system of linear equations, Ax = b when the vector b on
113. If A = ê1 5 0ú , then adj A is equal to the right side is equal to b1, b2 and b3 respectively. If
êë1 3 0úû é1ù é 0ù é0ù é1ù é 0ù
x1 = 1 , x2 = 2 , x3 = 0 , b1 = 0 , b2 = ê 2ú and
ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú
é 14 -4 -22ù é -14 4 22 ù êú ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú
ê 4 êë1úû êë1 úû êë1úû êë0úû êë 0úû
(a)
ê -4 -22 14 ú
(b) ê 22 -14úú
ê ú é0ù
êë -22 14 -4 úû êë 22 -14 4 úû
b3 = ê0ú , then the determinant of A is equal to :
ê ú
é 0 0 0ù êë 2úû
(c) êê 0 0 0úú (d) None of these 1 3
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) (d)
êë -2 -3 5úû 2 2
119. Let S be the set of all integer solutions, (x, y, z), of the
114. Let x, y, z are three integers lying between 1 and 9 such that
x51, y41 and z31 are three digit numbers. Also, x, y, z are in system of equations x - 2 y + 5 z = 0 , -2 x + 4 y + z = 0
A.P. -7 x + 14 y + 9 z = 0 , such that 15 £ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 £ 150.
Statement I: The value of the determinant Then, the number of elements in the set S is equal to
5 4 3 (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10
x51 y41 z31 is zero. é 5 2a 1 ù
x y z 120. If B = ê 0 2 1 ú is the inverse of a 3 × 3 matrix A, then
ê a 3 -1ú
ë û
Statement II: The value of the determinant is zero, if the
the sum of all values of a for which det (A) + 1 = 0, is :
entries in any two rows (or columns) of the determinant
(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) 2
are correspondingly proportional.
(a) Both statement I and II are correct.
(b) Both statement I and II are incorrect.
(c) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
(d) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect.
121. The system of simultaneous equations kx + 2y – z = 1,
é 1 0 aù é 1 0 xù
(k – 1)y – 2z = 2 and (k + 2)z = 3 have a unique solution if k
115. Let A = ê 2 3 b ú , B = ê 2 3 yú
ê ú ê ú equals
ëê -3 1 c úû ëê -3 1 z úû (a) – 2 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) 1

é 1 0 a + xù 122. The number of solutions of equation x 2 – x 3 = 1,

and C = êê 2 3 b + y úú . – x1 + 2 x 3 = 2, x1 – 2x 2 = 3 is
êë -3 1 c + z úû (a) zero (b) one
(c) two (d) infinite
 12th/II MHT-CET-40 Mathematics

123. Suppose p, q, r ¹ 0 and system of equation

é5 4ù é1 – 2 ù
(p + a)x + by + cz = 0, 130. If ê ú X= ê ú then X is equal to
ë1 1û ë1 3 û
ax + (q + b) y + cz = 0 ,

ax + by + (r + c)z = 0 has a non-trivial solution, then value é 3 14 ù é 3 14 ù

(a) ê ú (b) ê – 4 – 17 ú
ë – 4 17 û ë û
a b c
of + + is
p q r é – 3 – 14 ù é – 3 14 ù
(c) ê (d)
(a) –1 (b) 0 ë 4 17 úû ê 4 17 ú
ë û
(c) 1 (d) 2 131. For the system of linear equations
124. The equations 2x + 3y + 4 = 0; 3x + 4y + 6 = 0 and x + y + z = 6, ax + by + 7z = 3, x + 2y + 3z = 14, which of the
4x + 5y + 8 = 0 are following is NOT true?
(a) consistent with unique solution (a) If a = b = 7, then the system has no solution
(b) inconsistent (b) If a = b and a ¹ 7 then the system has a unique solution.
(c) There is a unique point (a, b) on the line x + 2y + 18
(c) consistent with infinitely many solutions = 0 for which the system has infinitely many solutions
(d) None of the above (d) For every point (a, b) ¹ (7, 7) on the line x–2y + 7
125. If x, y, z are not all zero and a, b, c are distinct such that = 0, the system has infinitely many solutions.
ax + by + cz = 0, bx + cy + az = 0, cx + ay + bz = 0 then 132. Consider the following system of questions
(a) a + b + c = 0 ax + 2y + z = 1, 2ax + 3y + z = 1, 3x + ay + 2z = b
(b) a2 + b2 + c2 = abc For some a, b Ρ . Then which of the following is NOT
(c) a + b + c = abc correct?
(d) None of these (a) It has no solution if a = –1 and b ¹ 2
126. The equations 2x + 3y + 4 = 0; 3x + 4y + 6 = 0 and (b) It has no solution for a = –1 and for all b Ρ
4x + 5y + 8 = 0 are
(c) It has no solution for a = 3 and for all b ¹ 2
(a) consistent with unique solution (d) It has a solution for all a ¹ –1 and b = 2
(b) inconsistent
133. If the system of equations x + y + z = 16, 2x + 5y + az = b,
(c) consistent with infinitely many
x + 2y + 3z = 14 has infinitely many solutions, then a + b is
solutions
equal to :
(d) None of the above
(a) 8 (b) 36 (c) 44 (d) 48
127. The system ax – 3y + 5z = 4, x – ay + 3z = 2, 9x – 7y + 8az = 0
134. The number of q Î (0, 4p) for which the system of linear
has
equations 3 (sin 3q) x – y + z = 2, 3 (cos 2q) x + 4y + 3z = 3,
(a) a unique solution for all a
6x + 7y + 7z = 9 has no solution, is:
(b) no solution for all a
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
(c) unique solution if 4a3 – 45a + 58 = 0
135. The number of real values l, such that the system of
(d) no solution if 4a3 – 45a + 58 = 0
linear equations 2x – 3y + 5z = 9, x + 3y – z = –18 and
128. The values of b for which the system x – 2y = a, ax + 3y = b has
3x – y + (l2 – |l|)z = 16 has no solution, is :
atleast one solution for any real a is :
(a) 0 (b) 1
9
(a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 4
2 136. For a Matrix A, The value of its determinant is Non-zero,
9
(c) (d) 2 Then system of equation has __________ solution.
4
(a) unique solution
129. Let l and a be real. The set of all values of x for which the
system of linear equations l x + (sin a) y + (cos a) z = 0 (b) Infinitely many solutions
x + (cos a) y + (sin a) z = 0, – x + (sin a) – (cos a) z = 0 has (c) No solution
a non-trivial solution, is (d) None of the above

(a) [0, 2 ] (b) [- 2, 0 ] 137. If the system of equations x + ly + 2 = 0, lx + y – 2 = 0,

lx + ly + 3 = 0 is consistent, then
(c) [- 2 , 2 ] (d) None of these (a) l = ±1 (b) l = ± 2
(c) l = 1, – 2 (d) l = –1, 2
Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-41

138. The equations 2x + 3y + 4 = 0; 3x + 4y + 6 = 0 and

4x + 5y + 8 = 0 are é a1 a 2 ù é c1 ù é a1 b1 ù é x ù é c1 ù
(a) ê b b ú = êc ú (b) êa =
b 2 úû êë y úû êëc2 úû
(a) consistent with unique solution ë 1 2 û ë 2û ë 2
(b) inconsistent
(c) consistent with infinitely many solutions é a1 a 2 ù é y ù é c1 ù é a1 a 2 ù é x ù é c2 ù
(c) ê b b ú ê x ú = ê c ú (d) êb b ú ê yú = ê c ú
(d) None of the above ë 1 2 û ë û ë 2û ë 1 2û ë û ë 1û
139. If [a] denotes the integral part of a and x = a3y + a2z,
146. If the system of linear equations
y = a1z + a3z and z = a2x + a1y, where x, y, z are not all
zero. If a1 = m – [m], m being a non-integral constant, then 2x + y – z = 7 ; x – 3y + 2z = 1 ; x + 4y + dz = k,
a1a 2a3 is where d , k Î R has infinitely many solutions, then d + k
(a) > 1 (b) > – 1 is equal to:
(c) < 1 (d) < – 1 (a) – 3 (b) 3
140. Given : 2x – y – 4z = 2, x – 2y – z = – 4, x + y + lz = 4, then (c) 6 (d) 9
the value of l such that the given system of equation has
147. If the system of linear equations 2x + 3y – z = – 2, x + y + z
NO solution, is
= 4, x – y + |l|z = 4l – 4 where l Î ¡ has no solution, then
(a) 3 (b) 1
(a) l = 7 (b) l = – 7
(c) 0 (d) – 3
(c) l = 8 (d) l2 = 1
141. If the equations x + ay – z = 0, 2x – y + az = 0, ax + y + 2z = 0
have non-trivial solutions, then a =
é3; when $i = $j
(a) 2 (b) – 2 148. Let A = [aij]3 × 3 be such that aij = ê
êë 0; $i ¹ $j , then
(c) 3 (d) - 3
142. The value (s) of m does the system of equations 3x + my ì det (adj(adj A)) ü
= m and 2x – 5y = 20 has a solution satisfying the í ý equals: (where {×} denotes fractional
î 5 þ
conditions x > 0, y > 0.
(a) m Î (0 ¥) part function)

2 1
æ 15 ö (a) (b)
(b) mÎ ç - ¥, - ÷ È (30, ¥) 5 5
è 2ø
2 1
æ 15 ö (c) (d)
(c) m Î ç - , ¥ ÷ 3 3
è 2 ø
(d) None of these t 2 - 3t + 4
149. If t is real and l = , then the number of solutions
143. Consider the system of linear equations; t 2 + 3t + 4
x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3, 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3, 3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1 of the system of equations
The system has 3x – y + 4z = 3, x + 2y – 3z = – 2, 6x + 5y +lz = –3 is :
(a) exactly 3 solutions (b) a unique solution
(a) one (b) two
(c) no solution (d) infinite solutions
(c) zero (d) infinite
144. The system of linear equations : x + y + z = 0, 2x + y – z = 0,
150. For real numbers a and b, consider the following system
3x + 2y = 0 has : of linear equations x + y – z = 2, x + 2y + az = 1, 2x – y + z
(a) no solution = b. If the system has infinite solutions, then a + b is
(b) a unique solution equal to
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 9
(c) an infinitely many solution
151. Let the system of linear equations 4x + ly + 2z = 0,
(d) None of these 2x – y + z = 0, mx + 2y + 3z = 0, l, m Î R.
145. A system of linear equations a1x + b1y = c1, a2 x + b2y = c2 has a non-trivial solution. Then which of the following is
can be represented in matrix form as true?
(a) m = –6, l Î R (b) l = 3, m Î R
(c) m = 6, l Î R (d) l = 2, m Î R
 12th/II MHT-CET-42 Mathematics

152. Consider the following system of equations : 162. The system of linear equations x + 2y + z = –3, 3x + 3y – 2z
x + 2y – 3z = a, 2x + 6y – 11z = b, x – 2y + 7z = c, = –1, 2x + 7y + 7z = –4 has
where a, b and c are real constants. Then the system of (a) infinite number of solutions
equations : (b) no solution
(a) has infinite number of solutions when 5a = 2b + c (c) unique solution
(b) has no solution for all a, b and c (d) finite number of solutions
(c) has a unique solution when 5a = 2b + c 163. If the system of equations, x – 2y+ z = a, 2x + y – 2z = b and
(d) has a unique solution for all a, b and c x + 3y – 3z = c has at least one solution, then
153. The sum of distinct values of l for whcih the system of (a) a + b + c = 0 (b) a – b + c = 0
equations (l - 1) x + (3l + 1) y + 2lz = 0 , (c) – a + b + c = 0 (d) a + b – c = 0
164. The equations (l – l)x + (3l + l)y + 2lz = 0, (l – l )x +
(l - 1) x + (4l - 2) y + (l + 3) z = 0 ,
(4l – 2)y + (l + 3)z = 0 and 2x + (3l + l)y + 3(l – l)z = 0 give
2x + (3l + 1) y + 3(l – 1) z = 0, non-trivial solution for some values of l, then the ratio x :
has non-zero solutions, is y : z when l has the smallest of these values is
(a) 3 (b) 3.5 (c) 5 (d) 4 (a) 3 : 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 3 : 2 (c) 1 : 3 : 1 (d) 1 : 1 : 1
154. If c < 1 and the system of equations x + y – 1 = 0, 2x – y – c 165. If the system of equations x + ky + 3z = 0; 3x + ky – 2z = 0;
= 0 and –bx + 3by – c = 0 is consistent, then the possible and 2x + 3y – 4z = 0 has infinite solutions, then
real values of b are (a) the value of k is 12
æ 3ö (b) the value of k is 10
(b) b Î æç - , 4 ö÷
3
(a) b Î ç -3, ÷ (c) the values of x, y, z satisfy the equation z + 4y = 0
è 4ø è 2 ø
(d) the values of x, y, z satisfy the equation 2x + 15y = 0
æ 3 ö 166. System of equations 3x – y + 4z = 3, x + 2y – 3z = – 2 and
(c) b Î ç - ,3 ÷ (d) None of these
è 4 ø 6x + 5y + k = – 3, has
155. If the system of equations, x + 2y – 3z = 1, (p + 2) z = 3, (a) at least one solution for any real number l
(2p + 1) y + z = 2 is inconsistent, the value of p is (b) infinite solutions for l = –4
(a) –2 (b) –1/2 (c) 0 (d) 2 (c) no solution for any real number l
156. If the system of linear equations x + ky + 3z = 0, 3x + ky (d) unique solution for l= – 5
– 2z = 0, 2x + 4y – 3z = 0 has a non-zero solutions (x, y, z), 167. The system of equations – 2x + y + z = a; x – 2y + z = b; and
x + y – 2z = c has:
xz (a) no solution if a + b + c ¹ 0
then is equal to
y2 (b) unique solution if a + b + c = 0
(a) 30 (b) – 10 (c) 10 (d) – 30 (c) infinite number of solutions if a + b + c ¹ 0
157. Let S be the set of all real values of k for which the system (d) None of these
of linear equations x + y + z = 2; 2x + y – z = 3; 3x + 2y + kz 168. Consider a system of equations: x sinq – 2y cos q – az = 0,
= 4 has a unique solution. Then S is x + 2y + z = 0, – x + y + z = 0, qÎ R. Then which of the
(a) an empty set (b) equal to R following statement is not correct.
(c) equal to {0} (d) equal to R – {0} (a) the given system will have infinite solutions for a = 2.
158. If the system of linear equations 2x + 2y + 3z = a, 3x – y + 5z (b) the number of integer values of a is 3 for the system
= b, x – 3y + 2z = c where a, b, c are non-zero real numbers, to have nontrivial solutions
has more than one solution, then (c) for a = 1 there exists q for which the system will have
(a) b + c – a = 0 (b) a + b + c = 0 infinite solutions
(c) b – c + a = 0 (d) b – c – a = 0 (d) for a = 3 there exists q for which the system will have
159. The system of linear equations x + y + z = 6, x + 2y + 3z = 14 unique solution
and 2x + 5y + lz = m (l, m Î R) has a unique solution then 169. The system x + 2y + 3z = 4, 4x + 5y + 3z = 5, 3x + 4y + 3z = l is
consistent and 3l = n + 100, then n =
(a) l ¹ 8 (b) l ¹ 8, m ¹ 36
(a) – 42 (b) – 86 (c) 16 (d) – 24
(c) l = 8, m = 36 (d) None of these 170. The system of simultaneous linear equations
160. Sum of values of p for which, the equations x + y + z = 1; x x – 2y + 3z = 4, 3x + y – 2z = 7, 2x + 3y + z = 6 has
+ 2y + 4z = p and x + 4y + 10z = p2 have a solution is (a) infinitely many solutions
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5 (b) no solution
161. Let a1, a2 and b1, b2 be the roots of ax2+ bx + c = 0 and (c) unique solution having z = 2
px2 + qx + r = 0, respectively. If the system of equations (d) unique solution having
a1y + a2z = 0 and b1y + b2z = 0 has a non-trivial solution, 171. The system of equations x + 2y + 3z = 6, x + 3y + 5z = 9,
then 2x + 5y + az = 12 has no solution when a =
(a) b2pr = q2ac (b) bpr2 = qac2 (a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
(c) bp2r = qa2c (d) None of these
Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-43

172. If (x, y, z) = (a, b, g) is the unique solution of the system of Statement I: The above system has infinitely many
simultaneous linear equations 3x – 4y + z + 7 = 0, 2x + 3y solutions.
– z = 10, x – 2y – 3z = 3 then a = Statement II: For the above system det A = 0 and
(a) 3 (b) –3 (c) –1 (d) 1
173. If the system of equations 3x – 2y + z = 0, lx – 14y + 15z = 0 é1 1 1ù é1ù
ê ú
adj (A)B = 0, where A = ê 2 2 2ú and B = ê 2 ú
and x + 2y – 3z = 0 has a solution other than x = y = z = 0, then ê ú
l is equal to ëê 4 4 4úû êë 3 úû
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
(a) Both statement I and II are correct.
174. If the system of simultaneous linear equations x + y + z = (b) Both statement I and II are incorrect.
a, x – y + bz = 2, 2x + 3y – z = 1 has infinitely many solutions, (c) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
then b – 5a = (d) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect.
4 177. Consider the system
(a) (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) –3 2x + 3y + 6z = 8, x + 2y + 3z = 5, x + y + 3z = 4
5
175. Statement I: System of equations2x + py + 6z = 8, Statement I: The above system of equation has no
x + 2y + qz = 5, x + y + 3z = 4 has unique solution for p ¹ 2, solution.
q ¹ 3. Statement II: det A = 0 and (adj A) B = O, where
Statement II: System of equations é 2 3 6ù é8ù
a1x + b1y + c1z = d1, a2x + b2y + c2z = d2, ê ú ê5ú
A = 1 2 3 and B =
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3, has unique sol if D ¹ 0. ê ú ê ú
(a) Both statement I and II are correct. êë 1 1 3úû êë 4 úû
(b) Both statement I and II are incorrect. (a) Both statement I and II are correct.
(c) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect. (b) Both statement I and II are incorrect.
(d) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect. (c) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
176. Consider the system of equations, (d) Statement II is correct but statement I is incorrect.
x + y + z = 1, 2x + 2y + 2z = 2, 4x + 4y + 4z = 3

é3 - 2 4 ù
1
écos a - sin a 0ù 4. If matrix A = êê1 2 -1úú and A-1 = (adj A),
k
1. Let F(a) = êê sin a cos a 0úú where aÎ R. Then êë0 1 1 úû
êë 0 0 1úû then k is : [2022]
[F(a)]-1 is equal to [2024] (a) 7 (b) – 7 (c) 15 (d) – 11

(a) F(-a) (b) F(a -1 ) é 1 2 -1ù

(c) F(2a) (d) None of these 5. If A = êê -1 1 2 úú , then det (adj (adj A)) is
x 3 7 êë 2 -1 1 úû
2. If (x + 9) = 0 is a factor of 2 x 2 = 0, then the other
7 6 x [2021]
factor is: [2023] (a) (14)4 (b) (14)3 (c) (14)2 (d) (14)1
(a) (x – 2) (x – 7) (b) (x – 2) (x – a) 6. The number of solutions of equation
(c) (x + 9) (x – a) (d) (x + 2) (x + a) x 2 – x 3 = 1, – x1 + 2 x 3 = 2, x1 – 2x 2 = 3 is [2020]
3. If Ai j denotes the cofactor of the element aij of the (a) zero (b) one (c) two (d) infinite
2 -3 5 é x 1ù
7. –1
determinant 6 0 4 , then value of
If A = ê
1 0 ú and A = A , then x = [2019]
ë û
1 5 -7 (a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1
a11A31 + a13A32 + a13A33 is [2022]
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) – 5
 12th/II MHT-CET-44 Mathematics

8. If A is non-singular matrix such that (A–2I) (A–4I) = 0 é 1 2ù

then A + 8A–1 = [2019] 15. If matrix A = ê 4 3ú , such that AX = I, then X is equal to
(a) I (b) 0 (c) 3 I (d) 6 I ë û
[2016]
é 1 2 3ù
ê -1 1 2 ú 1 é1 3 ù 1 é4 2 ù
9. If A = ê ú then (A2 – 5A )A–1 = [2018] (a) ê ú (b) ê ú
5 ë2 -1û 5 ë 4 -1û
êë 1 2 4 úû
1 é -3 2 ù 1 é -1 2ù
é 4 2 3ù é- 4 2 3ù (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
ê -1 4 2 ú ê -1 - 4 2 ú
5 ë 4 -1û 5 ë -1 4û
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
êë 1 2 1 úû êë 1 2 -1úû

é - 4 -1 1 ù é - 1 -2 1 ù
ê 2 -4 2 ú ê 4 - 2 -3ú
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú é2 1 2 ù é1 2 0ù
êë 3 2 -1úû êë 1 4 -2 úû ê6 2 11ú ê5 0 2ú
1. Let A = P =
ê ú and ê ú . The sum of the
é 1 2 3ù êë3 3 2 úû êë7 1 5úû
ê 1 1 5ú
10. Matrix A = ê ú then the value of prime factors of |P–1 AP – 2I| is equal to [2024]
êë 2 4 7 úû
(a) 27 (b) 26 (c) 23 (d) 66
a31 A31 + a32 A32 + a33 A33 is [2018]
(a) 1 (b) 13 (c) –1 (d) –13 éb a 3ù é 3a -9 3a ù
é1 0 0 ù 2. Let ab ¹ 0 and A = ê a a b ú . If B = êê -a 7 -2aúú
ê ú
ê3 3 0 ú êë -b a 2a úû êë-2a 5 -2búû
11. The inverse of the matrix ê ú is [2017]
êë5 2 -1úû is the matrix of cofactors of the elements of A, then det(AB)
é -3 0 0 ù é -3 0 0ù is equal to : [2024]
1ê ú 1ê
- ê 3 -1 0úú
(a) 343 (b) 125
- ê3 1 0ú
(a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 64 (d) 216
êë 9 2 -3úû êë -9 -2 3úû 3. Let the determinant of a square matrix A of order m be
é 3 0 0ù é -3 0 0ù m – n, where m and n satisfy 4m + n = 22 and 17m + 4n = 93.
1ê 1ê
- ê 3 -1 0úú - ê -3 -1 0úú If det (n adj(adj(mA))) = 3a5b6c, then a + b + c is equal to:
(c) 3 (d) 3
êë -9 -2 3úû êë -9 -2 3úû [2023]
é a 14 -1ù (a) 96 (b) 101 (c) 109 (d) 84
ê2 3 1 ú é 1 3 aù
12. If the inverse of the matrix ê ú
êë 6 2 3 úû 4. Let B = êê 1 2 3 úú , a > 2 be the adjoint of a matrix A
does not exist, then the value of a is [2017] êëa a 4 úû
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) –2
é a ù
é1 1 0 ù
ê 2 1 5ú and |A| = 2, then [ a –2a a ] êê –2a úú is equal to:
B
13. If A = ê ú ’ then êë a úû
êë1 2 1 úû
[2023]
a11A21 + a12A22 + a13A23 is equal to [2016] (a) 16 (b) 32 (c) –16 (d) 0
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) 2 é0 1 0ù
é 0 -1ù ê ú
é 2 2ù 5. Let the matrix A = ê0 0 1 ú an d the matrix
14. If A = ê ú, Bê ú , then
êë -3 2 úû êë 1 0 úû êë1 0 0úû
(B–1A–1)–1 is equal to [2016] 49 98
B0 = A + 2A . If Bn = Adj(Bn – 1) for all n ³ 1, then
det(B4) is equal to : [2022]
é 2 -2 ù é 2 2ù 28 30 32 36
(a) ê2 3 ú (b) ê -2 3ú (a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 3 (d) 3
ë û ë û 6. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with det (A) = –1 and det ((A + I)
(Adj (A) + I)) = 4. Then the sum of the diagonal elements
é 2 -3ù é 1 -1ù
(c) ê2 2 ú (d) ê -2 3 ú of A can be: [2022]
ë û ë û
(a) – 1 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) - 2
Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-45

7. Consider the system of linear equations –x + y + 2z = 0,

2 1 1
3x – ay + 5z =1, 2 x – 2y – az = 7. Let S1 be the set of all a
R for which the system is inconsistent and S2 be the set 9. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that adj A 1 0 2 and
of all a R for which the system has infinitely many 1 2 1
solutions. If n(S1) and n(S2) denote the number of elements
in S1 and S2 respectively, then [2021] B = adj(adj A). If | A | and | ( B 1 )T | , then the ordered
(a) n(S1) = 2, n(S2) = 2 (b) n(S1) = 1, n(S2) = 0 pair, (| |, ) is equal to : [2020]
(c) n(S1) = 2, n(S2) = 0 (d) n(S1) = 0, n(S2) = 2
8. If the following system of linear equations 1 1 1
(a) 3, (b) 9, (c) (3, 81) (d) 9,
2x + y + z = 5, x – y + z = 3, x + y + az = b 81 9 81
has no solution, then : [2021]
1 1 2
1 7 1 7
(a) a ,b (b) a ,b 10. If the matrices A = 1 3 4 , B = adj A
3 3 3 3
1 1 3
1 7 1 7
(c) a ,b (d) a ,b adj B
3 3 3 3 and C = 3A, then is equal to : [2020]
C
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 72 (d) 2

1. Let A and B be two square matrices of order 2. If det(A) = 2, 4 2

det(B) = 3 and det ((det(5(detA)B))A2) = 2a3b5c for some a, 6. Let A If A2 + A + 181 = 0, then det (A) is equal to.
b, c N, then a + b + c is equal to:
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 14 (a) –18 (b) 18 (c) –50 (d) 50
2. Let A and B be two 3 × 3 real matrices such that (A2 – B2) 2 1
is invertible matrix. If A5 = B5 and A3B2 = A2B3, then the 7. Let A . If B = I – 5C1 (adj A) + 5C2 (adjA)2 – ...
0 2
value of the determinant of the matrix A3 + B3 is equal to:
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 0 – 5C5 (adj A)5, then the sum of all elements of the matrix B is:
3. Let A be a 3 × 3 real matrix. (a) – 5 (b) – 6 (c) – 7 (d) – 8
8. Let A be a matrix of order 3 × 3 and det (A) = 2. Then
If det 2Adj 2 Adj Adj 2A 2 41 , then the value of det (det (A) adj (5 adj (A3))) is equal to
det(A2) equal (a) 512 × 106 (b) 256 × 106
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 8 (c) 1024 × 10 6 (d) 256 × 1011
4. Let A = {aij}be a 3 × 3 matrix, where 9. The positive value of the determinant of the matrix A,
j 1 14 28 14
1 if i j,
whose Adj (Adj (A )) 14
28 , is 14
a ij 2 if i j,
i j 28
14 14
1 if i j,
(a) 16 (b) 18 (c) 14 (d) 20
then det (3adj(2A–1)) is equal to 10. Let A and B be two 3 × 3 matrices such that AB = I and
(a) 100 (b) 108 (c) 114 (d) 120
1
A then |adj(B adj (2A))|is equal to
8
2 2 2
5. Consider a matrix A where , , (a) 16 (b) 32 (c) 64 (d) 128
11. Let A be a 3 × 3 invertible matrix. If |adj (24A)|
= adj |(3 adj (2A))|, then | A |2 is equal to :
are three distinct natural numbers.
(a) 66 (b) 212 (c) 26 (d) 1
det adj adj adj (adjA)
If 232 316 , then the 12. Let S = { n :1 n 50 and n is odd}
16 16 16
1 0 a
number of such 3–tuples ( ) is
Let a S and A 1 1 0
(a) 40 (b) 55 (c) 48 (d) 42
a 0 1
 12th/II MHT-CET-46 Mathematics

23. Let for some real numbers a and b, a = a – ib. If the

If å det(adjA) = 100l , then l is equal to system of equations 4ix + (1 + i) y = 0 and
a ÎS
(a) 218 (b) 221 (c) 663 (d) 1717 æ 2p 2p ö
8 ç cos + i sin ÷ x + ay = 0 has more than one
é2 3 ù 4 è 3 3 ø
13. If A = ê ú , then the value of det(A ) +
ë 0 -1û a
det(A10 – (Adj(2A))10) is equal to solution then is equal to :
b
(a) 16 (b) 18 (c) 20 (d) 24
14. Let A and B be two 3 × 3 non-zero real matrices such that (a) -2 + 3 (b) 2 - 3
AB is a zero matrix. Then
(a) The system of linear equations AX = 0 has a unique (c) 2 + 3 (d) -2 - 3
solution 24. The ordered pair (a, b), for which the system of linear
(b) The system of linear equations AX = 0 has infinitely equations 3x – 2y + z = b; 5x – 8y + 9z = 3; 2x + y + az = –1
many solutions has no solution, is :
(c) B is an invertible matrix
æ 1ö
(a) æç 3, ö÷
1
(d) adj (A) is an invertible matrix (b) ç - 3, ÷
è 3ø è 3ø
15. If the system of equations x + y + z = 16, 2x + 5y + az = b,
æ 1ö
(d) æç 3, - ö÷
x + 2y + 3z = 14 has infinitely many solutions, then a + b is 1
(c) ç - 3, - ÷
equal to : è 3ø è 3ø
(a) 8 (b) 36 (c) 44 (d) 48 25. If the system of equations ax + y + z = 5, x + 2y + 3z = 4,
16. If the system of linear equations 8x + y + 4z = – 2, x + 3y + 5z = b has infinitely many solutions, then the
x + y + z = 0, lx - 3 y = m has infinitely many solutions, ordered pair (a, b) is equal to :
(a) (1, – 3) (b) (– 1, 3) (c) (1, 3) (d) (– 1, – 3)
æ 1ö 26. The system of equations
then the distance of the point ç l, m, - ÷ from the plane
è 2ø – kx + 3y – 14z = 25, – 15x + 4y – kz = 3, – 4x + y + 3z = 4
8x + y + 4z + 2 = 0 is: is consistent for all k in the set
(a) R (b) R – {– 11, 13}
26 10
(a) 3 5 (b) 4 (c) (d) (c) R – {13} (d) R – {– 11, 11}
9 3 27. The number of values of a for which the system of equations :
17. The number of q Î (0, 4p) for which the system of linear x + y + z = a , a x + 2 a y + 3z = –1, x + 3 a y + 5z = 4
equations 3 (sin 3q) x – y + z = 2, 3 (cos 2q) x + 4y + 3z = 3, is inconsistent, is
6x + 7y + 7z = 9, has no solution, is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
28. Let the system of linear equations
18. The number of real values l, such that the system of
linear equations 2x – 3y + 5z = 9, x + 3y – z = –18 and x + y + az = 2; 3x + y + z = 4 ; x + 2z = 1
3x – y + (l2 – |l|) z = 16 has no solution, is : have a unique solution (x*, y*, z*). If (a, x*), (y*, a) and
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 (x*, –y*) are collinear points, then the sum of absolute
19. If the system of linear equations values of all possible values of a is :
2x + y – z = 7 ; x – 3y + 2z = 1 ; x + 4y + dz = k, (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
29. If a + b + g = 2p, then the system of equations
where d , k Î R has infinitely many solutions, then d + k x + (cos g)y + (cos b)z = 0, (cos g)x + y + (cos a)z = 0
is equal to: (cos b)x + (cos a)y + z = 0 has :
(a) – 3 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 9
(a) no solution (b) infinitely many solution
20. If the system of linear equations 2x + 3y – z = – 2, x + y + z
(c) exactly two solutions (d) a unique solution
= 4, x – y + |l|z = 4l – 4 where l Î ¡ has no solution, then 30. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that |adj ( adj(adjA) )| = 124.
(a) l = 7 (b) l = – 7 (c) l = 8 (d) l 2 = 1 Then | A–1 adj A | is equal to
21. If the system of linear equations (a) 2 3 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 1
2x – 3y = g + 5, ax + 5 y = b + 1, 31. Let A be a non-singular matr ix of order 3. If
where a, b, g Î R has infinitely many solutions, then the det(3adj(2adj((detA)A))) = 3–13 . 2–10 and det (3adj(2A))
= 2m . 3n, then |3m + 2n| is equal to
value of | 9a + 3b + 5g | is equal to
(a) 10 (b) 14 (c) 20 (d) 24
(a) 48 (b) 58 (c) 53 (d) 45
22. Let the system of linear equations x + 2y + z = 2, 32. If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that det(A) = 3 and
ax + 3y – z = a, –ax + y + 2z = –a, be inconsistent. Then a det(adj(–4 adj(–3 adj(3 adj((2A)–1))))) = 2m3n, then m + 2n
is equal to: is equal to:
5 5 7 7 (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
(a) (b) - (c) (d) -
2 2 2 2
Matrices 12th/II MHT-CET-47

é2 1 0 ù
éb a 3ù
41. Let A = êê 1 2 -1úú . If |adj (adj (adj2 A)) | = (16)n, then n
33. Let ab ¹ 0 and A = êê a a bú
ú êë 0 -1 2 úû
êë -b a 2a úû
is equal to
é 3a -9 3a ù (a) 10 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 8
ê ú
If B = ê -a 7 -2a ú is the matrix of cofactors of the 42. Let A be a n × n matrix such that |A| = 2. If the determinant
êë -2a 5 -2b úû of the matrix Adj (2. Adj(2A–1)). is 284, then n is equal to
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 5
elements of A, then det(AB) is equal to :
æ m nö
(a) 343 (b) 125 (c) 64 (d) 216 43. Let A = ç , d =| A |¹ 0 | A - d ( Adj A ) |= 0 . Then
è p q ÷ø
é1 2 a ù
ê ú (a) (1 + d)2 = (m + q)2 (b) 1 + d2 = (m + q)2
34. Let a Î (0, ¥) and A = ê1 0 1 ú . If det (adj (2A – AT). 2
(c) (1 + d) = m + q 2 2 (d) 1 + d2 = m2 + q2
êë0 1 2 úû 44. If P is a 3 × 3 real matrix such that PT = aP + (a – 1)I, where
a > 1, then
adj (A – 2AT)) = 28, then (det(A))2 is equal to: (a) P is a singular matrix (b) |Adj P| >1
(a) 1 (b) 49 (c) 16 (d) 36
1
é1 2ù (c) |Adj P| = (d) |Adj P| = 1
35. Let A = ê 2 10 2
ú and B = I + adj(A) + (adj A) + ... + (adj A) .
ë0 1û 45. Let l, m ÎR. If the system of equations
Then, the sum of all the elements of the matrix B is : 3x + 5y + lz = 3, 7x + 11y –9z = 2, 97x + 155y – 189z = m
(a) –110 (b) 22 (c) –88 (d) –124 has infinitely many solutions, then m + 2l is equal to :
é1ù é 3ù (a) 25 (b) 24 (c) 27 (d) 22
36. Let A be a 2 × 2 symmetric matrix such that A ê ú = ê ú 46. Let a b g = 45 ; a, b, g ÎR. If x(a, 1, 2) + y(1, b, 2) +
ë1û ë7 û
and the determinant of A be 1. If A = aA + bI, where I is
–1 z(2, 3, g) = (0, 0, 0) for some x, y, z Î R, xyz ¹ 0, then
an identity matrix of order 2 × 2, then a + b equals 6a + 4b + g is equal to
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 10 (a) 68 (b) 58 (c) 55 (d) 60
37. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix and det (A) = 2. If 47. If the system of linear equations 7x + 11y + az = 13,
5x + 4y + 7z = b , 175x + 194y + 57z = 361
( (
n = det adj adj (......( adj A ) ) ))
1444442444443 . Then the remainder when
has infinitely many solutions, then a + b + 2 is equal to
2024 - times
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6
48. For the system of linear equations x + y + z = 6,
n is divided by 9 is equal to ax + by + 7z = 3, x + 2y + 3z = 14,
(a) 7 (b) 10 (c) 18 (d) 20 which of the following is NOT true?
cos x - sin x 0 (a) If a = b = 7, then the system has no solution
(b) If a = b and a ¹ 7 then the system has a unique solution.
38. Consider the matrix f ( x ) = sin x cos x 0 (c) There is a unique point (a, b) on the line x + 2y + 18
0 0 1 = 0 for which the system has infinitely many solutions
Given below are two statements : (d) For every point (a, b) ¹ (7, 7) on the line x–2y + 7
= 0, the system has infinitely many solutions.
Statement I: f(–x) is the inverse of the matrix f(x). 49. If the system of equations x + 2y + 3z = 3; 4x + 3y – 4z = 4,
Statement II: f(x) f(y) = f(x + y). 8x + 4y – lz = 9 + m has infinitely many solutions, then the
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct ordered pair (l, m) is equal to
answer from the options given below æ 72 21ö æ -72 -21ö
(a) çè , ÷ø (b) çè , ÷
(a) Statement I is false but Statement II is true 5 5 5 5 ø
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false æ 72 -21ö æ -72 21ö
(c) çè , ÷ (d) çè , ÷
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are true 5 5 ø 5 5ø
é 1 2 3ù 50. Let [l] be the greatest integer less than or equal to l. The
ê ú set of all values of l for which the system of linear equations
39. Let for A = ê a 3 1 ú , |A| = 2. If |2adj (2adj (2A))| x + y + z = 4, 3x + 2y+ 5z = 3,
êë 1 1 2úû 9x + 4y + (28+ [l])z = [l] has a solution is:
= 32 , then 3n + a is equal to
n
(a) R (b) ( -¥, - 9 ) È ( -9, ¥ )
(a) 10 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 11
40. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix and |A| = 2, then |3adj ( |3A| A2)| is equal to (c) [–9, –8) (d) ( -¥, - 9 ) È [-8, ¥)
(a) 311 . 610 (b) 312 . 610 (c) 310 . 611 (d) 312 . 611
12th/II MHT-CET-48 Mathematics

ANSWER KEYS
Exercise 1 : Topic-wise MCQs for MHT-CET
1 (c) 19 (b) 37 (d) 55 (a) 73 (c) 91 (a) 109 (b) 127 (d) 145 (b) 163 (b)
2 (b) 20 (c) 38 (b) 56 (a) 74 (a) 92 (d) 110 (c) 128 (c) 146 (b) 164 (d)
3 (b) 21 (b) 39 (d) 57 (a) 75 (c) 93 (c) 111 (a) 129 (c) 147 (b) 165 (d)
4 (d) 22 (a) 40 (b) 58 (b) 76 (d) 94 (d) 112 (d) 130 (c) 148 (b) 166 (a)
5 (d) 23 (a) 41 (c) 59 (a) 77 (d) 95 (a) 113 (c) 131 (d) 149 (a) 167 (a)
6 (b) 24 (b) 42 (d) 60 (a) 78 (b) 96 (a) 114 (a) 132 (b) 150 (a) 168 (b)
7 (a) 25 (c) 43 (c) 61 (d) 79 (c) 97 (a) 115 (c) 133 (c) 151 (c) 169 (b)
8 (b) 26 (a) 44 (d) 62 (a) 80 (b) 98 (a) 116 (d) 134 (b) 152 (a) 170 (c)
9 (d) 27 (c) 45 (b) 63 (c) 81 (c) 99 (a) 117 (a) 135 (c) 153 (a) 171 (d)
10 (c) 28 (c) 46 (b) 64 (a) 82 (b) 100 (a) 118 (b) 136 (a) 154 (c) 172 (d)
11 (c) 29 (c) 47 (c) 65 (a) 83 (d) 101 (d) 119 (b) 137 (a) 155 (a) 173 (d)
12 (b) 30 (b) 48 (b) 66 (a) 84 (a) 102 (a) 120 (c) 138 (a) 156 (c) 174 (b)
13 (a) 31 (c) 49 (c) 67 (d) 85 (d) 103 (c) 121 (b) 139 (b) 157 (d) 175 (a)
14 (d) 32 (c) 50 (c) 68 (c) 86 (a) 104 (a) 122 (b) 140 (d) 158 (d) 176 (d)
15 (d) 33 (b) 51 (d) 69 (b) 87 (a) 105 (d) 123 (a) 141 (b) 159 (a) 177 (c)
16 (b) 34 (c) 52 (a) 70 (b) 88 (c) 106 (a) 124 (c) 142 (b) 160 (c)
17 (a) 35 (b) 53 (b) 71 (a) 89 (a) 107 (c) 125 (a) 143 (c) 161 (a)
18 (c) 36 (b) 54 (a) 72 (a) 90 (b) 108 (b) 126 (a) 144 (c) 162 (b)
Exercise 2 : Past Years MHT-CET & JEE Main
Past Years MHT-CET
1 (a) 3 (a) 5 (a) 7 (a) 9 (b) 11 (b) 13 (b) 15 (c)
2 (a) 4 (c) 6 (a) 8 (d) 10 (c) 12 (d) 14 (a)
Past Years JEE Main
1 (b) 2 (d) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (a) 10 (a)
Exercise 3 : MHT-CET Challenging Questions
1 (b) 6 (b) 11 (c) 16 (d) 21 (b) 26 (d) 31 (b) 36 (b) 41 (a) 46 (c)
2 (d) 7 (c) 12 (b) 17 (b) 22 (d) 27 (b) 32 (c) 37 (a) 42 (d) 47 (a)
3 (c) 8 (a) 13 (a) 18 (c) 23 (b) 28 (c) 33 (d) 38 (d) 43 (a) 48 (d)
4 (b) 9 (c) 14 (b) 19 (b) 24 (b) 29 (b) 34 (c) 39 (d) 44 (d) 49 (c)
5 (d) 10 (c) 15 (c) 20 (b) 25 (c) 30 (a) 35 (c) 40 (a) 45 (a) 50 (a)