1
Sample design is a definite plan before any data are actually collected for
obtaining a sample from a given population.
Steps in Sample Design •Size of Sample
•Type of universe •Parameters of interest
•Sampling Unit •Budgetary Constraints
•Source list •Sampling Procedure
2
Samples can be either probability samples or non-probability samples.
Probability sampling is a sampling method that involves randomly
selecting a sample, or a part of the population that you want to research.
It is also sometimes called random sampling
Probability samples are collected through any of following method:-
Simple Random Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Cluster or Area Sampling
3
I. Simple random sampling
Simple random sampling gathers a random selection
from the entire population, where each unit has an
equal chance of selection
4
Systematic sampling draws a random sample from the
target population by selecting units at regular
intervals starting from a random point.
5
Stratified sampling collects a random selection of
a sample from within certain strata, or
subgroups within the population. Each subgroup
is separated from the others on the basis of a
common characteristic, such as gender, race, or
religion.
6
Cluster sampling is the process of dividing the target
population into groups, called clusters. A randomly
selected subsection of these groups then forms your
sample. Cluster sampling is an efficient approach when
you want to study large, geographically dispersed
populations. It usually involves existing groups that are
similar to each other in some way (e.g., classes in a
school).
7
There are two types of cluster sampling:
Single (or one-stage) cluster sampling, when
you divide the entire population into clusters
Multistage cluster sampling, when you divide
the cluster further into more clusters, in order
to narrow down the sample size.
8
Non-probability sampling are used in both quantitative and
qualitative research when the number of units in the population
is either unknown or impossible to individually identify.
TYPES-
Deliberate Sampling- Convenience Sampling
Purposive Sampling- Quota Sampling; Judgement Sampling
Snowball sampling
9
Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling
technique where samples are selected from the population
only because they are conveniently available to the
researcher.
Researchers choose these samples just because they are
easy to recruit, and the researcher did not consider
selecting a sample that represents the entire population.
10
If the researcher is interested in particular strata
within the population. Here is where quota
sampling helps in dividing the population into strata
or groups.
11
In the judgmental sampling method,
researchers select the samples based purely on
the researcher’s knowledge and credibility. In
other words, researchers choose only those
people who they deem fit to participate in the
research study.
12
Snowball sampling helps researchers find a sample when they are
difficult to locate.
Researchers use this technique when the sample size is small and
not easily available.
This sampling system works like the referral program.
Once the researchers find suitable subjects, he asks them for
assistance to seek similar subjects to form a considerably good
size sample.
13
When choosing a sample size, we must consider the following
parameters
What population parameters we want to estimate
Cost of sampling (importance of information)
How much is already known
Spread (variability) of the population
Practicality: how hard is it to collect data
How precise we want the final estimates to be
14