A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for a generator set (genset) outlines

the steps required to safely and effectively operate, maintain, and troubleshoot a
genset. Below is a basic SOP

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Genset Operation

1. Purpose
To ensure the safe and efficient operation of the generator set (genset) during
power outages or as needed.
2. Scope
This SOP applies to all personnel responsible for operating and maintaining the
genset.
3. Responsibilities
 Operator: Responsible for starting, monitoring, and shutting down the
genset.
 Maintenance Personnel: Responsible for regular inspections, servicing,
and troubleshooting.
 Safety Officer: Ensures all safety protocols are followed.
4. Safety Precautions
 Ensure the area around the genset is clear of obstructions.
 Wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) including gloves,
ear protection, and safety glasses.
 Never operate the genset in a confined space without proper ventilation.
 Ensure the genset is grounded properly.
 Familiarize yourself with the emergency stop procedure.
5. Pre-Operation Checks
1. Fuel Level: Check that the fuel tank is filled to the required level.
2. Oil Level: Ensure the engine oil level is within the recommended range.
3. Coolant Level: Verify that the coolant is topped off.
4. Battery Check: Ensure the battery is fully charged and connections are
secure.
5. Visual Inspection: Inspect the genset for any visible damage or leaks.
6. Control Panel: Check that all indicators on the control panel are normal.
6. Starting the Genset
1. Ensure that the genset is in manual mode.
2. Press the start button or turn the key to start the genset.
 3. Monitor the control panel for any alarms or warnings.
4. Allow the genset to run at no load for a few minutes to stabilize.
5. Closed the genset circuit breaker check the voltage, frequency is correct
crosscheck with multimeter then proceed for load.
6. Gradually apply the load to the genset.
7. Monitoring During Operation
 Regularly check the control panel for voltage, frequency, and other
parameters.
 Monitor the genset for unusual noises or vibrations.
 Ensure the genset remains within its operational limits.
8. Shutting Down the Genset
1. Gradually remove the load from the genset.
2. Allow the genset to run for a few minutes at no load to cool down.
3. Press the stop button or turn the key to shut down the genset.
4. Switch off the main power supply to the genset.
9. Post-Operation Checks
 Record the operational parameters in the logbook.
 Perform a visual inspection for any leaks or damage.
 Ensure the fuel, oil, and coolant levels are adequate.
 Clean the genset area if necessary.
10. Maintenance
 Daily: Check fuel, oil, and coolant levels; inspect for leaks.
 Weekly: Test run the genset under load; check battery charge.
 Monthly: Change oil and oil filter if required; inspect and clean the air
filter.
 Quarterly: Inspect fuel and coolant systems; check all electrical
connections.
 Annually: Perform a full service, including oil change, coolant flush, and
comprehensive inspection.
11. Troubleshooting
 Failure to Start: Check fuel level, battery charge, and starter
connections.
 Overheating: Check coolant level and radiator; ensure proper ventilation.
 Low Voltage Output: Inspect the alternator and voltage regulator.
12. Emergency Procedures
 In case of fire, activate the fire suppression system or use a fire
extinguisher.
 If a major malfunction occurs, engage the emergency stop and notify the
maintenance team immediately.
13. Documentation
 Maintain a logbook with details of each operation, including start and stop
times, load conditions, and any anomalies.
 Record all maintenance activities and inspections.
14. Review and Update
 This SOP should be reviewed annually or after any major changes to the
genset or its operation.
The SPAJ 142C is a protection relay commonly used in power systems for the
protection of transformers Below is an overview of the typical protection settings
for an SPAJ 142C relay. However, it's important to note that specific settings will
depend on the application, system design, and the equipment being protected.
Protection Settings for SPAJ 142C Relay (CT used 400/1Amps
Transformer 3150KVA 11000/400 VAC)
**1. Overcurrent Protection (Phase Overcurrent - I>)
 Pickup Current (I> setting): Typically set between 0.1 to 1.5 times the
full-load current of the equipment. Currently set 0.4Amps
 Time Delay (T>): Set according to the coordination study, usually
between 0.1 to 2.0 seconds. currently set 0.3 sec
**2. Short Circuit Protection (Instantaneous Overcurrent - I>>)
 Pickup Current (I>> setting): Typically set between 2 to 4 times the
full-load current, depending on the system’s fault level. Currently Set on
0.5 amps
 Time Delay (T>>): Typically set to instantaneous or a very short time
delay (0.05 to 0.1 seconds). currently set on 0.1 sec
**3. Earth Fault Protection (Ground Fault Protection - IE>)
 Pickup Current (IE> setting): Usually set to 10% to 20% of the full-load
current.
 Time Delay (TE>): Set according to coordination requirements, typically
0.1 to 1.0 seconds.
4. Thermal Overload Protection
  Thermal Time Constant: This setting is usually set based on the thermal
characteristics of the motor or transformer.
 Pickup Level: Typically set to 1.05 to 1.2 times the full-load current.
5. Negative Sequence (Unbalanced Load Protection)
 Pickup Current: Usually set at 10% to 30% of the rated current.
 Time Delay: Set to a few seconds depending on the system
requirements.
6. Undervoltage Protection
 Pickup Voltage (U<): Typically set at 80% to 90% of the nominal
voltage.
 Time Delay: Set to allow for transient dips, usually around 0.5 to 5
seconds.
7. Overvoltage Protection
 Pickup Voltage (U>): Typically set at 110% to 120% of the nominal
voltage.
 Time Delay: Usually set between 0.5 to 2 seconds.
8. Frequency Protection
 Underfrequency (f<): Typically set at 95% of the nominal frequency.
 Over frequency (f>): Typically set at 105% of the nominal frequency.
 Time Delay: Can vary depending on the system, typically set around 0.5
to 10 seconds.
Note:
1. Coordination: Settings must be coordinated with other protective devices
in the system to avoid unnecessary tripping.
2. System-Specific Settings: Consult with the system protection engineer
to tailor the settings according to the specific system requirements.
3. Testing: After setting the relay, it’s crucial to perform testing to verify the
settings and ensure proper operation.
Documentation: Always document the relay settings and keep records for
future reference and maintenance.
To operate the circuit breakers in the ABB Safe Plus switchgear panel shown in
the image, follow these general steps. Please note that specific procedures may
vary depending on site's operating protocols. Here’s a general operation:
1. Pre-Operation Checks:
 Safety Precautions:
o Ensure you are wearing appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE), including insulated gloves and safety glasses.
o Confirm that the area is safe and clear of any personnel who should
not be present.
o Verify that the system is ready for operation (e.g., no existing faults,
proper grounding).
2. Operating the Circuit Breakers:
 Indicator Lights:
o Ensure that the breaker is in the correct status (ON/OFF) before
operation.
 Switch Positions:
o ON Position: To close the breaker, turn the switch handle to the
"ON" position. This will allow current to flow through the circuit.
o OFF Position: To open the breaker, turn the switch handle to the
"OFF" position. This will interrupt the current and isolate the circuit.
 Charging the Spring (for Breakers with Spring Mechanism):
 o Some breakers require the spring mechanism to be charged before
they can be operated. This is usually done by turning a handle or
pushing a button marked for charging.
o Ensure that the spring is fully charged as indicated by the status
window or light before attempting to operate the breaker.
 Line Earth Switch:
o The line earth switch (marked with a grounding symbol) should only
be operated when the breaker is OFF and isolated. This connects
the line to earth for maintenance purposes.
 Disconnectors:
o Disconnectors should be used to isolate parts of the circuit. Ensure
the circuit is de-energized before operating disconnectors.
 Feeder Earth:
o Ensure the feeder is properly grounded before carrying out any
maintenance. The earth switch must be operated after the breaker
is turned OFF.
3. Operation:
 Closing the Breaker:
o If the breaker is to be closed, ensure the load side is safe. Turn the
switch to the "ON" position or press the close button.
o Observe the indicator symbol to confirm that the breaker has closed
properly.
 Opening the Breaker:
o To isolate the circuit, turn the switch to the "OFF" position or press
the open button.
o Again, observe the indicator symbol to confirm that the breaker has
opened properly.
4. Post-Operation Checks:
 Confirm Status:
o Check that the breaker status is as intended (either ON or OFF) and
that all indicator symbols reflect the correct operation.
 Record Keeping:
o Log the operation in the system's logbook, including the time of
operation, status, and any observations.
5. Maintenance:
 Ensure that all maintenance activities follow proper lockout/tagout
procedures to avoid accidental operation.
  Verify that the breaker and all associated switches are in the correct
positions before re-energizing the circuit.

The ComAp InteliGen NT (IG-NT) controller is a comprehensive, multifunctional

controller designed for generator set (genset) management, paralleling, and
protection. Below is a detailed explanation of how the IG-NT controller works and
a general procedure for operating it.
1. Overview of InteliGen NT Controller:
 Primary Functions:
o Genset Control: Start, stop, and monitor the genset.

o Paralleling: Synchronize multiple gensets with each other

o Protection: Provides comprehensive protection functions for the

genset and electrical system.
o Monitoring and Alarms: Continuous monitoring of genset
parameters and triggering alarms for abnormal conditions.
o Communication: Interfaces with other control systems, remote
monitoring, and SCADA systems.
2. Key Components:
 Display Panel: Shows key operational data, such as voltage, current,
frequency, engine parameters, and alarms.
 Keypad/Buttons: Allows the operator to navigate the menu, start/stop
the genset, and acknowledge alarms.
 LED Indicators: Provide visual status indicators for the genset (e.g.,
running, stopped, fault).
 Input/Output Modules: Interfaces with external devices like circuit
breakers, sensors, and actuators.
3. Working Procedure:
a. Powering On the Controller:
 Ensure the controller is connected to the genset and power source.
  Turn on the power supply to the controller. The display panel will light up,
and the controller will perform a self-test.
b. Starting the Genset:
 Manual Start:
o Navigate to the "Manual" mode using the keypad.

o Press the "Start" button to initiate the genset.

o The controller will automatically check pre-start conditions (battery

voltage, coolant temperature, etc.).
o Once the checks are passed, the genset will crank and start
running.
 Automatic Start:
o Set the controller to "Auto" mode.

o The genset will automatically start when a start signal is received

(e.g., from a remote signal or upon a utility failure).
c. Synchronization and Paralleling:
 If multiple gensets are used, the IG-NT controller will synchronize them by
matching voltage, frequency, and phase.
 Once synchronized, the gensets will be paralleled and share the load
according to the load-sharing settings.
 The controller will automatically manage load distribution and adjust the
output of each genset.
d. Monitoring and Control:
 Parameter Monitoring:
o The display panel shows real-time data such as voltage, current,
frequency, engine RPM, oil pressure, coolant temperature, etc.
 Alarm Monitoring:
o The controller continuously monitors for faults or abnormal
conditions.
o If a fault is detected, an alarm will be triggered, and the controller
will display the fault message.
o Alarms may also trigger automatic actions, such as shutting down
the genset or opening the circuit breaker.
 Data Logging:
o The IG-NT can log operational data for later analysis. This includes
event logs, fault history, and performance data.
e. Stopping the Genset:
  Manual Stop:
o Navigate to the "Manual" mode using the keypad.

o Press the "Stop" button. The genset will go through a cooling down
period (if configured) and then shut down.
 Automatic Stop:
o In "Auto" mode, the genset will stop automatically when the stop
signal is received (e.g., utility power restored).
o The controller will manage the shutdown sequence, including load
shedding and circuit breaker operations.
f. Protection Functions:
 The controller provides protection against overvoltage, undervoltage,
overcurrent, underfrequency, over frequency, engine overspeed, low oil
pressure, high coolant temperature, etc.
 Protection settings can be configured via the display panel or using
configuration software.
g. Communication and Remote Monitoring:
 The IG-NT controller can be connected to a remote monitoring system via
Ethernet, RS232, RS485, or CAN bus.
 Remote monitoring allows for the supervision of the genset status,
start/stop commands, and alarm notifications.
4. Configuring the Controller:
 Accessing Configuration:
o Use the keypad to navigate to the configuration menu. A password
may be required.
 Setting Parameters:
o Adjust parameters such as voltage setpoints, frequency setpoints,
protection thresholds, start/stop delays, etc.
 Load Sharing Settings:
o Configure load-sharing settings when multiple gensets are
paralleled.
 Save and Exit:
o After configuring the settings, save the changes and exit the menu.

5. Maintenance and Troubleshooting:

 Regular Inspection:
o Regularly check the controller for proper operation, clean the
display panel, and inspect connections.
  Fault Diagnosis:
o Use the fault codes displayed on the screen to diagnose issues.

o Refer to the manual for specific fault code explanations and

troubleshooting steps.
6. Safety Considerations:
 Always follow site-specific safety procedures when operating the IG-NT
controller.
 Ensure all personnel are trained and aware of emergency shutdown
procedures.
 Never attempt to operate or service the controller without proper
knowledge and authorization.
Actual View of MV panel currently we have connected the transformer outgoing
ATX 1654 And ATX 1655 to MV panel incomer feeder 7 & 5
Load connection used feeder no 3,2, and 1