Design of restrained beams
Out-of-plane deformation is restrained: no global buckling
Independ of beam length: section capacity (not member capacity)
Shear force diagram and bending moment diagram for beams (some examples)
Sag moment: bottom under tension
Hog moment: top under tension
Summary
1. Shear capacity
2. Moment capacity
3. Shear buckling (depends on d/t ratio)
4. Web bearing and web buckling (plate girder) (self-learning)
5. Deflection check (SLS) (self-learning)
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Shear capacity
Shear stress in I-section
Tensile and compressive strength vs shear strength
Illustration of Av, see Figure 7.1 in design code
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Stress development in sections under bending
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Plastic section modulus
Geometric property
Mp = py*S
S: plastic section modulus, also called “first moment of area”
S = summation of the area times distance to the plastic neutral axis (N.A.)
Plastic N.A. is the equal area axis
For symmetric section, PNA is the centroid line
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Elastic section modulus
My = py*Z
Z is called elastic section modulus
Z=I/c
I: second moment of an area; c: is the distance from the elastic neutral axis to the outermost fibre
Elastic neutral axis:
For symmetrical section, elastic N.A. is the centroid line
Second moment of area of some typical sections about their elastic NA
Second moment of area of a section about a reference axis (Ix=1/12*b*h3+Ad2)
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Moment capacity
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Shear buckling
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E1: Section properties (1)
Shape factor = S/Z
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E2: Section properties (2)
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E3: Simply supported beam under mid-span point load
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E4: Design of a cantilever
Factored uniformly distributed load
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E5: Design of beam in two-way floor
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E6: Design of beam at the one way typical floor system
Assumption for this example: supporting effect of gridline B beam on the gridline ② beam is ignored.
(need to consider this in practice)
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