Comprehensive Backend Topics Guide for Freshers
[Link] (JavaScript Runtime)
Basics
- What is [Link]?
- V8 engine and single-threaded model
- Global objects (__dirname, __filename, process, require)
- REPL and CLI tools
Core Modules
- fs, path, http, url, events, os
- Asynchronous file handling
- Creating a basic HTTP server
Event Loop & Async Patterns
- Call Stack, Event Queue, Callback Queue
- setTimeout, setImmediate, [Link]
- Promises, Callbacks, async/await
Error Handling
- try/catch
- Handling async errors with .catch() and try/catch
Package Management
- npm, npx, [Link], dependencies vs devDependencies
- Scripts in [Link]
Environment Management
- .env files, dotenv package
Best Practices
- Project structure (controllers, routes, services)
- Error handling architecture
- Logging (winston, morgan)
[Link] (Web Framework for [Link])
Basics
Comprehensive Backend Topics Guide for Freshers
- Installing and initializing an Express app
- Creating routes (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
- Route parameters and query strings
Middleware
- Built-in and third-party middleware ([Link](), cors, helmet)
- Custom middleware
- Error-handling middleware
Request and Response Objects
- [Link], [Link], [Link]
- [Link](), [Link](), [Link]()
Routing Strategies
- Express Router ([Link]())
- Nested routes and route grouping
Error Handling
- Global error handler
- next() usage for bubbling up errors
CORS and Security
- CORS handling with cors package
- Helmet for securing HTTP headers
Authentication
- JWT (jsonwebtoken package)
- Sessions and cookies (express-session, cookie-parser)
Validation
- Using express-validator
- Schema-based validation
File Uploads
- Using multer
Rate Limiting and Throttling
- express-rate-limit package
Comprehensive Backend Topics Guide for Freshers
WebSockets
- Real-time communication using [Link]
- Initializing socket server with Express and Node
- Handling connection, message, disconnect events
- Broadcasting messages to rooms or users
- Using WebSockets for features like chat, notifications
MongoDB (NoSQL Database)
Basics
- Collections and documents
- BSON vs JSON
CRUD Operations
- insertOne, insertMany, find, findOne, updateOne, deleteOne
Mongoose (ODM)
- Schema and model definition
- Schema validation
- Virtuals and middleware (pre/post hooks)
- Population and references
- Indexing
Aggregation
- Aggregation pipeline
- $match, $group, $project, $sort, $lookup
Performance
- Index types (single field, compound, text)
- Query optimization
Transactions
- Multi-document transactions (MongoDB 4.0+)
FastAPI (Python Framework)
Basics
Comprehensive Backend Topics Guide for Freshers
- Creating endpoints (@[Link], @[Link], etc.)
- Path and query parameters
- Request and response models
Pydantic Models
- BaseModel, field validation
- Nested models and type annotations
Dependency Injection
- Using Depends()
- Shared dependencies (e.g., DB sessions, auth)
Middleware
- CORS middleware
- Custom middleware
Exception Handling
- HTTPException, global error handlers
Background Tasks
- Using BackgroundTasks for async tasks
Asynchronous Support
- async def for async I/O
- Starlette integration
Docs and Schema
- Swagger UI and ReDoc at /docs and /redoc
Security
- OAuth2PasswordBearer
- JWT integration with FastAPI
Database Integration
- FastAPI with SQLAlchemy or Tortoise ORM
- MongoDB support with Motor or ODMantic