Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY

Camarines Sur
PSY-SYL-___-___

College of Engineering and Computational Science

MODULE 3: RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEMS

I. Learning Objectives

The following are the objectives that this module aims and shall be
considered as the expected outcomes:
1. Evaluate the force components of force system.
2. Calculate the resultant of different force systems.
3. Evaluate the moment of a force system using Varignon’s Theorem.

II. Learning Content

A. Introduction

From module 2, we discussed about analyzing and resolving the

components of the forces on a Rectangular Plane and Spatial Coordinate
Systems. And by continuing the process, in this module we will discuss how
to determine the resultant of two or more forces in a force system.
Resultant force is a single force obtained by combining all forces in a force
system acting on a body.
So basically, it looks like this:

Figure 3.1 Force System resolved into Resultant Force

B. Resultant of Coplanar Force System (2D)

Determining of the resultant of three or more concurrent forces that are

not collinear requires determining the sum of three or more vectors as what
our resultant means.
And there are two ways on accomplishing this resultant force:
1. Graphically – by using the Parallelogram Law
2. Analytically –using the summation of components of each force

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Graphical Solution to Solve for the Resultant

For this process, we will use Parallelogram law. So if you forgot,
please review Module 1.
Say, we have this given concurrent for system with TWO FORCES:
y-axis

𝜽𝟏
x-axis

𝜽𝟐

Figure 3.2 Sample Force System with Two Forces

Step 1: Use Parallelogram Law to determine the direction of the Resultant

y-axis

𝜽𝟏 R
x-axis

𝜽𝟐

Figure 3.3

From the Figure 3.3, it shown that a parallelogram is form, and the
Resultant “R” is the diagonal of the said figure.

Step 2: Consider the Parallelogram and determine its internal angles.

PROPERTIES OF PARALLELOGRAM
Q
F

𝜷 F
Q

Thus, based on Figure 3.3:

𝜙 = 𝜃1 + 𝜃2
Also:

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𝛽 = 180 − 𝜙 = 180 − 𝜃1 − 𝜃2

TAKE NOTE: This solution on determining internal angles is not

constant, since the solution will be based on the figure itself.

So:
y-axis

Q
F

𝝓 R
x-axis

𝜷 F
Q

Figure 3.4

Based on Figure 3.4, we can use

COSINE LAW
the derived formula of determining the
length of the diagonal of Parallelogram,
that is, the magnitude of the
RESULTANT FORCE “R”.

𝑹 = �𝑸𝟐 + 𝑭𝟐 − 𝟐(𝑸)(𝑭)(𝐜𝐜𝐬 𝜷)

Please remember that this

formula came from the COSINE LAW.

Example:
Determine the Resultant of the given forces using parallelogram law.
And its direction by SINE LAW.

Figure 3.5

Solution:
Create the parallel lines, the parallelogram and the resultant.

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Then, determine the necessary angles.

R 𝜷

Solve for the internal angles:

𝜙 = 45° + (90° − 30°) = 105°

1
𝛽= {360° − 2(105°)} 𝑜𝑟 180° − 105° = 𝟖𝟒°
2

Thus, use the formula to determine the diagonal of Parallelogram.

𝑅 = �(𝐹1 )2 + (𝐹2 )2 − 2(𝐹1 )(𝐹2 ) cos 𝛽

𝑅 = �(600 𝑀)2 + (400 𝑀)2 − 2(600 𝑀)(400 𝑀) cos 75°
𝑹 = 𝟔𝟐𝟗. 𝟏 𝑵

Determine its direction with respect to x-axis:

R 𝜷
𝝍
𝜽

So we let:
𝜃 = direction of Resultant “R”

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𝜓 = internal angle of the triangle formed by 𝑹, 𝑭𝟏 & 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑭𝟐

To get 𝜽, please refer to the figure above:

𝜃 = 𝜓 + 30°

And to get 𝝍, let’s isolate the triangle first, and use SINE LAW:

Where:
𝑭𝟐 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝑵 𝛽 = 75°
R 𝑅 = 629.1 𝑀
𝜷 𝜓 =?
𝝍

𝑭𝟏 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝑵

REVIEW IN TRIGONOMETRY: SINE LAW

So, from our formed triangle, we can get:

𝑅 𝐹2
=
sin 𝛽 sin 𝜓

629.1 𝑀 400𝑀
=
sin 75° sin 𝜓
Cross-multiply:
(400 𝑀)(sin 75°)
sin 𝜓 =
629.1 𝑀

sin 𝜓 = 0.61416
𝜓 = arcsin 0.61416 𝑜𝑟 sin−1 0.61416
𝜓 ≈ 37.89°

Therefore, the direction of the Resultant force is:

𝜃 = 𝜓 + 30° = 37.89° + 30° = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟖𝟗° ↗

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Analytical Solution to Solve for the Resultant Force

Let’s take figure 3.6 as a sample force system

y-axis

𝜽𝟏
x-axis

𝜽𝟐

Figure 3.6 Sample Force System with Two Forces

Step 1: Resolve each force to its respective components.

y-axis

𝑻𝒚 T

𝑻𝒙 x-axis
𝑸𝒙

−𝑸𝒚
Q

Figure 3.7

Step 2: Determine the COMPONENTS OF THE RESULTANT by taking the

summation of x & y components, respectively.
𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑅𝑥 = � 𝐹𝑥

𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑅𝑦 = � 𝐹𝑦
So, from our Figure 3.7:
𝑅𝑥 = � 𝐹𝑥 = 𝑇𝑥 + 𝑄𝑥

𝑅𝑦 = � 𝐹𝑦 = 𝑇𝑦 − 𝑄𝑦

y-axis

𝑹𝒚 𝑹
𝜽𝒚
𝜽𝒙
x-axis
𝑹𝒙

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Step 3: Determine the Resultant by using the Pythagorean Theorem

𝑅 = �(𝑅𝑥 )2 + (𝑅𝑦 )2

Step 4: Determine the direction of the resultant by using tangent.

𝑅𝑦
tan 𝜃𝑥 =
𝑅𝑥

𝑅𝑥
tan 𝜃𝑦 =
𝑅𝑦

Sample Problem #1:

Determine the Resultant of the given forces using the analytic solution.

Figure 3.8

Solution:

Components of 𝐹1 : 𝑭𝟏𝟏

𝐹1𝑥 = 600 cos 30° = 300√3 𝑀 ≈ 𝟒𝟏𝟗. 𝟔𝟏 𝑵

𝐹1𝑦 = 600 sin 30° = 𝟑𝟔𝟔 𝑵 𝑭𝟏𝟏

Components of 𝐹2 :
𝑭𝟐𝟐
𝐹2𝑥 = −400 sin 45° = −200√2 𝑀 ≈ −𝟐𝟖𝟐. 𝟖𝟒 𝑵
𝐹2𝑦 = 400 cos 45° = 200√2 𝑀 ≈ 𝟐𝟖𝟐. 𝟖𝟒 𝑵 −𝑭𝟐𝟐
Components of Resultant:
𝑅𝑥 = � 𝐹𝑥 = 519.61 𝑀 + (−282.84 𝑀) = 𝟐𝟑𝟔. 𝟖𝟖 𝑵

𝑅𝑦 = � 𝐹𝑦 = 300 𝑀 + 282.84 = 𝟒𝟖𝟐. 𝟖𝟒 𝑵

Magnitude of the resultant:

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2
𝑅 = �(𝑅𝑥 )2 + �𝑅𝑦 � = �(236.77 𝑀)2 + (582.84 𝑀)2 = 𝟔𝟐𝟗. 𝟏 𝑵

Direction of the resultant:

𝑅𝑦 582.84 𝑀
tan 𝜃𝑥 = =
𝑅𝑥 236.77 𝑀
582.84
𝜃𝑥 = tan−1 � � = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟖𝟗° 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒂𝒂
236.77

Sample Problem #2:

Determine the resultant and its direction of the given force system. Refer to
figure 3.9.

Figure 3.9

Solution:
𝑭𝟏𝟏
Components of 𝐹1 :

4
𝐹1𝑥 = 850 𝑀 � � = 𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝐍 −𝑭𝟏𝟏
5
3
𝐹1𝑦 = −850 𝑀 � � = −𝟒𝟏𝟔 𝑵
5

Components of 𝐹2 : −𝑭𝟐𝟐

𝐹2𝑥 = −625 sin 30° = −𝟑𝟏𝟐. 𝟒 𝑵

𝐹2𝑦 = −625 cos 30° ≈ −𝟒𝟒𝟏. 𝟐𝟔 𝑵
−𝑭𝟐𝟐

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Components of 𝐹3 :

𝐹3𝑥 = −750 sin 45° = −375√2 ≈ −𝟒𝟑𝟔. 𝟑𝟑 𝑵 𝑭𝟑𝟑

𝐹3𝑦 = 750 cos 45° = 375√2 ≈ 𝟒𝟑𝟔. 𝟑𝟑 𝑵
−𝑭𝟑𝟑
Let’s try to tabulate the components:

Table 3-1 Components of the Resultant

Force x-component (N) y-component (N)

𝐹1 680 -510
𝐹2 -312.5 -541.26
𝐹3 -530.33 530.33
Summation 𝑹𝒙 = −𝟏𝟔𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝐍 ← 𝑹𝒚 = −𝟒𝟐𝟔. 𝟗𝟑 𝑵 ↓

Magnitude of the resultant:

𝑅 = �(−162.83 𝑀)2 + (−520.93 𝑀)2 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟖𝟖 𝑵 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡

Direction of the resultant measured from the x-axis:

𝑅𝑦 −520.93
tan 𝜃𝑥 = = ≈ 3.1992
𝑅𝑥 −162.83

𝜃𝑥 = tan−1 (3.1992) ≈ 𝟖𝟐. 𝟔𝟒°

So, in figure (not to scale):

Sample Problem #3:

If the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the eyebolt is 600 N and its
direction measured counterclockwise from the positive x-axis is 𝜃 = 30°,
determine the magnitude 𝑭𝟏 and angle 𝝓. Refer to figure 3.10.

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Source: R. Hibbeler, Engineering Mechanics: Statics

Figure 3.10 Froce System for Sample Problem #3

Solution:
Given:
𝑅 = 600 𝑀 & 𝜃𝑥 = +30°

Sketch the given resultant and its direction:

𝑹 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝑵

𝟑𝟑°

Figure 3.11

With the given figure, let’s tabulate all the components, including the
components of the resultant force.

Table 3-2 Tabular Solution of Sample Problem #3

Force x-component (N) y-component (N)
𝐹1 ↗ 𝐹1 cos 𝜙 𝐹1 sin 𝜙
𝐹2 ↘ 500 cos 60° = 250 −500 sin 60° = −250√3
3 4
𝐹3 ↙ −450 � � = −270 −450 � � = −360
5 5
Summation of Components 𝑭𝟏 𝐜𝐜𝐬 𝝓 − 𝟐𝟔 𝑭𝟏 𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝝓 − 𝟖𝟗𝟑. 𝟔𝟏
𝑅 𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ↗ 600 cos 30° = 𝟑𝟔𝟔√𝟑 600 sin 30° = 𝟑𝟔𝟔
Then equate the:
𝑆𝑈𝑀𝑀𝐴𝑇𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝐹 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑃𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑇𝑆 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑃𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑇𝑆 𝑀𝐹 𝑅𝑀𝑆𝑈𝐿𝑇𝐴𝑀𝑇

For the x-component:

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𝐹1 cos 𝜙 − 20 = 300√3
𝐹1 cos 𝜙 = 300√3 + 20
𝑭𝟏 𝐜𝐜𝐬 𝝓 = 𝟒𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟐 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 𝑀𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1

For the y-component:

𝐹1 sin 𝜙 − 793.01 = 300
𝐹1 sin 𝜙 = 300 + 793.01
𝑭𝟏 𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝝓 = 𝟏𝟔𝟗𝟑. 𝟔𝟏 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 𝑀𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2

We have two equations, so now let’s think of a solution where we can

CANCEL one of our UNKNOWNS.

Thus, we use DIVISION Operation. We divide both equations to cancel 𝐹1 but

take note of the ANGLE.
cos 𝜙 sin 𝜙
= cot 𝜙 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑓 𝑤𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒, = tan 𝜙
sin 𝜙 cos 𝜙
So, let’s use:
𝑀𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2
𝑀𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
𝐹1 sin 𝜙 1093.01
=
𝐹1 cos 𝜙 539.62

tan 𝜙 = 2.0255
𝜙 = tan−1 (2.0255)
𝝓 = 𝟔𝟑. 𝟖𝟐°

Now, let’s use EQUATION 1 to determine 𝐹1 :

𝐹1 cos 𝜙 = 539.62
𝐹1 cos 63.72° = 539.62
𝐹1 cos 63.72° = 539.62
cos 63.72°

𝑭𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟖. 𝟖𝟖 𝑵

C. Moment of a Force

The moment of a force about an axis or

line is the measure of its ability to produce
turning or twisting about the axis.

The magnitude of the moment of a force

about an axis which is perpendicular to a plane
containing the line of action of the force is
define as the product of the force and the

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perpendicular distance from the axis to line of action of the force.

In symbol:
𝑀 = 𝐹𝑑

Where:

𝑀 : Moment in 𝑀𝑚
𝐹 : Force in 𝑀
𝑑 : The perpendicular from the line of action of the force to the axis of
moment

In figure:
Figure 3.12 Moment of a Force

Where:
𝑀 : The point called Center of Moments

Sign Convention of Moments

It actually depends on what you assume. But in this module, let’s say:

Clockwise Rotation = Positive Moment = +↻ 𝑀

Counterclockwise Rotation = Negative Moment = −↺ 𝑀

D. Principle of Moments: VARIGNON’S THEOREM

The moment of any force is equal to the algebraic sum of the moments
of the components of that force. And this statement is called Varignon’s
Theorem.

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Say, we have this force:

y - axis

𝜽 O
x-axis

Figure 3.13 Force not Passing through the Origin

By drawing the line of action of the force, we get:

y - axis

F d

𝜽 O x-axis

Figure 3.14

In figure 3.14, from the definition of moment of a force, we can

originally get the moment by determining perpendicular distance from the
force to the point of rotation/axis of moment.
[ 𝑀 = 𝐹𝑑 ]
But using Varignon’s Theorem, we need to get the components first
then take its moments.
y - axis

𝑭𝒚

𝜽 𝑭𝒙 O x-axis

Figure 3.15

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Determine the moment of each components.

𝑭𝒚

𝜽 𝑭𝒙

𝑭𝒚
𝒚
F

𝜽 𝑭𝒙 O

Figure 3.16

By using Principle of Transmissibility, we can see that perpendicular

distance of 𝑭𝒙 to our point of moment is 𝒚 while for 𝑭𝒚 is 𝒙.

Then, use Varignon’s theorem, we can get

+↻ 𝑀 = 𝐹 ∙ 𝑑 = 𝐹𝑥 (𝑦)

+↻ 𝑀 = 𝐹 ∙ 𝑑 = 𝐹𝑦 (𝑥)

Therefore, taking its summation:

+↻ 𝑀 = 𝐹𝑥 (𝑦) + 𝐹𝑦 (𝑥)

IMPORTANT RULE IN MOMENT:

Any force (be it a force or a component) whose line of action passes through
the point of rotation/ reference point of moment, its magnitude will be
automatically neglected or equal to 0.

Let’s take another illustration:

Figure 3.17 Moment of a Force Applied on a Truss

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Based on Figure 3.17 we have force 𝑷 applied on the top chord of the
truss, and it’s components located at point 𝑩.

Determine the moment by using the reference point “A”:

+↻ 𝑀𝐴 = 𝑃 ∙ 𝑑 = 𝑃𝑦 ( ����
𝐴𝐵 )

Sample Problem #4: (Resultant in Coplanar Non-concurrent FS)

From the given Figure 3.18:

1. Determine the resultant of the force system.
2. Determine the angle that the resultant intersects the horizontal
axis.
3. Determine the moment of a force with respect to point O.
4. Determine the perpendicular distance of the Resultant to point O.

Figure 3.18 Coplanar Non-concurrent Force System

Solution:
1. Determine the resultant of the force system.

Determine first the components of each force, then perform the

summation of forces along x and y-axis. (∑𝐹𝑥 & ∑𝐹𝑦 )

Then, let’s tabulate it:

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Table 3-3 Components of the Forces in Sample Problem #1

Force (lb) x-component (lb) y-component (lb)

300 ↙ −300 sin 30° = −150 300 cos 30° = 259.81
3 2
722 ↘ 722 � � = 600.74 −722 � � = −400.49
√13 √13
12 5
390 ↗ 390 � � = 360 390 � � = 150
13 13
∑𝐹𝑥 = 810.74 𝑙𝑏 → ∑𝐹𝑦 = 9.32 𝑙𝑏 ↑

Solve for the resultant:

2
𝑅 = �(∑𝐹𝑥 )2 + �∑𝐹𝑦 �

𝑅 = �(810.74𝑙𝑏)2 + (9.32𝑙𝑏)2
𝑹 = 𝟖𝟏𝟔. 𝟖 𝒍𝒍

2. Determine the angle that the resultant intersects the horizontal axis.
∑𝐹𝑦 𝑅𝑦
tan 𝜃 = =
∑𝐹𝑥 𝑅𝑥
+9.32
tan 𝜃 =
+810.74
𝜽 = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟒𝟗°

3. Determine the moment of a force with respect to point O.

Next is taking a moment on the reference point “O”.

Imagine trying to pin a stick on point O, and rotate it clockwise; those

components that in the same direction as the stick are positive while in
opposite direction are negative.

Now, use Varignon’s Theorem:

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+↻ 𝑀𝑂 = � 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 (𝑑 )
= −𝟏𝟒𝟔 𝒍𝒍 (𝟑 𝒇𝒕) − 𝟏𝟒𝟔 𝒍𝒍 (𝟒 𝒇𝒕) + 𝟑𝟔𝟔 𝒍𝒍 (𝟑 𝒇𝒕) + 𝟒𝟔𝟔. 𝟒𝟗 𝒍𝒍 (𝟒 𝒇𝒕)
+↻ 𝑴𝑶 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 𝒍𝒍. 𝒇𝒕

4. Determine the perpendicular distance of the Resultant to point O.

𝑀 = 𝑅𝑑
1481.96 𝑙𝑏. 𝑓𝑡 = 810.8 𝑙𝑏 (𝑑)
1481.96 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡
𝑑=
810.8𝑙𝑏
𝒅 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟑 𝒇𝒕

E. Resultant of Parallel Force System

On parallel force system, all lines of action of the force in a force

system are all parallel to each other. Therefore, they have only one
orientation; it’s either vertical, horizontal or inclined.
𝑭𝟏 𝑭𝟐 𝑭𝟑 𝑭𝟒

Figure 3.19 Parallel Force System

Because of this, the solution of determining the resultant of the force

system is reduced to:
+↑ 𝑅 = � 𝐹 = −𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 + 𝐹4

And to determine its location, we use:

𝑅 ∙ 𝑑 = 𝑀𝑂

Figure 3.20

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Resultant of Distributed Loads

The resultant of a distributed load is equal to the area of the load
diagram. It is acting at the centroid of that area as indicated.

Rectangular Load
𝑅 = 𝑤𝑜 (𝐿)
Triangular Load
1
𝑅 = 𝑤𝑜 (𝐿)
2
Trapezoidal Load (Combination of Rectangular and Triangular)
1
𝑅 = 𝑤𝑜1 𝐿 + (𝑤𝑜2 − 𝑤01 )
2

Sample Problem #5:

A parallel force system acts on the lever shown. Determine the
magnitude and position of the resultant.

Source: [Link]
Figure 3.21

Solution:
First determine the resultant.
+↓ 𝑅 = � 𝐹 = 30 𝑙𝑏 + 60 𝑙𝑏 − 20 𝑙𝑏 + 40 𝑙𝑏
𝑹 = 𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝒍𝒍 ↓

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Then determine its location

𝑅∙𝑑 = 𝑀

But first, let’s determine first take the moment from the reference point:
+↻ 𝑀𝐴 = 30(2) + 60(2 + 3) − 20(2 + 3 + 2) + 40(2 + 3 + 2 + 4)
𝑀𝐴 = 660 𝑙𝑏. 𝑓𝑡 ↻

Now, substitute to the formula:

𝑅∙𝑑 = 𝑀

110 𝑙𝑏 (𝑑 ) = 660 𝑙𝑏. 𝑓𝑡

110 𝑙𝑏 (𝑑 ) = 660 𝑙𝑏. 𝑓𝑡

110 𝑙𝑏

𝒅 = 𝟔 𝒇𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑨

F. Resultant of Non-coplanar Force System (3D)

From the past module, we discussed how to determine the
components of a force on a Spatial Coordinate System. And for this section,
we will discuss its continuation: determining its resultant. See Module 2.

As simple as this formula:

2
𝑅 = �(𝑅𝑥 )2 + �𝑅𝑦 � + (𝑅𝑧 )2
Where:
𝑅𝑥 : ∑ 𝐹𝑥
𝑅𝑦 : ∑ 𝐹𝑦
𝑅𝑧 : ∑ 𝐹𝑧

The only problem is how to determine the components of the force.

Sample Problem #6:

Find the magnitude of the resultant of the given figure.

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Figure 3.22

Solution:
First determine all necessary coordinates:

Origin = the foot of the pole = (0, 0, 0)

Pt. A = (0, 0, 6)
Pt. B = (3, −2, 0)
Pt. C = (2, 3, 0)

Force B (from A to B)
∆𝑥 = 3 − 0 = 3
∆𝑦 = −2 − 0 = −2
∆𝑧 = 0 − 6 = −6
∆𝑑 = �(3)2 + (−2)2 + (−6)2 = 7

840
����⃗
𝐹𝐵 = [3𝒂 − 2𝒋 − 6𝒌] = 𝟑𝟔𝟔𝒂 − 𝟐𝟒𝟔𝒋 − 𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒌
7

Force C (From C to A)
∆𝑥 = 2 − 0 = 2
∆𝑦 = 3 − 0 = 3
∆𝑧 = 0 − 6 = −6

∆𝑑 = �(2)2 + (3)2 + (−6)2 = 7

420
����⃗
𝐹𝐶 = [2𝒂 + 3𝒋 − 6𝒌] = 𝟏𝟐𝟔𝒂 + 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝒋 − 𝟑𝟔𝟔𝒌
7

Now, let’s determine the components of Resultant [𝑅𝑥 , 𝑅𝑦 & 𝑅𝑧 ]

Just add the two vectors.

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360𝑖 − 240𝑗 − 720𝑘

+
120𝑖 + 180𝑗 − 360𝑘

𝟒𝟖𝟔𝒂 − 𝟔𝟔𝒋 − 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟔𝒌

So:
𝑅𝑥 = 480 𝑀 ; 𝑅𝑦 = −60 𝑀 ; 𝑅𝑧 = −1080 𝑀

Thus:

2
𝑅 = �(𝑅𝑥 )2 + �𝑅𝑦 � + (𝑅𝑧 )2 = �(480)2 + (−60)2 + (−1080)2

𝑹 = 𝟔𝟔√𝟑𝟖𝟗 𝑵 ≈ 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟖 𝑵

III. Learning Activity

A. Proving
Instruction: The answers on each problem are already given. Just prove the
following exercises by showing the COMPLETE, CLEAN & CORRECT
SOLUTION. Make sure that your solution results to the final answer.

1. Determine the magnitude and the direction of the resultant force for the
given free-body diagram.
Ans: 𝑹 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟐 𝑵 𝒂𝒕 𝟐. 𝟑𝟖° 𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒉𝒕

Figure 3.23

2. If the resultant of the two forces from the tugboats is 3kN, directed to the
right along the x-axis. Determine the 𝑭𝑩 and 𝜽.
Ans: 𝑭𝑩 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏 𝒌𝑵 ; 𝜽 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟑°

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Figure 3.24

3. Prove and show that the gusset plate connection of a truss has a resultant
equal to 0.

Figure 3.25

4. If 𝐹𝐵 = 560 𝑀 and 𝐹𝐶 = 700 𝑀, determine the magnitude of the resultant

acting on the flagpole.
Ans: 𝑹 = 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟒. 𝟒𝟔 𝑵

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Figure 3.26

IV. Learning Assessment

A. Problem Solving
Instruction: Read each problem carefully and calculate all required. Show
your complete, clean and correct solution.

1. Determine the resultant of the given force system, wherein the larger
radius is 1 ¼’ and the smaller equals ½ ‘.

Figure 3.27

2. Refer on Figure 3-28.

a. Determine the magnitude of the resultant of the given Coplanar
and Non-concurrent Force System.
b. Determine the angle that the resultant makes with the horizontal
axis.
c. What is the distance of the line of action of the resultant with the
origin?

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Figure 3.28

3. Determine the components of each forces, and the magnitude of the

resultant force on the given force system.

Figure 3.29

4. Determine the magnitude of the resultant of the given force system.

Figure 3.30

5. Determine the magnitude and the location of the four parallel forces
acting on the rocker arm.

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Figure 3.31

6. Determine the resultant force at A.

Figure 3.32

V. Learning References

Besavilla, V. J. (1984). Strength of Materials (2nd ed.). Cebu: VIB Publisher.

Gillesania, D. (2012). Engineering Mathematics (3rd ed., Vol. 2). Cebu, Philippines:
Cebu DGPrint, Inc.
Gillesania, D. (2013). Strength of Materials. Cebu: Cebu DGPrint, Inc.
Hibbeler, R. (n.d.). Engineering Mechanics, Statics. Amazon.
Love, C. E., & Rainville, E. (n.d.). Differential Calculus & Integral Calculus.
Mcgill, D., & King, W. M. (1995). Engineering Mechanics: An Introduction to Dynamics
(3rd ed.). PWS Publishing Co.
Singer, F. L. (n.d.). Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics. Harper and Row.

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