Marco Lopez

Extraction of the
DNA of a
Tomate.
 HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE OF THE STATE OF
CAMPECHE
PLANT 14 XPUJIL, CALAKMUL CAMPECHE.

DNA extraction from a

tomato.

RESEARCH WORK

3rd semester.

302

PRESENTS:

Marco Antonio López Caamal.

Q.C. Jazmín Linares Gutiérrez

Xpujil, Calakmul, Campeche August - September 2016

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 Index.

Introduction...........................................................3

Information
previous.................................................................................4

Problem statement................................................

…………………………………………..6

Hypothesis... 6

Experimental design.................................
.................................................. 7

Experimentation................................................................. 8

Conclusion

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 Introduction.

Many of the molecular biology techniques involve some kind of manipulation.

of the genetic material. These procedures have advanced to such an extent
the knowledge of the genetic code, which now allows for the cloning of entire organisms.
The initial procedures were long and tedious and could take several days.
before knowing for sure that DNA had been obtained in quality and
sufficient amount to be able to manipulate it. Additionally, some of the reagents
used for these processes are toxic and mutagenic.
Nowadays, we can obtain sufficient high-quality DNA in a few hours.
This work titled 'Extraction of DNA from a tomato' is done with the
Purpose Extract DNA through a simple procedure. The membranes
cellular and nuclear components of tomato cells are disaggregated with detergent,
in saline solution, releasing the nucleic acids that precipitate with the addition
of ethanol.

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 Prior Information.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, abbreviated as DNA, is a nucleic acid that
contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of
all known living organisms and some viruses, and is responsible for their
hereditary transmission. The main function of the DNA molecule is the
long-term storage of information.
Many times, DNA is compared to a blueprint or a recipe, or a code, already
that contains the necessary instructions to build other components of the
cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The segments of DNA that
those that carry this genetic information are called genes, but the other sequences of
DNA has structural purposes or participates in the regulation of use
this genetic information.

Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as tomato, tomato plant, or jitomate,

it is a species of the nightshade family native to Central and South America
and its use as food originated in Mexico.
It is cultivated worldwide for both fresh and processed consumption.
different modes (salsa, puree, juice, dehydrated, canned).

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The fruit (the tomato itself) is a berry generally of a sub-
spherical, globular or elongated and, usually, about 8 centimeters in diameter,
shortly glandular-pubescent and green when immature and that takes
generally a deep red color with ripening. The seeds are 2.5-3
by 2 mm, they are ovoid, compressed, smooth or very hairy, brownish and are
embedded in an abundant mucilaginous mass.
The tomato, like its wild relatives, is a diploid species with 24
chromosomes in their somatic cells. There are scientific projects
internationals trying to understand basic aspects of genomics of the
Solanaceae. One such project is to determine the DNA sequence for
all regions of the tomato genome that carry genes. For this, each one
of the 12 chromosomes of the haploid tomato genome has been assigned to
different sequencing centers in different countries around the world

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 Statement of the Problem.
Many Molecular Biology studies begin with the extraction of acids.
nucleic. The cellular dissolution releases the molecules into an aqueous phase that is
separated from cellular debris by centrifugation. The proteins are removed.
from the aqueous phase with organic solvents (phenol, chloroform). The DNA, which
remains in the aqueous phase, precipitates with ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and
subsequently it is purified. For some reason that eludes us, the extraction
DNA is an activity that excites some and disappoints others.
Probably, the differences of opinion have more to do with personality.
about the students and their fantasies than with the activity itself.

Hypothesis.

Alternative: If it is possible to extract DNA 100% in its pure form.

Zero: DNA cannot be extracted 100% in its pure form.

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 Design of the Experiment.
For this experiment, use the following materials and tools.

Materials: Tools:
Tomato Glasses
Salt Spoons
Bicarbonate Strainer
Water Container
Liquid detergent Toothpick
Alcohol 96 Cotton.
Cover slips.

Procedure:
Cut the tomato into small pieces.
Put the tomato pieces in a bag and crush them.
With a strainer, filter the tomato juice.
Prepare the solution: add 2 teaspoons to 200 milliliters of water.
salt, baking soda, and liquid detergent.
Mix the solutes well in the solvent (water).
Once the solution has been prepared, put 2 in a glass.
teaspoons of tomato juice and add 3 teaspoons of the solution and
let it rest for 2 minutes.
After 2 minutes, proceed to DNA extraction: isolate 1
teaspoon of the mixture into a glass, tilting the glass add 2
teaspoons of 96 alcohol to make the alcohol slide down the wall of the glass
and do not mix with the prepared.
After the DNA concentrates on the surface, remove it with a
cotton with the help of the stick and place it on a coverslip.
Finally analyze the sample.

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 Experimentation.
To carry out this experiment that was conducted at home, were used
the materials and tools previously mentioned following the order of
procedure aimed at extracting DNA from the tomato.

Cut the tomato into pieces 2. Place the pieces of the

small. tomato in a bag of
plastic.

3. Crush the tomato. 4. Then filter the mass of

tomato with a strainer.

Tomato juice.

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 Prepare the solution composed of salt, baking soda and
liquid detergent.
(2 teaspoons of each in 200ml of water)

6. Mix the solutes well 7. In a glass, I added 2 teaspoons of juice from the
in the solvent. tomato and add 3 teaspoons of the solution and it
let it rest for 2 minutes.

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I isolated 1 teaspoon of the mixture 9. Tilt the glass to add 2
in a glass. teaspoons of alcohol 96.

10. I extracted the DNA from the

mix.

I placed the DNA on a coverslip and I

I send it to analyze.

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 Conclusion.
I carried out the practice of this project in my home kitchen with materials
homemade, as it can also be done in the school laboratory with the
purpose of extracting DNA from a tomato.
The extraction of DNA required several series of basic stages.
First, I had to break the cell wall and the plasma membrane to
to access the nucleus of the cell. Then I broke the nuclear membrane to
free the DNA. Finally, I protected the DNA from enzymes that may diminish it and
To isolate it, I had to make it precipitate in alcohol. DNA is soluble in
water, but when it is in alcohol it unrolls and precipitates in the
interface between alcohol and water. In addition to allowing us to see DNA, alcohol
separates the DNA from other cellular components, which are left in the
aqueous solution. Salt prevents the binding of proteins to DNA.
The sample analyzed in the laboratory showed that the filamentous product
obtained from the extraction is not pure DNA, as it is intermixed with it,
fragments of RNA (it is a nucleic acid formed by a chain of
ribonucleotides) and what stands out more is NaHCO3 (bicarbonate of
sodium).
Other research and experiments recommend that for an extraction to be
"professional" should be carried out by adding enzymes that fragment the
RNA molecules and that prevent them from binding to DNA.

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 Bibliography.

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