Energy is the ability to do work. It exists in all matter because particles are 2.

2. Other sources: Fire, electricity, wind, water, fuel, batteries, and sound vibrations.
always moving. Energy makes things move, change, and function in daily life.
Types of Energy
Forms of Energy 1. Light Energy – From the sun, lamps, candles, etc.
1. Light Energy – Comes mainly from the Sun, lamps, candles, and torches. It allows 2. Heat Energy – From sunlight, fire, and electricity (used for cooking, heating, making
us to see and supports life on Earth. Without the Sun’s light, there would be no salt, etc.).
photosynthesis, no heat, and no water cycle. 3. Kinetic Energy – From moving wind or water (used in windmills, boats, turbines).
2. Heat Energy – Present in hot objects and used for warmth, cooking, and drying. 4. Chemical Energy – From food, fuel, and batteries.
Hotter objects have more energy than colder ones. 5. Electrical Energy – Powers machines, lights, and appliances.
3. Sound Energy – Produced by vibrations. Loud sounds have more energy than quiet 6. Sound Energy – Comes from vibrations.
sounds. Examples: radios, whistles, guitars, clocks, kettles.
4. Electrical Energy – Comes from electricity. Two types: Energy Conversion
* Static electricity: Charges stay in one place (e.g., rubbing a balloon on hair). Energy changes form, for example:
* Current electricity: Charges move (e.g., from batteries, plugs, power plants). Used - Battery: Chemical → Electrical → Light
in lamps, fans, TVs, and computers. - Car: Chemical (fuel) → Kinetic (movement)
5. Chemical Energy – Stored in food, fuels (gasoline, oil), and batteries. It provides - Guitar: Kinetic → Sound
power for living things and machines. *Electrical energy is the most useful because it can easily be converted into light,
6. Kinetic Energy – Energy of movement. Found in flowing water, moving arrows, heat, sound, or movement.
walking, or jumping. Alternative Energy Sources
Uses of Energy To reduce fossil fuel use, scientists develop renewable energy:
* Cooking, heating, and lighting. 1. Solar Energy – Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity.
* Making things move (pushing a swing, kicking a ball, lifting objects). 2. Wind Energy – Wind turbines turn wind into electricity.
* Playing sports, working, and daily activities. 3. Water Energy (Hydropower) – Flowing water turns turbines to generate electricity.
* Running machines and household appliances. 4. Geothermal Energy – Heat from inside the Earth produces steam for turbines.
Some objects can produce more than one kind of energy. For example: 5. Organic Waste (Biogas) – Waste from plants and animals is turned into gas or
* A candle gives light and heat. electricity.
* A television produces light, sound, and sometimes heat. 6. Plants (Biofuels) – Jatropha, palm oil, cassava, and sugarcane can be made into
* A kettle gives heat, sound, and light. biodiesel or bioethanol.

Energy comes from different sources and can change from one form to How to Saving Energy
another. It cannot be created or destroyed, only converted. Electricity: Use sunlight, turn off unused appliances, use energy-saving devices (LEDs).
Fuel: Walk, ride a bicycle, share rides, and maintain vehicles properly.
Sources of Energy
1. Sunlight: The main source of light and heat. It helps plants grow, keeps Earth
warm, and supports life.
1. What is energy?
A. The ability to eat food B. The ability to do work
C. The ability to see light D. The ability to make noise

2. Which of these is the biggest source of light and heat on Earth?

A. Fire B. The Sun C. A lamp D. A flashlight

3. Without sunlight, plants cannot perform ______.

A. Breathing B. Photosynthesis C. Respiration D. Evaporation

4. Which of these is an example of heat energy?

A. A torchlight B. A whistle C. A boiling kettle D. A painting

5. Which form of energy do we see with our eyes?

A. Heat energy B. Light energy C. Chemical energy D. Sound energy

6. Which of these produces sound energy?

A. A candle flame B. A radio C. The Sun D. A frying pan

7. What kind of energy is stored in food and fuel?

A. Kinetic energy B. Light energy C. Chemical energy D. Electrical energy

8. Flowing water has ______ energy.

A. Sound B. Kinetic C. Light D. Heat

9. Which of the following is NOT a renewable source of energy?

A. Oil B. Solar energy C. Wind energy D. Geothermal energy

10. When a battery powers a flashlight, which conversion happens?

A. Light → Chemical → Sound B. Chemical → Electrical → Light
C. Heat → Chemical → Kinetic D. Sound → Heat → Electrical

11. What kind of energy conversion happens when strumming a guitar?

A. Light → Heat B. Kinetic → Sound C. Chemical → Kinetic D. Sound → Heat

12. Which energy is used when drying clothes under the Sun?
A. Chemical energy B. Heat energy C. Sound energy D. Electrical energy

13. Which type of electricity comes from batteries and power plants?
A. Current electricity B. Static electricity C. Solar electricity D. Chemical electricity

14. What happens if there is no energy from the Sun?

A. More rain will fall B. Plants will grow faster
C. No photosynthesis or water cycle D. The Earth will become brighter

15. Which device changes sunlight into electricity?

A. Wind turbine B. Solar panel C. Generator D. Furnace

16. Which alternative energy comes from inside the Earth’s crust?
A. Wind energy B. Solar energy C. Geothermal energy D. Biomass energy

17. Which plant can be used to make biodiesel?

A. Cassava B. Sugarcane C. Jatropha D. Coconut

18. Which action shows saving fuel?

A. Driving alone everywhere B. Walking to school nearby
C. Leaving the car engine running D. Playing loud music in the car

19. Which energy conversion happens when a car uses gasoline to move?
A. Chemical → Kinetic B. Electrical → Heat C. Heat → Light D. Sound → Electrical

20. Which of these objects shows more than one kind of energy?
A. Candle flame (light and heat) B. A ball (only kinetic energy)
C. A battery (only chemical energy) D. A whistle (only sound energy)

21. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only ____________ from one form to another.

22. A flashlight changes ____________ energy in the battery into electrical energy and then into
____________ energy.

23. A car engine changes the ____________ energy of gasoline into ____________ energy that
makes the car move.

24. Strumming a guitar changes ____________ energy into ____________ energy.

25. An electric fan changes ___________ energy into ____________ energy.

26. An iron or rice cooker changes ____________ energy into ____________ energy.

27. A television changes electrical energy into ____________, ____________, and sometimes
____________.

28. In a hydropower station, the kinetic energy of flowing water is changed into ____________
energy by a generator.

29. A solar panel converts ____________ energy into ____________ energy.

30. When we eat food, the ____________ energy stored in it is changed into ___________ energy
for movement.