UNIT I.
KINEMATICS OF RIGID BODIES: RECTILINEAR MOTION
Overview
This unit will discuss the definition of kinematics quantities, derive the three
rectilinear motion equations with constant acceleration from the three basic concepts of
kinematics and also discuss Erratic motion. Knowledge in differential and integral calculus
is important for the discussion on this particular topic.
Learning Objectives
At the end of the module, I am able to:
1.) Define the kinematic quantities. The concept of the kinematic quantities should be
understood, and not confused.
2.) Derive the three equations for rectilinear motion with constant acceleration from
the three basic kinematics equation
3.) Study rectilinear erratic motion with piecewise function and motion graph.
4.) Explain the problem-solving strategy for problems involving constant acceleration
and erratic motion.
Topics
1.1. Kinematic Equations
1.2. Rectilinear Motion with Constant Acceleration
1.3. Rectilinear Erratic Motion
1
Lesson Proper
KINEMATICS OF RIGID BODIES: RECTILINEAR MOTION
Rectilinear Motion
Mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences concerned with the state of rest or
motion of bodies subjected to the action of forces. Engineering mechanics is divided into
two areas of study: statics and dynamics. In static, we look how a system performs under
the actions of balanced forces. In other words, we study systems when they are in
equilibrium. Example of systems we study under the condition of equilibrium include
everything from simple systems like tables and chairs, to more complex system like massive
bridges. And in dynamics, we look at bodies in motion under the action of unbalanced
forces. This means we are going to deal with systems that accelerate. When we go out for a
run from standing, we apply forces to our body so it can accelerate. When start driving, we
start accelerating our car. When a plane takes off, or lands, it is subjected to acceleration.
Dynamics has two distinct parts, kinematics and kinetics. Kinetics treats only the
motion of an object and does not consider the force that caused the motion and the kinetics
it is the kinetics that study the force that causing the motion.
Rectilinear Motion: Continuous Motion
Rectilinear Kinematics refers to straight motion. In kinematics we are going to deal
with displacement, velocity, acceleration and time. These are also called kinematic
quantities.
Position
It specifies the location of a point at any given instant of time, positive if the point is
located at the right of origin, negative if located at the left of the origin (by conventional
number line).
-s +s
0
Displacement
It measures the change of position after some time from initial point. Positive if the
final position is on the right of the initial point and negative if the final postion is on left of
the initial point.
-Δs +Δs
initial
0 point
2
Velocity
It is a physical vector quantity, velocity of an object is the rate of change of its
position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time.
𝑑𝑠
𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑣 =
𝑑𝑡
VELOCITY ∆𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑠𝑜
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 = =
∆𝑡 𝑡 − 𝑡𝑜
𝑑𝑣
𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑎 =
𝑑𝑡
ACCELERATION
∆𝑣 𝑣 − 𝑣𝑜
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑒 = =
∆𝑡 𝑡 − 𝑡𝑜
Acceleration
It is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time in a particular direction.
Fundamental Equations:
Let
𝑠 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑣 = 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑎 = 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Δs 𝑑𝑠
𝑣 = lim =
Δt−0 Δt 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠
𝑣=
𝑑𝑡
Δv 𝑑𝑣
𝑎 = lim =
Δt−0 Δt 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
𝑎=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠
𝑣
= 𝑑𝑡
𝑎 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑡
𝑣 𝑑𝑠
=
𝑎 𝑑𝑡
𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎𝑑𝑠
3
Rectilinear Kinematics with Constant Acceleration
Many motions that occur in real world, involves a constant acceleration, it happens
when a certain body or mass is acted upon by a constant force, such as free fall or when a
vehicle applies it brakes.
In deriving our equation, we are going to make “ a “ acceleration as a constant value.
𝑑𝑣
𝑎=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎𝑑𝑡
𝑣 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑎𝑑𝑡
𝑣𝑜 0
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 “𝑡”
vo = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
[𝑣]𝑣𝑣𝑜 = 𝑎(𝑡)]𝑡0
𝑣 − 𝑣𝑜 = 𝑎𝑡
𝒗 = 𝒗𝒐 + 𝒂𝒕
𝑑𝑠
𝑣=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑡
Substituting; 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑠 = (𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ (𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0 0
𝑡 𝑡
𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣𝑜 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑎𝑡𝑑𝑡
0 0
𝟏
𝒔 = 𝒗𝒐 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎𝑑𝑠
4
𝑣 𝑠
∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑎𝑑𝑠
𝑣𝑜 0
𝑣2
[ ]𝑣𝑣𝑜 = 𝑎𝑠
2
𝑣 2 − 𝑣𝑜2
= 𝑎𝑠
2
𝒗𝟐 − 𝒗𝟐𝒐 = 𝟐𝒂𝒔
Examples:
1. The car on the left in the photo and in moves in a straight line such that for a short time
its velocity is defined by 𝑣 = (𝑡 2 + 2𝑡)𝑚/𝑠, where t is in seconds. Determine its position and
acceleration when 𝑡 = 4𝑠. When 𝑡 = 0, 𝑠 = 0.
Solution:
𝑑𝑥
𝑣= = (𝑡 2 + 2𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑥 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑡 2 + 2𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0 0
𝑡 3 2𝑡 2
𝑠 = +
3 2
When t = 4s
43 2(4)2
𝑠 = + = 𝟑𝟕 𝒎
3 2
𝑑𝑣 𝑑
𝑎= = (𝑡 2 + 2𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑎 = 2𝑡 + 2
When t= 4s
a = 2(4) + 2 = 10 m/s2
5
2. Let’s consider the package we introduced at the beginning. At point A the package is
released from rest. It has constant acceleration (4.8𝑚/𝑠2) as it moves down section AB and
CD. The velocity between B and C is constant. The velocity at point D is 7.2 𝑚/𝑠. Determinde
the distance 𝑑 and the time required to reach at point D.
Solution:
For A – B and C – D we have
𝑣 2 = 𝑣𝑜2 + 2𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 )
Then, at B
2
𝑣𝐵𝐶 = 0 + 2(4.8𝑚/𝑠 2 )(3𝑚 − 0)
𝑣𝐵𝐶 = 5.366 𝑚/𝑠
And at D
𝑣𝐷2= 2
𝑣𝐵𝐶+ 2𝑥𝐶𝐷 (𝑥𝐷 − 𝑥𝐶 ) ; 𝑑 = (𝑥𝐷 − 𝑥𝐶 )
𝑜𝑟
7.22 = 5.3662 + 2(4.8)(𝑑)
𝒅 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟎𝒎
For A – B and C – D we have
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡
Then A – B
5.366 = 0 + (4.8)(𝑡𝐴𝐵 )
𝑡𝐴𝐵 = 1.11804𝑠
And C – D
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
7.2 = 5.366 + 4.8 ( 𝑡𝐶𝐷 )
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠2
𝑡𝐶𝐷 = 0.38196 𝑠
Now, for B – C, we have
𝑥𝑐 = 𝑥𝐵 + 𝑣𝐵𝐶 𝑡𝐵𝐶
or
3𝑚 = 5.366𝑡𝐵𝐶
or
𝑡𝐵𝐶 = 0.559 𝑠
6
Finally,
𝑡𝐷 = 𝑡𝐴𝐵 + 𝑡𝐵𝐶 + 𝑡𝐶𝐷
𝑡𝐷 = 1.11804 + 0.55901 + 0.38196
𝒕𝑫 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔𝒔
3. During a test a rocket travels upward at 75 m/s, and when it is 40 m from the ground its
engine fails. Determine the maximum height 𝑠𝐵 reached by the rocket and its speed just
before it hits the ground. While in motion the rocket is subjected to a constant downward
acceleration due to gravity, Neglect the effect of air resistance.
Solution:
𝑣 2 𝐵 = 𝑣 2 𝐴 + 2𝑎(𝑦𝐵 – 𝑦𝐴 )
0 = (75𝑚/𝑠)2 + 2(−9.81𝑚/𝑠2)( 𝑦𝐵 – 40𝑚)
𝑦𝐵 = 𝟑𝟐𝟕 𝒎
𝑣𝑐2 = 𝑣𝐵2 + 2𝑎(𝑦𝑐 – 𝑦𝐵 )
𝑣𝑐2 = (0)2 + 2(−9.81𝑚/𝑠2)( 0 – 327𝑚)
𝑣𝑐 = −80.1𝑚/𝑠 = 𝟖𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎/s
7
4. In adjacent highway lanes two automobile A and B are approaching each other as shown
in the fig. At t = 0, they are 3200ft apart, and their velocities are 𝑣𝐴 = 65 𝑚𝑖/ℎ and 𝑣𝐵 =
40 𝑚𝑖/ℎ, respectively. Knowing that A passes Point Q 40 s after B was there and that B
passes point P 42 s after A was there, determine a.) the constant acceleration of A and B, b.)
when the vehicle pass each other, c.) the speed of B at that time.
Solution:
𝑚𝑖 5280𝑓𝑡 1ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡
𝑣𝐴𝑜 = 65 ℎ
( 1𝑚𝑖 ) (3600𝑠) = 95.33 𝑠
𝑚𝑖 5280𝑓𝑡 1ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡
𝑣𝐵𝑜 = 40 ℎ
( 1𝑚𝑖 ) (3600𝑠) = 58.667 𝑠
a.) We have
1
𝑥𝐴 = 0 + (𝑣𝐴𝑜 )𝑡 + 𝑎𝐴 𝑡 2
2
x is positive ; origin at P.
At t = 40 s:
𝑓𝑡 1
3200 𝑓𝑡 = (95.333 ) (40𝑠) + 𝑎𝐴 (40𝑠)2
𝑠 2
𝑎𝐴 = −𝟎. 𝟕𝟔𝟕 𝒇𝒕/𝒔𝟐
Also,
1
𝑥𝐵 = 0 + (𝑣𝐵𝑜 )𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝐵 𝑡 2
x is positive ; origin at Q.
At t = 42 s:
𝑓𝑡 1
3200𝑓𝑡 = (58.667 )(42𝑠) + 𝑎𝐵 (42𝑠)2
𝑠 2
𝑎𝐵 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟒 𝒇𝒕/𝒔𝟐
8
b.) When the cars pass each other
𝑥𝐴 + 𝑥𝐵 = 3200𝑓𝑡
Then
1 2 1 2
(𝑣𝐴𝑜 )𝑡 + 𝑎𝐴 𝑡𝐴𝐵 + 0 + (𝑣𝐵𝑜 )𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝐵 𝑡𝐴𝐵 = 3200
2
1 2 )
1 2 )
(95.333)(𝑡𝐴𝐵 ) + (−0.767)(𝑡𝐴𝐵 + (58.667)(𝑡𝐴𝐵 ) + (0.834)(𝑡𝐴𝐵 = 3200
2 2
2
0.034𝑡𝐴𝐵 + 154𝑡𝐴𝐵 − 3200 = 0
Solving for t:
𝑡𝐴𝐵 = 20.685𝑠 and 𝑡𝐴𝐵 = −456𝑠 𝑡𝐴𝐵 > 0
𝒕𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟓𝒔
c.) We have
𝑣𝐵 = 𝑣𝐵𝑜 + 𝑎𝐵 𝑡
at 𝑡𝐴𝐵 = 20.685𝑠
𝑣𝐵 = 58.667 + (0.834)(20.685)
𝒗𝑩 = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟗𝟐𝟕 𝒇𝒕/𝒔
9
Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion
Erratic Motion
What do we do when the motion is erratic?
Car accelerates for a short time, followed by a constant velocity for some period, and
ends with a deceleration (or negative acceleration) until it comes to a stop.
𝑣1 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑜−1 𝑡 𝑣3 = 𝑣2 + 𝑎2 𝑡
𝑣2 = 𝑣1
0 1 1 2 1 3
𝑠1 = 𝑠𝑜 + 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑜−1 𝑡 2 𝑠𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑓1 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑓1 𝑠3 = 𝑠2 + 𝑣2 𝑡 + 𝑎2−3 𝑡 2
2 2
Graphs and calculus can be used to make these problems simpler in many cases.
Remember from calculus:
- Derivative of a function = slope at a point
y
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 Small Change in y over distance, dx
x
- Integral of a function = Area Under Curve
𝑏
∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑎
Sum of rectangles dx wide by y tall
x
a b
10
By definition:
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑠
𝑎= − − − ∫ 𝑎𝑑𝑡 = 𝑣 𝑣= − − − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑡 = 𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
a (m/s2)
Accel. (a)
t (s)
Integrate
Derivative
Area
v (m/s)
Velocity (v)
t (s)
a (m/s2)
Derivative
Integrate
Accel. (a)
Area
t (s)
Examples:
1. The motion of a particle starting from rest is governed by the a – t curve shown in figure.
Sketch the v – t and s – t curves. Determine the position at t = 15 sec.
a (ft/s2)
12
t (s)
6 9 15
-4
11
Solution:
𝑑𝑣
𝐯 – 𝐭 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡. Integrating 𝑎 = 𝑑𝑡
can determine the v − t function
Integrate
Area
Integrate
Area
12
For 0 ≤ t ≤ 6, a = 2t
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎𝑑𝑡
𝑣 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 2𝑡𝑑𝑡
0 0
𝑡2
𝑣 − 0 = 2( )]𝑡0
2
𝑣 = 𝑡2
At t = 6 sec
𝒇𝒕
𝒗 = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 𝒔
For 6 ≤ t ≤ 9, a = 12
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎𝑑𝑡
𝑣 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 12𝑑𝑡
36 6
𝑣 − 36 = 12𝑡]𝑡6
𝑣 = 12𝑡 − 12(6) + 36
𝑣 = 12𝑡 − 36
At t = 9 sec.
𝒗 = 𝟏𝟐(𝟗) − 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟕𝟐 𝒇𝒕/𝒔
For 9 ≤ t ≤ 15, a = - 4
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎𝑑𝑡
𝑣 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ −4𝑑𝑡
72 9
𝑣 − 72 = −4𝑡]𝑡9
𝑣 − 72 = −4𝑡 − (−4)(9)
𝑣 = −4𝑡 + 108
At t = 15 sec.
𝒗 = −𝟒(𝟗) + 𝟏𝟎𝟖 = 𝟒𝟖 𝒇𝒕/𝒔
13
𝑑𝑠
𝐬 – 𝐭 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡. Integrating 𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡 can determine the s − t function
For 0 ≤ t ≤ 6, v = t2
𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
0 0
𝑡3 𝑡
𝑠−0 = ]
3 0
𝑡3
𝑠=
3
At t = 6 sec.
𝟔𝟑
𝒔= = 𝟕𝟐 𝒇𝒕
𝟑
For 6 ≤ t ≤ 9, v = 12t – 36
𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ (12𝑡 − 36)𝑑𝑡
72 6
𝑡2
𝑠 − 72 = 12 ( ) − 36𝑡]𝑡6
2
𝑡2 62
𝑠 − 72 = 12 ( ) − 36𝑡 − [12 ( ) − 36(6)]
2 2
At t = 9 sec.
92 62
𝑠 = 12 ( ) − 36(9) − [12 ( ) − 36(6)] + 72 = 𝟐𝟑𝟒 𝒇𝒕 Ans.
2 2
For 9≤t≤15, v=-4t+108
𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑡
𝑠 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ (−4𝑡 + 108)𝑑𝑡
234 9
𝑡2
𝑠 − 234 = −4 ( ) + 108𝑡]𝑡9
2
𝑡2 92
𝑠 − 234 = −4 ( ) + 108𝑡 − [−4 ( ) + 108(9)]
2 2
14
𝑠 = −2𝑡 2 + 108𝑡 − 576
At t = 15 sec.
𝑠 = −2(15)2 + 108(15) − 576 = 𝟓𝟗𝟒 𝒇𝒕
Alternative solution:
By Area Method:
𝐯 – 𝐭 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡
For 0 ≤ t ≤ 6, at t = 6sec
1 1
𝑣6 = (𝑎6 )(𝑡0−6 ) = (12)(6) = 𝟑𝟔 𝒇𝒕/𝒔
2 2
For 6 ≤ t ≤ 9, at t = 9sec
𝑣9 = 𝑣6 + (𝑎9 )(𝑡6−9 ) = 36 + (12)(3) = 𝟕𝟐 𝒇𝒕/𝒔
For 9 ≤ t ≤ 15 at t = 15sec
𝑣15 = 𝑣9 + (𝑎15 )(𝑡9−15 ) = 72 + (−4)(6) = 𝟒𝟖 𝒇𝒕/𝒔
𝐬 – 𝐭 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡
For 0 ≤ t ≤ 6, at t = 6sec
1 1
𝑠6 = 3 (𝑣6 )(𝑡0−6 ) = 3 (36)(6) = 𝟕𝟐 𝒇𝒕
For 6 ≤ t ≤ 9, at t = 9sec
1 1
𝑠9 = 𝑠6 + 2 (𝑣6 + 𝑣9 )(𝑡6−9 ) = 72 + 2 (36 + 72)(3) = 𝟐𝟑𝟒 𝒇𝒕
For 9 ≤ t ≤ 15 at t = 15sec
1 1
𝑠15 = 𝑠9 + (𝑣9 + 𝑣15 )(𝑡9−15 ) = 234 + (72 + 48)(6) = 𝟓𝟗𝟒 𝒇𝒕
2 2
15
2. Let’s consider the car we introduced at the beginning.
- Accelerates from rest at a rate of 3m/s2
- Reaches a maximum velocity of 24m/s
- Maintain the Maximum velocity for 60 seconds
- Decelerates at a constant rate of 2 m/s2 until it stops
- How far did the vehicle travel?
- How long did it take?
-
m m m m
Given: vo =0 s vmax = v1 =24 s v2 =24 s
v3 =0 s
m m m
a0-1 =3 s2 a1-2 =0 s2 a2-3 =2 s2 𝑡1−2 = 60 𝑠
Required : s1, s2 , s3, and t2
Solution:
By Area Method:
The area (A1) under the acceleration curve will
provide us with a value for velocity. This area should
m
be equal to v1 =24 or
s
A1a = v1
3(t1) = 24
t1 = 8s
Solve For s1
The area (A1) under the velocity curve will provide
us with a value for position (s1). This area should be
equal to s1
𝑆1 = 𝐴1𝑉.
1
𝑆1 = (𝑡1 )(𝑣1 )
2
1
𝑆1 = (8)(24) = 𝟗𝟔 𝒎
2
Solve For t2
𝑡2 = 𝑡1 − 𝑡1−2
𝑡2 = 8 + 60 = 68 s
Solve for s2
The area (A1+A2) under the velocity curve will give us the next position value.
𝑠2 = 𝐴1𝑉. + 𝐴2𝑣
𝑠2 = 96 + 24(60) = 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟔 𝐦
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Solve for s3
The total area under the acceleration curve should give us the final velocity. Note
that the portion of the graph that is below the axis has a negative value and will provide a
negative area.
𝐴1𝑎 + 𝐴2𝑎 = 𝑣3
3(𝑡1 ) − 2(𝑡3 − 𝑡2 ) = 𝑣3
3(8) − 2(𝑡3 − 68) = 0
𝑡3 = 80𝑠
The total area under the velocity graph will provide us with the final position.
𝑠3 = 𝐴1𝑉. + 𝐴2𝑣 + 𝐴3𝑣
1
𝑠3 = 𝑠2 + (𝑡2−3 )(𝑣3 )
2
1
𝑠3 = 1536 + (12)(24) = 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟎 𝒎
2
References
Hibbeler, R. C., 2016 – Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics Fourteenth Edition, Pearson
Prentice Hall Pearson Education, Inc.
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Assessing Learning
Activity I
Name: Date:
Course/Year/Section:
Direction: Solve the following problems.
1. A man dropped a stone into a well. Four seconds later the sound of water splash is heard.
Assuming sound travels at a speed of 330m/s, Determine how deep is the well?
18
Name: Date:
Course/Year/Section:
Direction: Solve the following problems.
2. Two objects fly toward each other. When they are 1200m apart, their velocities and
acceleration are v1 = 40m/s, v2 = 15m/s a1 = 0.50 m/s2, and a2 = 1.30 m/s2. A third object
left the first object and moves with constant velocity of 50 m/s toward the second object.
Upon reaching the second object, it flies back to the first object and so on until the first and
second object collide. Find the total distance travelled by the third object.
19
Name: Date:
Course/Year/Section:
Direction: Solve the following problems.
3. A ball is thrown vetically into the air at 44m/s, After t1 second another ball is thrown
vertically with the same velocity. Determine the time t1 and also determine the velocity of
the second ball relative to the first ball when they pass each other at 90m above the ground.
(hint the direction of the first ball must be downward, while the second ball is upward)
20
Name: Date:
Course/Year/Section:
Direction: Solve the following problems.
4. The accelearation of a particle moving along a straight line is a = 𝑎 = √𝑠ft/s2, where s is in
meter. If its position s = 0 velocity v = 0 when t = 0, determine its velocity when s = 60 ft.
what time is that?
21
Name: Date:
Course/Year/Section:
Direction: Solve the following problems.
5. The s – t graph for a sports car moving along a straight road. Construct the v – t graph and
a – t graph over the time interval shown. Determine the acceleration at t = 10s.
22
Name: Date:
Course/Year/Section:
Direction: Solve the following problems.
6. An object travels along a straight path. so = 0, vo = 10m/s and to = 0. Its acceleration (in
m/s2) function is given. Construct its v – s graph. How long does it take for it to reach s =
600m?
0.02𝑠 0 ≤ 𝑠 ≤ 200 𝑚 𝑒𝑞1
𝑎={
−0.01𝑠 + 6 200 ≤ 𝑠 ≤ 600𝑚 𝑒𝑞2
23