Dicot leaf t.s.
(X100) Helianthus ~mesophyte
Upper epidermis
Palisade layer
Spongy mesophyll
Guard cell / stoma
Epidermal hair
Monocot leaf t.s. Zea mays (X40)
Larger vein
Vascular bundles – all
cut in x-section,
arranged at regular
spacing indicative of
parallel vennation
Monocot leaf t.s. Zea mays (X100) Stomata found on both surfaces
Thick cuticle on
epidermal cells
Sclerenchyma
Lysigenous canal
Metaxylem vessel
Xylem tracheids
phloem
stoma
Monocot leaf t.s. Zea mays (X400) Bulliform cells – curl
up leaf when flaccid
Sub-stomatal air
chamber
Bundle sheath reflects
Krantz anatomy (C4
plants)
chloroplast
Compact
mesophyll
Ficus leaf t.s. (X100) xerophyte
Multiple epidermis
Hypodermis –
water storage
cells
2-3 layers palisade
Vascular bundle
Spongy mesophyll
Multiple lower
epidermis
Ficus leaf t.s. (X100) xerophyte
[Link] cuticle
2 layers epidermal cells
with thick wall – rduce
water loss
Cystolith – excess mineral stored
in cell
Palisade protected from cell
below hypodermis
Ficus leaf t.s. (X100) xerophyte
Spongy mesophyll
cells with
chloroplast
‘extra’ palisade at
lower epidermis
Position of guard
cells
Multiple lower
epidermis
Sunken stoma
Nerium Leaf t.s. X40 Xerophyte
Main distinct
feature = air
chambers in lower
epidermis
Stoma confined to
air chambers
Nerium Leaf t.s. X400 Xerophyte
Stoma – confined
to chamber
Epidermal hairs
- help trap
moisture
Nerium Leaf t.s. X400 Xerophyte
Multiple epidermis
– reduce water loss
2-3 layers palisade
Amorphophila leaf t.s. X10
Vascular bundles
all cut in x-section
& arranged at
regular intervals -
monocot
Rolled up leaf traps
moisture
Opening to rolled up
leaf
Amorphophila leaf t.s. X100
Hypodermis of sclerenchyma
– on outer / lower epidermis
Abundant sclerenchyma
tissue
Epiderma hair
Amorphophila leaf t.s. X100
Stoma confined to hidden
epidermis
Located only at
photosynthetic tissue
Patches of
chlorenchyma
Position bulliform cells for
rolling up leaf
Very thick corrugated
cuticle
Amorphophila leaf t.s. X400
Protoxylem vessel
Metaxylem vessel
phloem
Bundle sheath cells with
U-shape thickening
Nympheae leaf t.s. X40 Hydrophyte
Abundance of
sclereids because
….
Xylem in vascular
bundles poorly
developed
Prominent large
air chambers
Sunken stoms
Nympheae leaf t.s. X400 Hydrophyte
Epidermis thin wall – little
cuticle bec. Abundant
water available
Stoma confined to upper
epidermis- lower is submerged
in water
Palisade many layers –
abundant sunlight available
Nympheae leaf t.s. X400 Hydrophyte
Residual guard cell
- no stoma on lower
epidermis
Nympheae stem t.s. X10 Hydrophyte
Prominent large air
chambers
Nympheae stem t.s. X400 Hydrophyte
Xylem in
vascular
bundle poorly
developed
Potomotageton leaf t.s. X 40 Hydrophyte
Palisade layer
Prominent large air
chambers – to float
leaf
Potomotageton stem t.s. X 40 Hydrophyte
Abundant air
chambers
Vascular bundles
confined to centrre
Artifact – air
bubble