CLPC16-HEAT TRANSFER

TUTORIAL PROBLEMS
CONVECTION:
1. Air at a temperature of 26.2°C flows over a heated cylinder of 12.7 mm diameter and 4
mm length at a velocity of 10 m/s. If the surface of the cylinder is maintained at 128.4°C,
Calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient by using
i) Hilperts Correlation
ii) Whitakers Correlation
Solution:
i) Hilpert’s Equation:
Nu=C* Rem *Pr0.333
µ=|20.59-21.08| * 10-6 * (7.3/10) + |20.59*10-6| = 20.9477*10-6 Ns/m2
ρ=|1.029-1.000| * (7.3/10) - 1.029 = 1.00783 kg/m2
Pr=|0.694-0.692| * (7.3/10) – 0.694 = 0.69254
Re= ρvD/µ = (1.00783*10*12.7*10-3)/20.9477*10-6 = 6110.1891
Referring to Pg. 115 in Data book, c=0.193 and m=0.618
⸫ Nu= 0.193 * (6110.18)0.618 * (0.69254)0.333 = 37.3428
H=(Nu*k)/D= (37.3428*0.0302513)/(12.7*10-3) = 88.95032 W/m2K
Q=hA(Ts-T∞)= 88.9503246*π*12.7*10-3*94*10-3*102.2 = 34.076866 W
ii) Whitaker Correlation:
Nu=(0.4Re0.5+0.06Re0.67)*Pr0.4*(µ∞/µw)0.25
µw= |22.85-23.73| * 10-6 * (8.4/20) + (22.85*10-6) = 23.219*10-6 Ns/m2
µ∞= |18.14-18.63| * 10-6 * (6.2/10) + (18.14*10-6) = 18.4438*10-6 Ns/m2
(µw/µ∞)0.25 = (18.4438/23.2196)0.25 = 0.9440585
Re = ρvD/µ = (1.00783*10*12.7*10-3)/(20.977*10-6) = 6110.189854
Nu= [0.4(6110.189)0.5 + (0.06)(6110.189)0.67]*(0.69254)0.4*0.94405 = 42.309924
h = Nu*k/D = 42.309924*0.0302513/12.7*10-3 = 100.781906 W/m2K
Q = hA(Ts-T∞) = 100.7819067*π*12.7*10-3*94*10-2*102.2 = 38.60954 W

2. Air at 10°C flows across a bank of tubes 15 rows high and 5 rows deep at a velocity of 7
m/s measured at a point in the flow before the air enters the tube bank. The diameter of
the tubes is 2.54 cm, and they are arranged in the in-line manner so that the spacing in
both the normal and parallel directions to the flow is 1.5 D. Estimate the total heat
transfer per unit length for the tube bank and the exit air temperature if the surfaces of
the tubes are maintained at 65°C.
 Solution:
Nu = C*Ren
Nu= hD/k = C * (ρvD/µ)n * Pr1/3
Given in the question, spacing in both normal and parallel directions to the flow is 1.5D
⸫ St/D = 1.5 = Sl/D
From Data Book, C=0.250, n=0.620

Properties of the air are evaluated at the film temperature which at entrance to the tube bank
is,
Txf1= Tw+T∞/2 = 65+10/2 = 37.5°C = 310.5 K
ρ=P/RT= (1.0132*105)/287*310.5 = 1.137 kg/m3
µ=1.894*10-5 kg/ms
kf=0.027 W/m°C

To find maximum velocity, minimum flow area must be determined.

Ratio of the minimum flow area to the total frontal area is (Sn-d)/Sn.

umax = u∞*(Sn-d)/Sn = 7(3.81)/3.81-2.54 = 21 m/s

Re= ρumaxD/µ = 1.137*21*0.0254/1.894*10-5 = 32020
Heat transfer coefficient, h= (0.027)(0.278)(32020)0.62(0.706)1/3/(0.0254) = 164 W/m2°C
But for 5 rows deep, h = 164*0.92 = 150.88 W/m2°C
A = nπdl = 15*π*0.0254*5 = 5.985 m2
Air flow increases as the air flows through the tube bank.
q=hA(Tw-T∞) , where T∞ = T∞ 1+T∞2/2
𝑚̇ = 𝜌∞ 𝑢∞ (15)𝑆𝑛
⸫ q=hA(Tw – (T∞ 1+T∞2/2)) = 𝑚̇𝐶𝑝 (𝑇∞2 − 𝑇∞1 )
ρ∞ = P/RT∞ = 1.0132*105/(287*283) = 1.246 kg/m3
𝑚̇ = (1.2460)(7)(15)(0.0381) = 4.99 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
⸫ 0.92(164)(5.985)(65 – (10+T∞2/2)) = 4.99(1006)(T∞2-10)
⇒ T∞2 = 19.08°C
q = 4.99(1006)(19.08-10) = 45.6 kW/m

3. A vertical cylinder 5 cm diameter and 1 m length is maintained at a temperature of 65°C

in atmosphere of air at 15°C. Calculate the rate of heat loss by free convection form the
cylinder to air.

Given:
d = 5 cm, l = 1 m
Tw = 65°C
T∞ = 15°C
Film temperature, Tf = Tw+T∞/2 = 40°C
Properties of air at 40°C are (From Data book Pg. 34)
ρ = 1.128 kg/m3
ϑ = 16.96*10-6 m2/s
Pr = 0.669
k = 0.02756 W/mK
β = 1/Tf(K) = 1/313 = 3.194*10-3 K-1
 𝑔β𝐿3 ∆𝑇
𝐺𝑟 = ϑ2

= 9.81*3.19*10-3*1*(65-15)/(16.96*10-6)2 = 5.448*109
Gr*Pr = 5.448*109*0.609 = 3.317*109
Here, Gr*Pr > 109 which implies that the flow is turbulent.
⸫ h = 1.31(ΔT)0.333 (Pg. No 140)
= 1.31(50)0.333 = 4.819 W/m2K
Q = hA(Ts-T∞)
A = 2πr(r+h) = 2*3.14*(1+0.025)*0.025 = 0.1609 m2
⸫ Q = 4.819*0.1609*(65-15)
= 38.77 W

4. A refrigerant copper tube 12.5 mm diameter (OD) and 2 m long, maintained at -22°C is
exposed to air at 40°C. Compute the heat gain by the line due to
i) Free convection
ii) Forced convection if air at a velocity of 5 m/s is blown across the line.
Properties of air at 60°C are
ϑ = 1.696*10-5 m2/s
Pr = 0.699
k = 385 W/mK
i) Free Convection:
The formula is
Nu= C*(GrD*Pr)m
GrD= βgL3(Tw-T∞)/ϑ2
= 0.0034*9.81*(40+22)*8/(1.696*10-5)2 = 5.75*1010
GrD*Pr = 5.75*1010*0.699 = 4.02*1010
The corresponding c= 0.125 and m= 0.333
⸫ Nu = 0.125*(4.02*1010)0.333 = 424.769
h = Nu*k/L = 424.769*385/2 = 81768.116 W/m2K
Q = hAΔT = 81768.116*2*π*6.25*10-3*2*62 = 397965.422 W

ii) Forced Convection:

The formula is
NuD= CreDmPr0.333
ReD= 1.127*5*12.5*10-3/1.918*10-5
= 3672.4
⸫ NuD = 0.683*3672.4*0.466*(0.699)0.333 = 1037.45066
h= 1037.45*385/2 = 199709.2521 W/m2K
Q= hAΔT= 199709.2521*2*π*6.25*10-3*2*62 = 972477.9347 W
5. Compare the values of Nu given by empirical equation to that predicted by Reynolds,
Colburn, and Martinelli’s. Re=100000, f=0.0046, Tf=100°F, Tw=150°F, µ at 100°F and
150°F are 0.018 and 0.02 cP respectively. Pr=0.71. Missing data may suitably be
assumed.
Nu=0.023(NRe)0.8(NPr)1/3(µ/µ0)0.14
 Given:
Re= 100000
f= 0.0046
Tf = 100°F
Tw= 150°F
µ= 0.018*10-3 Pa.s
µ0= 0.02*10-3 Pa.s
i) Empirical Relation:
By Empirical relation,
Nu= 0.023*Re0.8Pr0.333*(µ/µ0)0.14
= 0.023*(100000)0.8*(0.71)0333*(0.018/0.02)0.14 = 202.18142
ii) Reynold’s prediction:
By Reynold’s prediction,
Nu= (0.027*Re4/5*Pr2/3)/(f/8)1/5 = 955.5845
iii) Colburn Prediction:
By Colburn Prediction,
Nu=0.023*(f/8)0.4*Re1/2*Pr1/3 = 0.328106
iv) Martinelli Prediction:
By Martinelli Prediction,
𝒇 𝑷𝒓
𝑵𝒖 = 𝟖 ∗ (𝑹𝒆 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎) ∗ 𝟐
𝒇 𝟎.𝟓
(𝟏+𝟏𝟐.𝟕∗( ) ∗(𝑷𝒓𝟑 −𝟏)
𝟖

= 43.0958737
⸫ Nu|Reynolds > Nu|Empirical > Nu|Martinelli > Nu|Colburn
6. Heat flux at a rate of 0.7 MW/m2 is supplied to a brass plate which is submerged
horizontally in water at atmospheric pressure. Estimate the surface temperature of the
plate in nucleate boiling.
For nucleate boiling,

From given,
Q/A = 0.7*106 W/m2
hfg = 2256.9 kJ/kg
ρl = 1000 kg/m3
ρv = 600 kg/m3
σ = 0.0588 N/m
c1 = 4200 J/kgK
Tsat = 373 K
csf = 0.489*10-9 (SI unit)
Pr = 6.9 (for water)
n = 0.4 (for heating water)
µ1 = 0.8*10-4 kg/ms
By substituting the given values,
0.7*106 = 0.8*10-4*2256.9*1000*(9.8*(1000-600)/0.0588)0.5*(4200*ΔT/0.4889*10-
9
*2256.9*1000*6.90.4)3
⇒ (ΔT)3 = 2.77*1018
ΔT = 1.4048*106 = TS – TSat = TS – 373
⸫ TS = 1405258.392 K
7. A 4 cm O.D, 1 m long tube is to be used to condense steam at atmospheric pressure. The
water flows inside the tube maintaining the wall surface at 60°C. Estimate the mass of
condensate for the tube in

i) Horizontal position
ii) Vertical position

To estimate the mass of condensate, we need to determine the heat transfer rate from
the steam to water flowing inside the tube. We can use the following equation to
calculate the heat transfer rate.
Q = U*A*ΔTLM
For the condensation of steam at atmospheric pressure, the overall heat transfer
coefficient can be estimated using,

(𝐤 𝟏 ∗𝐡𝐟𝐠 ∗𝐆)𝟏/𝟐
𝐔=
𝐤 𝟐 ∗𝐝

Where k1 and k2 are constants depending on the properties of fluids, hfg is latent heat
of vaporization, G is the mass flow rate of steam and d is the diameter.
For water flowing inside the tube, the Nusselt number can be estimated using the
following correlation for laminar flow.
Nu= 3.66
The heat transfer area is calculated by
A = π*D*L
ΔT = (ΔT1 -ΔT2)/(ln ΔT1 - ln ΔT2 )
Where, ΔT1 is temperature difference between steam and tube wall and ΔT2 is
temperature difference between tube wall and water.
i) For horizontal position, we can assume that the water flows through the tube
in a single-phase turbulent flow regime.
Nu = 0.023*Re0.8*Pr0.3
Assuming water flow rate of 0.1 kg/s and steam flow rate of 0.05 kg/s,
Re = G*D/µ = 2739
Pr = µ*Cp/k = 5.44
⸫ Nu = 163.2
h = k*Nu/D = 753.9 W/m2K
From the correlation for overall heat transfer coefficient,
U = 1887.9 W/m2K
ΔT1 = TS – Tw = 100 – 60 = 40 K
 ΔT2 = Tw - Tw,in = 60 – 20 = 40 K
Therefore, ΔTLM = 26.09 K
Q = U*A*ΔTLM = 802.6 W
m = Q/hfg = 0.0085 kg/s = 30.6 kg/hr
ii) For vertical position,
Nu correlation for laminar flow,
Nu = 3.66
h=k*Nu/D = 345.4 W/m2K
(k1 ∗hfg ∗G)1/2
U= = 555.6 W/m2K
k2 ∗d

ΔTLM = 26.09 K
Q = U*A*ΔT = 422.2 W
m = Q/hfg = 0.0045 kg/s = 16.2 kg/hr
Q) Why ‘h’ is more in horizontal condenser than vertical condenser?
In horizontal condenser, the flow is likely to be turbulent because of greater potential for
horizontal fluid motion that can induce turbulence.
On the other hand, in a vertical condenser, flow is more likely to be laminar because of
gravity driven flow, which induces more stable, ordered flow pattern.
We know that turbulent flow provides more efficient heat transfer and heat transfer rate than
laminar flow due to fluctuations in it.
So, here Nusselt number for horizontal condenser is greater than that of vertical condenser.
As ‘h’ is directly proportional to Nu, h increases with increasing Nu.
Hence, ‘h’ is more in horizontal condenser than vertical.

SET 2
Q) Counter flow heat exchanger is used to cool 2200 kg/hr of oil, whose Cp = 2.5 kJ/kgK from
100°C to 38°C by using water, which is entering at 70°C. Overall heat transfer coefficient is 1.5
kW/m2K. Make the calculations for water flow rate, surface area required and the effectiveness
of heat exchanger. Assume the exit temperature is not to exceed 85°C. (Use effectiveness NTU
method)
Given:
𝑚̇oil = 2200kg/hr; Cpoil = 2.5kJ/kgK; Thi = 100°C; Tho = 35°C; Tci = 70°C; Tco = 85°C; U0=1.5 kW/m2K
Qoil = 2200*2.5*(100-35) = 412800 kJ/hr
Qwater = 𝑚̇water*Cpwater*dT
⇒ 𝑚̇water = 412800/(4.187*15) = 1417.2 kg/hr
(Thi− Tci)−(Tho− Tco)
ΔTLMTD = Thi− Tci
ln ( )
Th0− Tco
 = 30 – (-50)/ln(30/-50) = 52.4°C
A = Q/U0*ΔTLMTD = 412800/(1.5*52.4) = 5277.5 m2
NTU = UA/Cmin
Cc= 1417.2*4.187 = 5923.896 W/K = Cmax
Ch = 2200*2.5 = 5500 W/K = Cmin
C = Cmin/ Cmax = 5500/5923.896 = 0.928
NTU = UA/ Cmin = 1.5*5277.5/5500 = 1.439
1−exp (−𝑁𝑇𝑈∗(1−𝐶))
ε= = 1-exp(-1.439*0.072)/1-(0.928*exp(-1.439*0.072)) = 0.6023
1−(𝐶∗exp(−𝑁𝑇𝑈∗(1−𝐶)))

Q) Home air conditioning system uses counter flow heat exchanger to cool air at 0.8 kg/s from
45°C to 15°C. The cooling is done by stream of cooling water that flows in at a rate of 0.5 kg/s
and temperature of 8°C. The overall heat transfer coefficient, U = 35 W/m2K. Calculate the heat
exchanger area required. If the same air flow is maintained while flow rate of water is reduced
by half, how much will the reduction be there in overall heat exchange area? (Use E-NTU
method)
Given:
Thi = 45°C; Tho = 15°C; Tci = 8°C; mair = 0.8 kg/s; mwater = 0.5 kg/s; Cpair = 1 kJ/kgK
Ch = 0.8*1 = 0.8 kW/K; Cc = 0.5*4.187 = 2.09 kW/K
C = Cmin/Cmax = 0.8/2.09 = 0.38
Qact = Ch*(Thi - Tho) = 0.8*30 = 24 kW
Qmax = Ch*(Thi – Tci) = 0.8*37 = 29.6 kW
ε = Qact/Qmax = 24/29.6 = 0.81
1−exp (−𝑁𝑇𝑈∗(1−𝐶))
ε = 1−(𝐶∗exp(−𝑁𝑇𝑈∗(1−𝐶)))

Let t = exp(−𝑁𝑇𝑈 ∗ (1 − 𝐶))

⸫ 0.81 = (1-t)/(1- 0.38*t)
⇒ t = 0.28
By solving, we get NTU= 0.92
NTU= UA/Cmin
⸫ A = 0.92*800/35 = 21.03 m2
Now, if water flow rate is reduced by half, mwater = 0.25 kg/s
C = Cmin/Cmax = 0.8/1.05 = 0.76
Effectiveness will be same in both cases i.e ε = 0.81
1−exp (−𝑁𝑇𝑈∗(1−𝐶))
ε = 1−(𝐶∗exp(−𝑁𝑇𝑈∗(1−𝐶)))
By doing similar calculations as above, we get NTU = 0.39
⸫ A = 0.39*800/35 = 8.91 m2
Reduction in area = (21.03-8.91)/21.03 = 57.63%
Q) In a crossflow heat exchanger, heat exhausted gases having Cp of 1000 kJ/kgK, entering at
300°C is used to heat water flowing at 1 kg/s available at 35°C. ‘U’ based on gas side surface
area is 1000 W/m2K. Using NTU method, estimate the required gas side surface area.
Given:
m=1 kg/s; Cphot= 1000 J/kgK; Cpcold= 4182 J/kgK; ΔT = Thot – Tcold = 300 – 35 = 265 K
Qhot = mCphotΔT = 1*1000*265 = 265 kW
Qcold = mCpcoldΔT = 1*4182*265 = 1108.23 kW
Effectiveness, ε = Qhot/Qcold = 265/1108.23 = 0.239
NTU=UA/Cmin
U=1000 W/m2K
Cmin=Q/ΔT = 265000/265 = 1000 J/kgK
⸫ NTU=A
1−exp (−𝑁𝑇𝑈∗(1+𝐶))
ε= 1+𝐶

C=Cmin/Cmax = 1000/4182 = 0.2391

0.239(1+0.2391)=1-exp(-NTU(1+0.2391))
⇒ NTU=1.185
⸫ The required gas side area of heat exchanger is 1.185 m2
Q) Saturated steam at 120°C is condensing on outer tube of single pass heat exchanger with Uo =
1800 W/m2K. Determine the surface area of heat exchanger capable of heating 1000 kg/hr of
water from 20°C to 90°C. Also, calculate the rate of condensation of steam.
Given:
U0 = 1800 W/m2K; Thi = Th0 = 120°C; Tci = 20°C Tc0 =90°C; 𝑚̇=1000 kg/hr
For heat exchangers,
Q=U0*A*ΔTLMTD - 1
(Thi− Tci)−(Tho− Tco)
ΔTLMTD= Thi− Tci
ln ( )
Th0− Tco

100−30
= 100 = 58.1408
ln( )
30

We know that Q = 𝑚̇CpdT - 2

Equating 1 and 2, we get
1800*A*58.1408 = 1000*4187*70/3600
 ⸫ A=0.7779 m2
Q = 1800*0.7779*58.1408 = 81.413 kW
Q = mh*ΔHE
So, mh = Q/ΔHE = 81.413/2185 = 0.0372 kg/s (⸪ ΔHE of water = 2185 kJ/kg)
Q) In a concentric tube counter flow heat exchanger, water flows through inner tube having
inner diameter 25 mm at a rate of 12 kg/min, while oil flows through outer tube of OD 45 mm
and at a rate of 6 kg/min. Inlet oil and water temperatures are 100°C and 30°C respectively. Oil
outer temperature is 60°C. Overall heat transfer coefficient is 37.8 W/m2K. What should be the
length of HE. Cp of oil = 2130 J/kgK and that of water is 4178 J/kgK.
Given:
mwater=0.2 kg/s; moil=0.1 kg/s; Thi=100°C; Tho=60°C; Tci=30°C
moilCpoildToil = mwaterCpwaterdTwater
0.1*2130*(100-60) = 0.2*4178*(Tco-30)
⇒ Tco=40.2°C
(Thi− Tci)−(Tho− Tco)
ΔTLMTD= Thi− Tci = 59.8-30/ln(59.8/30) = 43.2°C
ln ( )
Th0− Tco

A = Q/UΔTLMTD = 0.1*2130*40/(37.8*43.2) = 5.217 m2

Π*D*L = 5.217
⇒ L = 5.217/ Π*0.025 = 66.43 m
Q) Oil cooler of concentration type has oil at 65.6°C to 54.4°C with water available at 26.7°C
with the temperature rise of 11.1°C assuming overall heat transfer of 738 W/m2K based on outer
area of tube, determine the heat transfer area with a design load of 190.6 kW for,
i) parallel flow
ii) counter flow
Thi=65.6°C; Tho=54.4°C; Tci=26.7°C; Tco=37.8°C; U0=738 W/m2K
Parallel flow:
ΔT1=65.6-54.4 = 11.2°C ; ΔT2=26.7+11.1-54.4 = -16.6°C
ΔTLMTD= 11.2+16.6/ln(11.2/16.6) = 25°C
A=Q/UΔT = 190.5/(738*25) = 10.2 m2
Counter flow:
ΔT1=65.6-26.7 = 38.9°C ; ΔT2=54.4-11.1-26.7 = 16.6°C
ΔTLMTD= 38.9-16.6/ln(38.9/16.6) = 26.1°C
A=Q/UΔT = 190.5/(738*26.1) = 8.0 m2
Q) A heat exchanger has 17.5 m2 area available for heat transfer. It is used for cooling oil at
200°C by using water available at 20°C. The mass flow and specific heat of oil are 10000 kg/hr
and 1.9 kJ/kgK and the mass flow and specific heat of water are 3000 kg/hr and 4187 J/kgK. If
the overall heat transfer coefficient is 300 W/m2K, estimate the outlet temperatures of oil and
water for parallel and counterflow arrangements by using,
a) LMTD method
b) NTU method
a) LMTD method:
Given:
Thi=200°C; Tci=20°C
Parallel arrangement:
To arrive at an initial approximation for Q, we find the value of Q for which the quantity Tho-Tco = 0,
since it cannot be negative.
Tho=Thi – Q/Ch = 200 – Q/(19000/3600)
Tco=Tci + Q/Cc = 20 + Q/(12561/3600)
Tho-Tco = 0 ⇒ Tho = Tco
200 – Q/(19000/3600) = 20 + Q/(12561/3600)
Solving for Q, we get Q = 378.092 kW
Also, Qmax = Cmin(Thi-Tci) = 628.05 kW
⸫ Effectiveness, ε = 0.602
This is the upper limit on Q and ε, as Tho-Tco should be greater than 0.
To estimate the outlet temperatures, we follow an iterative procedure.
i) Assume Q
ii) Calculate ΔTLMTD from the formula, Q=UAΔTLMTD
iii) Using Q, find Tho and Tco using the energy balance equation
iv) Calculate ΔTLMTD using Tho and Tco
v) Check for agreement
First iteration:
i) Let ε = 0.59 ⇒ Q=370.55 kW
ii) Q=UAΔTLMTD ⇒ ΔTLMTD = Q/UA = 370.55*100/300*17.5 = 70.58°C
iii) Tco = Tci + Q/Cc ⇒ Tco = 20 + 370.55*3600/12561 = 126.2°C
Tho = Thi – Q/Ch ⇒ Tho = 200 – 370.55*3600/19000 = 129.79°C
(Thi− Tci)−(Tho− Tco)
iv) ΔTLMTD= Thi− Tci = 50.17°C
ln ( )
Th0− Tco
v) Clearly, the value of ΔTLMTD obtained is not in agreement
Repeating similarly for successive iterations,

ε Q (kW) ΔTLMTD (°c) Tho (°c) Tco (°c) ΔTLMTD (°c) Agree?
0.59 370.55 70.58 129.79 126.2 50.17 No
 0.58 364.27 69.38 130.98 124.4 52.41 No
0.57 357.99 68.19 132.17 122.6 58.08 No
0.56 351.71 66.99 133.36 120.8 62.89 No
0.55 345.43 65.8 134.55 119 67.15 Yes
0.54 339.15 64.6 135.74 117.2 71.03 No

⸫ The outlet temperatures of oil and water are estimated to be 134.55°C and 119°C respectively using
iterative LMTD method.
Counterflow arrangement:
The same iterative procedure is followed with some modifications.
(Thi− Tco)−(Tho− Tci)
ΔTLMTD= Thi− Tco
ln ( )
Th0− Tci

The initial value of Q is taken to be 345.43 kW (ε=0.55), and then increased for successive iterations,
since counterflow arrangement is more effective than parallel arrangement.

ε Q (kW) ΔTLMTD (°c) Tho (°c) Tco (°c) ΔTLMTD (°c) Agree?
0.55 345.43 65.8 134.55 119 96.81 No
0.57 357.99 68.19 132.17 122.6 93.71 No
0.59 370.55 70.58 129.79 126.2 90.61 No
0.61 383.11 72.97 127.41 129.8 87.49 No
0.63 395.67 75.37 125.03 133.4 84.36 No
0.65 408.23 77.76 122.65 137 81.22 No
0.66 414.51 78.95 121.46 138.8 79.64 Yes
0.67 420.79 80.15 120.27 140.6 78.06 No

The outlet temperature of oil and water are estimated to be 121.46°C and 138.8°C respectively
using iterative LMTD method.
b) NTU method:
Cmin= 12561 kJ/hrK = 3.49 kW/K
Qmax=628.05 kW
NTU=UA/Cmin= 0.3*17.5/3.49 = 1.505
C=Cmin/Cmax = 12561/19000 = 0.661
Parallel arrangement:

By substituting, we get, ε = 0.553

Q=εQmax = 0.553*628.05 = 347.31 kW
Tho=Thi- Q/Ch = 200 – (347.31)/(19000/3600) = 134.19°C
Tco=Tci – Q/Cc = 20 + (347.31)/(12561/3600) = 119.54°C
Counterflow arrangement:
By substituting, we get, ε = 0.663
Q=εQmax = 0.663*628.05 = 416.4 kW
Tho=Thi- Q/Ch = 200 – (416.4)/(19000/3600) = 121.1°C
Tco=Tci – Q/Cc = 20 + (416.4)/(12561/3600) = 139.34°C

Q) Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient based on outer area of a pipe with 5.25 cm ID
and 6.03 cm OD, exposed to air at 20°C. Hot water at 98°C flows through pipe at a velocity of 15
m/s. Given, inside heat transfer coefficient, hi = 1961 W/m2K, outside heat transfer coefficient, h
ho = 7.91 W/m2K, thermal conductivity of steel = 54 W/mK

Rfo= 0.0003525 m2K/W for industrial air

Rfi= 0.0001754 m2K/W for treated boiler feed water at 98°C
Substituting in the equation,
1/U0 = (1/1961)+0.0003525+(6.03*10-2/2*54)ln(6.03/5.25)+(6.03/5.25)+0.0001754+(6.03/5.25*7.91)
1/U0 = 0.1276 m2K/W
⇒ U0 = 7.835 W/m2K