Structured Programming Language

CSE 1203

Introduction

Prepared by
Lt Col Gautom Kumar, psc, Sigs
Associate Professor, Dept. of CSE
Bangladesh University of Professionals
Arithmatic Operators
Operator Name Example
+ Addition 7 + 8, x + y
- Subtraction/unary minus 17 - 11, x - 6
* Multiplication 12 * 13, x * 3
/ Division 18 / 3, x / y
% Modulus 17 % 3, x % 2

2
Sample Program Arithmatic Operator

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int var, var1=9, var2=7;
var = var1 + var1 * var2;
var = var2 – var1 / var2;
var = var1 % var2; //var  2
var1 = – var1; //var1 = var1 * -1;
}

3
Relational Operators
Operator Name Example
> Greater than x>y
< Less than 11 < 17, x < 6
>= Greater than or equal x >= y
<= Less than or equal x <= y
!= Not equal to x != y
== Equal to x == y

4
Sample Program
Relational Operator

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int var, var1=9, var2=7;
var = var1 > var2; //var  1
var = var1 == var2; //var  0
var = var1 != var2 //var  1
var = var1 % 2 == 0 //var  0
}

5
Logical Operators
Operator Name Example
! NOT !(x > y)
&& AND x < 6 && x > 2
|| OR x >= y || a<=b

6
Sample Program
Logical Operator

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int var, var1=9, var2=7;
var = 9 > 7 && var1 != var2; // var  1
var = (var1 == 7) && (var1 > var2); // var  0
var = var1==7 || var2==7; // var  1
var = !(var1 == var2) ; // var  1
}

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Bitwise Operators
Operator Name Example
~ bitwise Complement ~var
& bitwise AND var1 & var2
| bitwise OR var1 | var2
^ bitwise XOR var1 ^ var2
<< Left shift var1 << 1
>> Right Shift var2 >> 2

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Assignment Operators
Operator Name Example Meaning
= Assignment Var = 7; Var  7
++ Increment and Assignment var++; var = var + 1;
-- Decrement and Assignment Var--; var = var – 1;
+= Add and assign var += 7; var = var + 7;
–= Subtract and assign var –= var1; var = var – var1;
*= Multiply and assign var *= 7; var = var * 7;
/= Divide and assign var /= var1; var = var / var1;
%= Take modulus and assign var %= var1; var = var % var1;
|= bitwise OR and assign var |= var1; var = var | var1;
&= bitwise AND and assign var &= var1; var = var & var1;
^= bitwise XOR and assign var ^= var1; var = var ^ var1;
<<= Left shift and assign var <<= 2; var = var << 2;
>>= Right shift and assign var >>= var1; var = var >> var1;
9
 Constant

➢Four types:
➢Integer constant: 10, 12, -7

➢Floating point constant: 0.12, 12E-3

➢Character constant: ‘a’ ‘A’ Single Quotation

➢String constant: “Hello” Double Quotation

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 Sample Program

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
char ch; Input
scanf(“ %c”, &ch);
R
printf(“%c”, ch);
printf(“%d”, ch); Output
R
} 82

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 Sample Program (cont.)

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
char ch;
ch = ‘R’;
printf(“%c”, ch);
printf(“%d”, ch); Output
R
} 82

15
 Sample Program

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
char ch; Input
scanf(“ %d”, &ch);
65
printf(“%c”, ch);
printf(“%d”, ch); Output
A
} 65

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 Function
• Syntax:
• return_type function_name(datatype perameter_name, …){
• statements;
•}
 Variable
• Names that point to some memory location.
• Variable must be declared before use.
• Declaration: announcing the properties of variables to the
compiler.
• Properties: 1. Size of the variable, 2. Name
• Int var;
 Data type
• Data type defines the memory to be taken.
• It depends on the machine.
• For integers, it can be 2 to 8 bytes.
• We can assign a value while declaring, which is called
initialization.
• int var = 50;
• While updating the value of the variable, we do not need to add
the data type.
• We can assign the value of a variable with another variable.
• int b = a;
 Variable naming
• Case sensitive
• No numbers at the front
• No special characters like @, #, %, ^
 Output Function
• printf() is the output function.
• It can take at least one to many arguments.
• printf(“aaa”);
• printf(“%d %d”, a, b);
• %d is the placeholder for a variable. (d stands for decimal)
• %d is used for integer variables
• Most common placeholders used in C as follows.
• Specifiers
• %c - a character
• %s - a string
• %d - a decimal integer
• %o - an octal integer
• %x - a hexadecimal integer
• %p - an address (pointer)
• %f - for floats
• %lf – for double
• Filed width and precision
• %06d would print 456 like ;- 000456).
• %.6d would print 4.56 like ;- 4.560000)
• Escape Sequences.
• more often used /t, /n
• Large numbers
• Long long int - %lld
• Long double - %Lf
 Input
• In C programming, scanf() is one of the commonly used
function to take input from the user. The scanf() function reads
formatted input from the standard input such as keyboards.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float num1;
double num2;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%f", &num1);
printf("Enter another number: ");
scanf("%lf", &num2);
printf("num1 = %f\n", num1);
printf("num2 = %lf", num2);
return 0;
}
 Solve the following problems
1. Write a C program to display “This is my first C Program”.
2. Write a C Program to display your Id, Name, Dept. Name and University Name
followed by a newline.
3. Write a C program to add two numbers (2 and 6) and display its sum.
4. Write a C program to multiply two numbers (4 and 5) and display its product.
5. Write a C program to add two numbers (5 and 8) and display its sum like (5 + 8 =
13).
6. Write a C program to input two numbers and display those numbers.
7. Write a C Program to input two numbers as input and display its sum.
8. Write a C Program to input two numbers as input and display its product.
9. Write a C Program to input two float numbers as input and display its sum
[Follow the printing style of problem 5].