Lesson #2: Inferential Statistics Vs. Descriptive Statistics collected from an experiment, a survey, an historical record, etc.
An example
which is the first scenario that was given in the introduction of this lesson.
Introduction
On the other hand, Sarah boslaugh (Statistics in a Nutshell, 2012), Described
Observe the following scenarios.
statistical inferences as the science of characterizing or making decisions
Scenario #1: In a basketball game, the committee the average individual
about a population by using information from a sample drawn from that
performances of all players.
population.
Scenario #2: in connection to the first scenario, take a sample of the players
Figure 1 shows the difference between Descriptive and inferential statistics
then generalize the result of the players who played above average in the
game. Figure Descriptive Inferential
#1
What have you observed based on the two given scenarios?
1 Describing the target Making inferences from the
population. sample and generalize them to the
Objectives
population.
At the end of the lesson, the student would be able to:
2 Organize, analyze and Compares, test and predict future
Define the inferential and descriptive statistics present data in outcomes
meaningful manner
Determine the differences of inferential and descriptive statistics.
3 Final results are shown in Final result is the probability
Identify examples of inferential statistics and descriptive statistics. charts, tables and graphs. score.
Development 4 Describes the data which Tries to make a conclusions about
is already known. the population that is beyond the
According to David M. Lane (Introduction to Statistics, 2003), Descriptive data available
statistics is defined as numbers that are used to summarize and describe
5 Measures of central Hypothesis testing, analysis of
tendency, measures of variance
data. Where the word “data” refers to the information that has been
variation
Activity#1: Engage:
What type of statistic is needed?
What type of statistic (descriptive or inferential) would you employ to
Activity #2
answer the research questions below? Put a check mark on the
Write TRUE if the statement is true. If it its false, underline the word that
appropriate category for each scenario.
makes it incorrect then write the correct answer.
Descriptive Scenario inferential
1. Descriptive statistics uses tabular presentations to represent the
We would like to know how many Junior High data.
school students experience high stress levels.
2. According to Sara Boslaugh (Introduction to Statistics, 2003),
Descriptive statistics is defined as numbers that are used to
We would like to know whether female
students experience higher stress levels than
summarize and describe data.
male students.
3. Inferential Statistics uses the following methods: Analysis of
We would like to know what study strategies
Variance and Hypothesis testing.
are used by first year university students.
4. Inferential statistics organizes, test and predict future outcomes
5. “relationship between university students' study strategies and
We would like to know whether there is are a their academic results” this scenario represents an example of
relationship between university students'
study strategies and their academic results. inferential statistics.
Activity #3 Assimilate:
Write ten possible research topics that falls under descriptive statistics.
Identify whether the following research titles illustrate inferential or
Then re-write the topic as a topic under inferential statistics.
descriptive statistics.
Descriptive Inferential
1. Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on field instruction and remote
teaching alternatives: Results from a survey of instructors
2. Coping mechanism of the ACNSTHS students in terms of academic
stress: An evaluation.
3. The impact of COVID-19 on student achievement and what it may
mean for educators
4. A comparative study of the academic performance of grade 11
students from Antipolo City National Science and Technology
school year 2019- 2020 and grade 11 students from Antipolo City
National Science and Technology school year 2020-2021.
Coping mechanism of the ACNSTHS students in terms of academic
stress: An evaluation.
5. Analysis of the impacts of the Internet on an economy.