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## Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)
1. Which of the following solutions will show the maximum elevation in boiling point?
(a) 0.1 M KCl
(b) 0.1 M BaCl₂
(c) 0.1 M FeCl₃
(d) 0.1 M urea
2. The solubility of a gas in liquid increases with:
(a) Increase in temperature
(b) Decrease in temperature
(c) Decrease in pressure
(d) Increase in pressure
3. Which of the following is an example of a solution showing negative deviation from Raoult's
law?
(a) Benzene + Toluene
(b) Acetone + Chloroform
(c) Ethanol + Acetone
(d) n-Hexane + n-Heptane
4. A solution of sucrose (molar mass = 342 g/mol) is prepared by dissolving 68.4 g of it in 1000
g of water. The freezing point of the solution is: (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg/mol)
(a) -0.372°C
(b) -0.186°C
(c) 0.372°C
(d) 0.186°C
5. Which of the following is not a colligative property?
(a) Osmotic pressure
(b) Elevation in boiling point
(c) Depression in freezing point
(d) Vapour pressure of the solution
6. The vant Hoff factor (i) for a 0.1 M BaCl₂ solution at 25°C is 2.74. The percentage dissociation
of BaCl₂ is:
(a) 87%
(b) 74%
(c) 37%
(d) 13.7%
7. Which of the following is a solid in gas type of solution?
(a) Camphor in nitrogen gas
(b) Salt in water
(c) Oxygen in water
(d) Iodine in alcohol
8. An ideal solution is formed when its components:
(a) Have similar molecular masses
(b) Have similar molecular structures
(c) Have similar intermolecular forces
(d) All of the above
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## Section B: Numerical Problems (2 marks each)
1. Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 1.5 g of a polymer (molar
mass = 185,000 g/mol) in 500 mL of water at 27°C. (R = 0.0821 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹)
2. A solution containing 18 g of glucose (molar mass = 180 g/mol) in 1 kg of water is cooled to
-0.186°C. What is the molality of the solution? (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg/mol) Also, find the mass
of glucose that must be dissolved in 100 g of water to lower the freezing point by 1 K.
3. The vant Hoff factor (i) for 0.1 M AlCl₃ solution is 3.4. Calculate the degree of dissociation of
AlCl₃.
4. A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar (molar mass = 342 g/mol) in water has a freezing
point of 271 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose (molar mass = 180 g/mol) in water.
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg/mol)
5. The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 640 mm Hg. A non-volatile
solid weighing 2.175 g is added to 39.0 g of benzene. The vapour pressure of the solution is
600 mm Hg. What is the molar mass of the solid?
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## Section C: Conceptual Questions (2 marks each)
1. Explain why the boiling point of a solution is higher than that of the pure solvent. How is it
related to the molality of the solution?
2. What are azeotropes? Give an example of a minimum boiling azeotrope and explain why it
cannot be separated by simple distillation.
3. Define ideal solution and write two characteristics. How does the behaviour of an ideal
solution differ from a non-ideal solution showing positive deviation?
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## Section D: Assertion and Reason Type Questions (2 marks each)
**Instructions:** In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
1. **Assertion (A):** The vapour pressure of a solution containing a non-volatile solute is lower
than that of the pure solvent.
**Reason (R):** The presence of non-volatile solute lowers the escaping tendency of solvent
molecules.
2. **Assertion (A):** Acetone and chloroform form a solution showing negative deviation from
Raoult's law.
**Reason (R):** The molecules of acetone and chloroform are held together by hydrogen
bonding.