Juan Carlos Carrion Disla 21-1064

QUESTIONS FOR ANALYSIS

Positive, Given that the elevator moves at a constant speed, the work done is only due to the force
of gravity and the tension force exerted on the elevator by the cable that pulls it up. Given that
the tension force and the displacement are in the same direction, the angle θ = 0 and, therefore, the work
realized is positive.

P6.3 The body is pulled by a rope tied to it and it accelerates. According to Newton's third law, the body pulls
of the rope with an equal and opposite force. So, is the total work done zero? If so, how
Can the kinetic energy of the body change? Explain your answer.

The work done is not zero because there is a displacement and the kinetic energy of the body is increasing according to
increase the work

P6.5 If there were a net force different from zero on a moving object, would the total work done
Could it be zero? Explain by illustrating your answer with an example.

It could be zero if the force and displacement are perpendicular because the work would be calculated as force multiplied by the
component of the angle that depends on the displacement divided by the displacement and would give zero

P6.10 Does the kinetic energy of a car change more when accelerating from 10 m/s to 15 m/s or from 15 m/s to 20 m/s?
Explain your answer.

The change in the kinetic energy of the car is greater in the second case, since the change in the kinetic energy
is defined as 1/2 (mv² - mu²). where v² - u² is greater in the second case.

P6.12 Can the total work done on an object during a displacement be negative? Explain your answer.
Answer. If the total work is negative, can its magnitude be greater than the initial kinetic energy?
object? Explain your answer.

It can be negative if the force is opposite to the displacement, an example of this is when trying to brake a
at high speeds, the brakes exert a force opposite to the displacement and the work will be negative and therefore
the law of conservation of energy, work cannot be greater than kinetic energy

P6.15You hold a portfolio by the handle, with your arm straight at your side. What force does the hand exert?
carry out work on the portfolio a) when you walk at a constant speed down a horizontal hallway, and
b) when using an escalator to go from the first floor to the second of a building? Justify your answer.
response in each case.

In the first case, there is no work, since the force is equal to the weight and is perpendicular to the distance, in that case it is not.
Work exists because for work to exist, the force must be parallel to the distance. In the second case, yes, it exists.
Work is considered as weight because there is force, which means there is work against gravity.

P6.16 If a book slides on a table, the friction force does negative work on it. Does it exist
Is there any case where friction does positive work? Explain your answer. (Suggestion: Think about a box)
what is found at the back of a truck that accelerates.

Since the force of friction always opposes movement, it always generates negative work, there is no
in a way that it generates a positive outcome.

PROBLEMS
A tow truck pulls a car 5.00 km along a horizontal road using a cable whose
tension is 1350 N.
a) How much work does the cable do on the car if it pulls it horizontally? And if it pulls at an angle?
35.0°?
b) How much work does the cable perform on the towing truck in both cases of section a)?
c) How much work does gravity do on the car in part a)?

W = (850 N)·(5000 m)·cos(0º)

W = 4250 kJ

W = (850 N)·(5000 m)·cos(35º)

W = 3841.40 kJ

Gravity does no work, as it is a force perpendicular to the displacement.

A worker pushes horizontally a 30.0 kg box a distance of 4.5 m on a flat floor, with
constant speed. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the floor and the box is 0.25. a) What magnitude
What force must the worker apply?
b) How much work does that force do on the box?
c) How much work does friction do on the box?
d) How much work does the normal force do on the box? And gravity?
e) What total work is done on the box?

a) F = 0.25 30 9.8

73.5 N

b) the work is

W = F x cosθ

W=Fx

W = 73.5 4.5

W = 330.75 J

c)

W = -330.75 J

d) Cos 90 = 0

W=0

e) W = 330.75 -330.75

W=0J
6.7 Two blocks are connected by a light rope that passes through
a pulley without mass or friction (See figure). While traveling at speed
constant, the 20.0 N block moves 75.0 cm to the right and the
block of 12.0
N moves 75.0 cm downwards. During the process,
a) How much work does gravity do on each block?
b) How much work does the tension in the rope do on each
block?
c) How much work does friction do on the 20.0 N block?
d) How much work does the normal force do on the block?
20.0 N?
e) Obtain the total work done on each block.

20 N

75 cm = 0.75 m

12 N

P2= -75N

Fr = P2 - F1 - F2

Fr = 75 N - 20 N - 12 N

43 N

W=F*d

W = 12 N * 0.75 m

W = 9 Joules

T = 20 N + 43 N

T = 63 N

Approximately 50,000 years ago, a meteorite crashed into the Earth near what
currently it is the city of Flagstaff in Arizona. Measurements taken in 2005 estimate that this meteorite
it had an approximate mass of 1.4 x 108kg (about 150,000 tons) and impacted the ground at 12 km/s.
a) How much kinetic energy did this meteorite transmit to the ground?
b) How does this energy compare to that of a 1.0 megaton atomic bomb? (A one megaton bomb
it releases the same amount of energy as one million tons of TNT, and 1.0 ton of TNT releases 4.184 x 109J
of energy).

= x ( 1.4 x 10^8 ) x ( 12 x 10^3 )² = 1 x 10^16 J

1 ton of TNT = 4.184 x 10⁹ J

10⁶ tons of TNT = 4.184 x 10¹⁵ J II

Comparing I and II

The energy released by a meteorite is more than double the energy released by a 1.0 megaton nuclear bomb.

6.22 Use the work-energy theorem to solve the following problems. Use Newton's laws to.
check your answers.
a) A skier moving at 5.00 m/s reaches a horizontal, rough, and long snow area, whose
the coefficient of kinetic friction with the skis is 0.220. How far does she travel over this area before
stop?
b) Assume that the rough area in item a) is only 2.90 m in length. How quickly would it move?
the skier upon reaching the end of that area?
c) At the base of a frictionless frozen hill that rises at 25.0° above the horizontal, a sled
it has a speed of 12.0 m/s toward the hill. How high above the base will it reach before stopping?

Kinetic friction force

fk = μk * FN

FN = W : normal force

W = m*g : weight

9.8*m

fk = 0.220 * 9.8 * m

fk = (2.156)*m

Work done by kinetic friction force

ΔE = Ef - Ei

Kf + Uf = 0

Ei = Kf + Uf = (1/2)(m)(5)² + 0

ΔE = - (1/2)(m)(5)²

ΔE = Wf

0 - (1/2)(m)(5)² = -fk*d

-(1/2)(m)(5)^2= -(2.156)*(m)*d

(1/2)(5)²= (2.156)*d
12.5 = (2.156) * d

(12.5) / (2.156)

5.8 meters

A 30.0 kg box is initially moving with a speed of magnitude equal to 3.90 m/s in a
direction 37.0° west of north. How much work must be done on the box to change its speed to
5.62 m/s in a direction of 63.0° south of east?

Vo = ( - 3.9m/s * sin(37°) i^ , ( 3.9m/s * cos(37°) ) j^ )

Vo = - 3.9m/s* 0.60 i^ , 3.9m/s* 0.80 j^

Vo = - 2.34m/s i^ , 3.12m/s j^

Vo² = - (2.34m/s)² i^ , (3.12m/s)² j^

Vo² = - 5.48m²/s² i^ , 9.73m²/s² j^

Vf = ( 5.62m/s* cos(63°) i^ , ( - 5.62*sen(63°) ) j^

Vf = ( 5.62m/s* 0.45) i^ , ( - 5.62*0.89 ) j^

Vf = ( 2.53m/s i^ , - 5.0m/s j^ )

Vf² = 6.40m²/s² i^ , -25.0m²/s² j^

Vf² - Vo² = (6.40m²/s² - 5.48m²/s²) i^ , ( -25.0m²/s² + 9.73m²/s²) j^

Vf² - Vo² = 0.92m²/s² i^ , -15.27m²/s² j^

DV² = √( (0.92m²/s²)² + (15.27m²/s²)² )

15.3 m²/s²

W = (1/2) * m * DV²

W = 0.5 * 30Kg * 15.3m²/s²

W = 229.5 Joules

How many joules of energy does a 100-watt light bulb consume each hour? At what speed would it have?
what speed must a 70 kg person run to have that amount of kinetic energy?

Energy of the bulb = 100 * 1hr * 60 * 60 = 100*60*60 = 360000J

also Kinetic energy = 1/2 * m * v * v = 360000 = Energy of the light bulb

s v = sqrt(2E/m) = sqrt(720000/70) = sqrt(10285.7) = 101.4 m/s

This person would have to be running at approximately 101 meters per second.
A 20.0 kg stone slides over a rough horizontal surface at 8.00 m/s and eventually comes to a stop.
due to friction. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the stone and the surface is 0.200. What power
Does the stone stop due to friction?

t = v / μg = 8.00 / (0.200)(9.81) = 4.077 seconds

P=Ek/t=1/2mv2(0.5)(20.0)(8.002)/4.077

157 watts