depression
Multiple Choice Questions
6. Which of the following is applied
1. Psychology is defined as: research?
a) The study of the soul and spirit a) Investigating how memory
b) The scientific study of behavior works
and mental processes b) Testing whether therapy
c) The study of medicine and reduces anxiety symptoms
therapy c) Exploring how neurons transmit
d) The art of interpreting human signals
thought d) Studying how infants form
attachment
2. Which of the following is an
example of overt behavior? 7. Which APA guideline applies to
a) Remembering a past event animal research?
b) Solving a math problem in your a) Confidentiality
head b) Voluntary participation
c) Writing an essay c) Cruelty prevention
d) Feeling nervous d) Debriefing
3. Which of the following is NOT one 8. The independent variable in an
of the four goals of psychology? experiment is:
a) Description a) The measured behavior
b) Prediction b) The manipulated factor
c) Manipulation c) The control group
d) Change d) The participants’ attitudes
4. Which is the correct order of the 9. The dependent variable is:
scientific method? a) The factor manipulated by
a) Hypothesis → Analyze → researchers
Theory → Publish → Collect data b) The behavior measured
b) Identify question → Hypothesis c) The experimental group
→ Collect data → Analyze → d) The condition without treatment
Publish → Theory
c) Theory → Hypothesis → Collect 10.Which group receives no
data → Analyze → Publish treatment in an experiment?
d) Publish → Identify question → a) Control group
Hypothesis → Analyze b) Experimental group
c) Random group
5. Which of the following is basic d) Observational group
research?
a) Studying how caffeine affects 11.Which research method studies
exam performance behavior in its natural
b) Investigating the role of environment?
dopamine in learning a) Case study
c) Designing a stress-reduction b) Correlational research
program for students c) Naturalistic observation
d) Testing new therapy for
d) Survey d) Easy to generalize to real life
12.Which research method involves 18.Which is a disadvantage of
an in-depth study of one experimental research?
individual? a) Difficult to replicate
a) Survey b) Results may not reflect
b) Case study real-world behavior
c) Archival research c) Lacks control over variables
d) Content analysis d) Cannot determine causation
13.One major limitation of surveys 19.Which of the following is a true
is: experiment?
a) They are too expensive a) No random assignment, only
b) They always require observation
experiments b) Random assignment to groups
c) People may not answer with treatment and control
honestly c) Observing rare behaviors in one
d) They cannot collect numerical subject
data d) Collecting survey responses
from many people
14.Correlational research can identify:
a) Positive and negative 20.In quasi-experiments, assignment
associations is:
b) Cause-and-effect relationships a) Random
c) Bias in participants b) Natural or non-random
d) Independent and dependent c) Controlled by the researcher
variables d) Absent
15.A correlation of -0.85 means: 21.Which is a strength of
a) A strong negative relationship quasi-experiments?
b) A weak positive relationship a) Always establish causation
c) No relationship b) Higher external validity in
d) A strong cause-and-effect real-world settings
c) Eliminate all confounding
16.Biological research often uses variables
which of the following tools? d) Require fewer participants
a) EEG and MRI
b) Interviews and surveys 22.Which of the following is an
c) Observation and case studies advantage of self-inventory?
d) Archival records a) Provides insight into strengths
and weaknesses
17.Which is a strength of b) Guarantees objective results
experimental research? c) Avoids bias completely
a) High external validity d) Eliminates need for analysis
b) Ability to establish
cause-and-effect 23.Which is a disadvantage of
c) Cost-effectiveness self-inventory?
a) Helps in personal growth
b) Enhances communication a) Narrative analysis
c) May be influenced by bias and b) Correlational research
limited awareness c) Archival research
d) Provides career guidance d) Field experiment
24.Which type of survey follows the 30.Which method systematically
same participants over time? codes text into categories?
a) Cross-sectional survey a) Narrative analysis
b) Longitudinal survey b) Case study
c) Analytical survey c) Content analysis
d) Exploratory survey d) Survey research
25.Which type of survey is best for 31.Which neuroimaging technique
analyzing trends at a single point in measures electrical activity in
time? the brain?
a) Longitudinal a) fMRI
b) Cross-sectional b) CT scan
c) Case study c) EEG
d) Narrative d) PET
26.Which of the following is archival 32.Which technique measures brain
research? activity through blood
a) Studying brain activity with EEG oxygenation levels?
b) Analyzing diaries from the 19th a) EEG
century b) fMRI
c) Conducting field experiments in c) EKG
schools d) CT scan
d) Interviewing twin siblings
33.Which psychophysiological method
27.Which is a limitation of archival records heart rate activity?
research? a) EEG
a) Too easy to access records b) ECG/EKG
b) Records may be biased or c) EMG
incomplete d) Pupillometry
c) Always requires participants’
consent 34.Which measures muscle tension?
d) Cannot study history a) EEG
b) fMRI
28.Which research method examines c) EMG
language use in context? d) Respiration monitoring
a) Content analysis
b) Discourse analysis 35.Which twin type develops from two
c) Narrative analysis separate eggs?
d) Biological research a) Monozygotic
b) Dizygotic
29.Which method focuses on c) Identical
personal experiences and d) Cloned
storytelling?
36.Which twin type develops from one d) Case study
fertilized egg?
a) Dizygotic 43.Hofling’s hospital study is an
b) Monozygotic example of a:
c) Non-identical a) Lab experiment
d) Genetic clone b) Field experiment
c) Case study
37.The Jim Twins study highlights: d) Archival study
a) Pure environmental effects
b) Pure genetic effects 44.Which interview type uses
c) Interplay of nature and nurture pre-determined questions?
d) Random chance a) Structured interview
b) Unstructured interview
38.Which is an advantage of twin c) Narrative interview
studies? d) Focus group
a) No environmental influence
b) High validity in studying 45.Which interview type allows
heredity flexibility and open-ended
c) Complete elimination of bias responses?
d) Always ethical a) Structured interview
b) Unstructured interview
39.Which is a limitation of twin c) Closed interview
studies? d) Archival interview
a) Helps control for genetics
b) Limited generalizability 46.Which is an advantage of
c) Strong longitudinal data structured interviews?
d) Useful in psychology a) Provides rich, detailed data
b) Encourages open
40.Which type of experiment is communication
conducted in a laboratory c) Easy to compare responses
setting? d) Reduces time required for
a) Field experiment analysis
b) Natural experiment
c) Lab experiment 47.Which is an advantage of
d) Case study unstructured interviews?
a) Less bias
41.Which type of experiment has b) More detailed insights
higher external validity? c) Standardized responses
a) Lab experiment d) Easier to analyze
b) Field experiment
c) Case study 48.Which research method combines
d) Narrative analysis multiple studies statistically?
a) Meta-analysis
42.The Milgram shock study is an b) Survey research
example of a: c) Case study
a) Lab experiment d) Narrative analysis
b) Field experiment
c) Twin study
49.Which is a limitation of 54.Hofling’s hospital study, where
meta-analysis? nurses followed a doctor’s phone
a) Provides strong statistical orders against protocol, is best
power classified as a:
b) Data availability and a) Lab experiment
heterogeneity issues b) Field experiment
c) Helps resolve conflicting results c) Case study
d) Increases precision d) Archival research
50.Which of the following is a 55.In Hofling’s study, the
strength of content analysis? independent variable was:
a) Establishes causation a) Whether the nurses obeyed
b) Easy to combine with other b) Orders given by a doctor
techniques c) Hospital environment
c) Avoids all interpretation bias d) Type of medication used
d) Provides deep emotional
meaning 56.Which is a key advantage of field
experiments like Hofling’s study?
a) High internal validity
b) High external validity and
51.The Jim Twins study, where natural behavior
identical twins separated at birth c) Easy replication
had strikingly similar lives, d) Elimination of all confounding
illustrates: variables
a) Environmental determinism
b) The influence of nature and 57.A researcher studying how
nurture students coped with online
c) Random coincidence learning during COVID-19 by
d) Social learning theory analyzing their interview transcripts
is using:
52.In the Milgram shock a) Narrative analysis
experiment, the dependent b) Case study
variable was: c) Archival research
a) Level of shock voltage d) Meta-analysis
administered
b) Authority pressure applied 58.When students reported difficulty
c) Random assignment to groups concentrating due to
d) Heart rate of participants distractions at home in online
learning research, this was coded
53.Which ethical concern is MOST under:
highlighted by the Milgram study? a) Time management
a) Confidentiality b) Flexibility
b) Informed consent and c) Concentration issues
deception d) Survey bias
c) Use of animals in research
d) Right to withdraw 59.A COVID-19 survey asking
thousands of participants about
stress and coping strategies during
lockdown is an example of: a) Archival research
a) Cross-sectional survey b) Survey research
b) Longitudinal survey c) Content analysis
c) Case study d) Experimental research
d) Biological research
65.A meta-analysis of studies on
60.An EEG study on brain activity therapy effectiveness for
while participants watched depression would help
magic tricks would fall under: researchers:
a) Correlational research a) Test only one small group
b) Biological research b) Increase statistical power by
c) Archival research combining results
d) Narrative analysis c) Avoid analyzing numerical data
d) Focus only on storytelling
61.A case study of a teenager with
exceptional memory over 10
years highlights which advantage
of case studies?
a) Easy generalization
b) Detailed insights into rare Answer Key
conditions
1. b
c) Ability to establish causation
d) High external validity
2. c
62.If researchers compared survey
3. c
results on stress during finals
week from 2019, 2020, and 2021,
4. b
what kind of survey is this?
a) Cross-sectional
5. b
b) Longitudinal
c) Exploratory
6. b
d) Analytical
7. c
63.The Minnesota Twin Study of
Twins Reared Apart mainly
8. b
provided evidence for:
a) Strong influence of genetics on
9. b
traits
b) Strong influence of environment
10.a
only
c) Lack of validity in twin studies
11.c
d) The elimination of cultural
influence
12.b
64.A content analysis of COVID-19
13.c
news articles to see how often
“anxiety” and “mental health” were
mentioned is an example of:
14.a 38.b
15.a 39.b
16.a 40.c
17.b 41.b
18.b 42.a
19.b 43.b
20.b 44.a
21.b 45.b
22.a 46.c
23.c 47.b
24.b 48.a
25.b 49.b
26.b 50.b
27.b 51. b
52. a
28.b 53. b
54. b
29.a 55. b
56. b
30.c 57. a
58. c
31.c 59. a
60. b
32.b 61. b
62. b
33.b 63. a
64. c
34.c 65. b
35.b
36.b
37.c