PC and Laptop Repair

SESION 3

THE CASE
Also called: cabinet, casing, chassis, metal box or simply box. It is a structure
of metal and plastic where all the architecture of the computer is housed, this is where it is placed
the main components of the computer (disks and card stock). Also called: case,
case, chassis, metal box or simply box.

TYPES OR MODELS:

We generally find the following Types or Models of Case:

1. DESKTOP (DESKTOP / TABLE TOP).

The die is cast and the monitor almost always
find above, the position of the Mainboard
it is horizontal. Saves space, it is generally
used by brand computers.

2. MINITOWER. - (MiniTower). - It is the most common way to find a medium tower,

It features two 5¼ bays, which until recently was the most commonly used model in computers.
compatible. It is usually used in AT format.

3. MIDITOWER (Semitorre) .-It is a larger minitower, featuring three 5¼ bays.

and one of 3½, offers better cooling and we can mount plates of any type.
It is usually used in ATX format.

MIPCsoluciones SAC–Av. Alfonso Ugarte 1310–Int 307/ [Link] 1

 Repair of PC and Laptop

4. FULLTOWER (Large Towers or Complete Tower).-This type of case is prepared for

to incorporate various devices, due to their size they are not practical for use in the home or
as workstations in the Office so they are generally used on servers
of networks; it has 4 to 6 bays of 5 ½ and one bay of 3 ½, it is used in AT and ATX technology.

ELEMENTS OF THE FAÇADE

The front is a plastic structure that is screwed to the front part of the CASE.
Contains the following elements:

A) BAYS.-(racks): They are cavities in which the storage units are housed.
data (of 5 ½ and 3 ½), such as: HARD DRIVE, CD ROM DRIVE, ZIP DRIVE, DVD, CD-
RW, DISKETERA, etc.). The larger the size, the greater the number of bays for
support the storage units. It will normally also be greater than the power of the
power supply.

B) BUTTONS OR PUSH BUTTONS

1) POWER SWITCH.- (Power on and off button) It is used to provide

electricity to the computer, activating the power supply, which

MIPCsoluciones SAC–Av. Alfonso Ugarte 1310–Int 307/ [Link] 2

 PC and Laptop Repair

It is responsible for supplying power to all components of the system. This is done by
2 different ways:

IN THE CASE AT, through a cable of 2 or 4 contacts, coming from the source of
power supply to the back of the switch.

IN ATX CASES, through a small 2-contact cable that goes from the switch to
the motherboard (POWER ON). In some ATX cases there is an additional switch on the part
rear of the power supply.
2) RESET SWITCH, (Reset Button) It is a retractable button (automatic return)
which serves to restart the system without having to cut off the power supply.

3) INDICATOR LEDS.- The color of each of the indicator leds on the front
it is indifferent, meaning there is no specific color for each of these signals. Without
embargo, it is most common to use the color red for the HARD DRIVE LED, and the color
green for the POWER LED.

oHDD LED.- Indicates the activity of Reading and writing on the HARD DRIVE, this means
to say that it is active intermittently, it is not on all the time
operation of the PC.

POWER LED.- (Power Indicator).- Indicates that the button has been pressed.
on / off and that the computer has been provided with electrical power
so that it can operate.

4) SPEAKER.- (Interior Speaker).- It is responsible for emitting

audible signals at the moment of startup or when you
presents some error. For example; if the video card
it does not work, the SPEAKER emits beeps or signals
audibles. It is located behind or underneath the facade.

2 Bays of 5 ½

2 Bays of 3 ½

Power Switch
Power Led

Reset

Reset LED
D) ELEMENTS OF THE BACK PART

MIPCsoluciones SAC–Alfonso Ugarte Avenue 1310–Int 307/ [Link] 3

 PC and Laptop Repair

a) Connectors of the different cards that are inserted into the motherboard
b) Keyboard Connectors
c) Ports: Serial. Parallel, USB
d) Power Supply

THE POWER SUPPLY

DEFINITION
It is a device that provides electrical power to the computer and all its components.
for its operation. Converts the electrical energy coming from the outlet (Current
alternating–CA) and converts it to voltage levels of 5v and 12v DC (Direct Current), which are
they are required internally in the computer. It is screwed to the back of the case.

220 V +-5 V
110 V SOURCE +-12 V
AC DE DC
NUTRITION
~
The power supply is sold together with the case, it comes already installed inside. It is rarely sold.
loose, except as a spare. The +12V voltage is normally used to operate the motors
of the disk units.

MIPCsoluciones SAC–Av. Alfonso Ugarte 1310–Int 307/ [Link] 4

 PC and Laptop Repair

TYPES OF SOURCES

After discussing these phases of the power supply, we will proceed to differentiate the
two types that currently exist. The two sources that we may encounter when we open
A computer can be: AT or ATX.

THE SOURCES AT

They were used until the Pentium MMX appeared.

2. Their connectors on the motherboard are P8 and P9 (12 contacts) (6 each).
Connect the black cables to the center.

12 CONTACTS
6 C/U

AT

They are quite dangerous, as the source is activated through a switch (POWER
SWITCH), and there is a voltage of 220v on that switch. (Caution when handling)

4. The shutdown is manual. (by pressing the power switch button)

MIPCsoluciones SAC–Alfonso Ugarte Ave 1310–Int 307/ [Link] 5

 PC and Laptop Repair

ATX POWER SUPPLIES

The circuit of the fountain is modernized, and it is always active.

It has a single connector to the power supply (20 and 24 contacts); there is no fear of
connect it the other way around since it has a guide and it is impossible to place it that way.

ATX 20 contacts

3. The power supply is always powered with a small voltage to keep it in standby.
4. They do not have a switch that turns the fountain on / off.

DEVICE CONNECTION

IN SOURCES AT, there are two connectors called P8 AND P9 which are responsible for supplying
current to the MOTHERBOARD. For its connection, it should be noted that the black cables go to
center, if placed upside down it can burn the MOTHERBOARD.

In contrast, IN ATX POWER SUPPLIES there is only one connector for the motherboard, all in one piece.
and there is only one way to fit it, so that's why there's no problem

There are two types of connectors to power devices:

1) THE MOLEX (TYPE D).- It is the largest, used to connect devices such as hard drives.
CD-ROM readers, burners, SCSI devices, etc...

2) THE BERS.- It is smaller, used to power, for example, disk drives or some
ZIP devices.

MIPCsoluciones SAC–Alfonso Ugarte Ave. 1310–Int 307/ [Link] 6

 PC and Laptop Repair

TIPS:

Be careful when touching the voltage selector switch that some power supplies have.
2. It is advisable to check from time to time the state of the power supply fan, it is necessary to
to think that if we do not have an additional fan installed at the back of the equipment,
it is our only air outlet.
A faulty power supply fan can mean the end of your equipment.

POSTERIOR PART OF THE F.A.

AT Connector cable ATX Fan

of power
Switch of
Selector 220/110 turned on and
off
Connector for
monitor Selector 220/110
monochromatic
Connector for
Fan monitor
monochromatic

The power of the power supply is measured in watts.

THESE CAN BE FROM: 500,

530, 580,600, 630, 650
The last 3 for plates
modern grandes

CONNECTION CASES

POSITION OF CONNECTION OF WHAT'S HAPPENING?

CASE
SWITCH POWER CABLE
1 220V 220V OK
2 110V 220V the fountain is burning
3 220V 110V It resets
4 110V 110V OK

MIPCsoluciones SAC–Av. Alfonso Ugarte 1310–Int 307/ [Link] 7

 PC and Laptop Repair

TYPES OF CONNECTORS THAT A POWER SUPPLY MAY HAVE

For all the assembly courses and

PC repair. The following
images are diagrams of the position,
color and voltage of the different cables and
ATX power supply connectors
in its variants of 20, 24, and 20 +4
pines. ATX 20+4 pin diagram and
connectors

BRANDS AND MODELS

MICRONICS

CYBERTEL

HALION

MIPCsoluciones SAC–Alfonso Ugarte Avenue 1310–Int 307/ [Link] 8

 Repair of PC and Laptop

CHECK POWER SOURCE ON

It is very easy to use the power supply as a normal power supply, the power supply of the
computer when we need 5 or 12 volts, which are the voltages provided to us by the
connectors of the ATX power supply. The only thing we have to do is turn on the power supply
manual power supply. For this, we will focus on the 20 or 24 pin connector of these
ATX power supplies.
We will look at the green cable, which is the one that powers on the power supply when it is
connected to the mass.

Place a small wire between the green wire and any of the black wires, which is the ground.
This way an ATX power supply is turned on.

We measure at the ends of the connectors to see what voltage we have. Remember that always
the red wire is +5 volts and the yellow one +12 volts, the black wires are obviously the
dough.

MIPCsoluciones SAC–Alfonso Ugarte Avenue 1310–Int 307/ [Link] 9