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Introduction to Computer Science Basics

This document introduces basic concepts of computer science, including definitions of computing, hardware, software, computers, data, and information. It explains that computing involves the automatic processing of information using physical, logical, and human resources. It describes the main hardware components of a personal computer such as the central processing unit, memory, and input and output devices, and their functions in data processing.

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8 views4 pages

Introduction to Computer Science Basics

This document introduces basic concepts of computer science, including definitions of computing, hardware, software, computers, data, and information. It explains that computing involves the automatic processing of information using physical, logical, and human resources. It describes the main hardware components of a personal computer such as the central processing unit, memory, and input and output devices, and their functions in data processing.

Translated by

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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES.


General objectives

• Be able to define basic concepts related to Computer Science as a science.


• Classify the resources used in computing.
• Differentiate the logical and physical elements that make up a computer system.
• Know the term automatic information processing or electronic process of
data.
• Outline the main hardware components of a personal computer.
• Define the functions of the main hardware components of a computer
personal.

Contents

• Basic concepts. Introduction to information technology and


communication
• Computer Science
• Hardware
• Software
• Computer
• Data and information
• Information systems
• Automatic information processing
• Hardware
• The memory

Basic concepts. Introduction to ICT


We made a brief introduction to ICT in previous sessions. The
The world we live in would not be the same without ICT, computer science, computers
and communication networks. Technological advances in the world of the
Computing evolves so rapidly that it becomes impossible to perform a
detailed enumeration of all of them, let alone predicting the future. A
the following is a series of contents to try, if possible, to clarify
all existing terminology and information.

Informatics is a word formed by the contraction of two terms,


Information and automation. Computer science can be defined as the science that
studies and develops the rational treatment of information through
computers, using three types of resources for this purpose:

1. Physicals: they constitute the hardware: physical elements, materials, such as


Example a monitor, a printer, the microprocessor, the RAM... etc.
2. Logical: they constitute the software, that is, the set of applications or
programs that make the hardware work, such as a system
operational, an antivirus, an office suite, a browser or browser, a
search engine, the sp plus package, a program for graphic design...etc
3. Humans: IT staff: researchers, analysts, programmers,
system administrators, network administrators, operators, etc.

It can be said that currently, computer science goes hand in hand with electronics and
telecommunications. Any advancement in electronics brings advances in the
other disciplines.

1
A computer can accept several definitions. Some of them are:

1. Digital electronic device capable of processing data at high speed.


[Link] can be considered as a system, whose outputs or results are
function of its inputs, consisting of data and instructions (Data: the
car registration, the address of a person, the title of a book, the
last names of a patient, etc.). Depending on the capacity and power of
the teams can be classified into the following categories:
supercomputers, mainframes, mini computers, microcomputers,
laptops, NC, PC-NET, or PC-WEB and nano computers. Today in
Today the barrier is very diffuse regarding what a computer actually is.
speaking. A tablet PC?...
[Link] digitalwith technologymicroelectronics, capable of
processdatafrom a group of instructions calledprogram.
The structure basic of a computer
includesmicroprocessor(CPU), memoryydevices of
input/output(E/S), along with thebusesthat allow communication between
them. In summary, the computer is a duality betweenhardware(physical part)
such as: the screen, the keyboard, or the hard drive andsoftware(logical part:
operating systems, applications,..), that interact with each other for a
determined function.
4. it is a collection of resources, including electronic processing devices
digital, stored programs and data, which, under the control of the
stored programs automatically accept inputs, produce
outputs, stores, retrieves and processes data, being able to transmit them and
receive them to and from another computer.
A computer is capable of drawing reasoned conclusions from the treatment.
what is carried out from the data. (for example, knowing if a number entered
by keyboard is prime or not; or entered the surnames of a
certain patient, to know in which room they are, or if they have left,
what was its release date.

Although the term Information has very different meanings, within


In computing, it is always understood that it is associated with the results of a
process on a dataset. The fundamental difference between data and
information is that the obtaining of information always affects our
knowledge, while data collection is not. Data is often
numbers, names, symbols, phrases, images, sounds, colors, smells, etc. is
to say, minimal units of information. But data alone does not allow
make any decision; for this it is necessary to process them (analyze them, organize them,
operate with them (add them, subtract them..), relate them..etc) and thus obtain what is
Information is defined. Data is the raw material for obtaining information.
the process of data (sorting, comparing, operating (adding, subtracting,...)) it
what constitutes useful information for decision-making.

Click to see aGeneral outline of the data process

An Information System is referred to as a system that manages data or


information with a specific purpose. The automated information systems give rise to the
Computer Science.

2
It is called automatic data processing or electronic process of
data to the set of different basic operations carried out by the computer
son

Data input: input devices provide a way to


communicate with the computer. Some of them are: the keyboard, the joystick, the
modem, the microphone, the scanner, the mouse, barcode reader, etc.
Data processing: the CPU (Central Processing Unit) or
The microprocessor (or processor) has the mission of processing the data that it receives.
They arrive through the input devices. It is the chip (integrated circuit)
most important of the computer.
Storage of information: once the data has been
Processed data, it is necessary to store the information, using for this,
computer memory and storage devices. Some of
these are: flash memories, hard drive, DVD, CD-ROM, etc.
Output of information: Output devices are responsible for
show the results of the processes performed by the CPU. Some of
they are: monitor, printer, plotter, etc.

Hardware

Physical support, solid state devices, of a computer system.

The basic devices of a computer are:

• Central Processing Unit (CPU).


• Main or central RAM (MP).
• Secondary memory, mass or storage (e.g.: Hard drives,
USB pendrive.
• Input/output devices (I/O): microphone, webcam, keyboard, and mouse.
escáner, impresora, monitor, altavoces, pendrive, discos duros externos,
modems, DVD recording units..etc
• Others: motherboard, BIOS ROM, chipset, buses ...

The UCP is responsible for managing the flow of information in a computer. It is the
true brain of a computer. It executes the instructions of the program or
programs that are running and process the data based on them
instructions. It is responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations (of
comparison, for example: is 7 greater than 10?

Essential conditions:

1. In order for a program to be executed, it is necessary that its


instructions are in RAM.
2. For a piece of data (a number, an image, surnames, ...) to be able to
to be processed, it is necessary to be stored in RAM.
Who will process this data? The program that is running.
in RAM.

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