Abandon: Voluntary decision of a player to accept defeat without the need to have

produced a Mate. Commonly, several forms of expressing abandonment are accepted, the most common is
to incline the own King.

Open, column: A column free of Pawns that opens possibilities of penetration being its
disputed possession and control by both players. The open columns are penetration routes.
whose domain and control represent a significant advantage.

Open game: When both players have infiltration routes, whether through columns
or diagonals. There is also talk of openings, variations, and open games.

Accumulation of advantages: Wilhelm Steinitz introduced the concept, by which the accumulation of
Small advantages translate into a greater advantage.

Adversary: Player from the opposite side, also called opponent.

Drowned, King: When a player has no legal move available due to a lack of pieces,
having them immobilized or blocked, or that their next move forces them to put their King in check, they
it says that its King is drowned and a tie occurs (draws).

Drown: To force the opposing King into a position with no possible moves because all are beaten.
caskets to which could to move

Isolated Pawn: It is called a Pawn that lacks a partner in both adjacent columns.
that support it by becoming a weakness and a target for attack. This is a weakness in games
positional.

Chess player: A player who plays or practices Chess.

Chess: A board game played between two people on a board of 64 alternating colored squares.
light and dark (white and black). Each player has 16 pieces of white and black chess.
respectively and the objective of the game is to checkmate the opponent's King.

Bishop: Minor piece of the game of Chess. Each player has 2 (one for white squares and another
for black pieces) and they can only move along the diagonals and can never change the color of the square. The
The name comes from Arabic, al-Fil, which means 'the elephant.' Value: 3 points.

Good bishop, bad: A good bishop (active) is one that can move freely across squares.
not occupied by their own Pawns and that becomes very important in endgame. The Bishop
bad is everything the opposite since it becomes an inactive piece due to lacking an ideal range of action and
its activity is limited.

Bishops of different colors: Term used when at the end of a game each player has a Bishop, but
they are of different color. It is very likely that the game will end in a draw if the forces are balanced.

Bishop, for: Two Bishops vs. one Bishop and a Knight or two Knights.

Ajeeb: A life-sized figure that was operated by many chess and checkers players.
including the Constant Ferdinand Burille. Built by Charles Hopper in 1865. Played more than 900
losing only three times in Chess and without any defeat in Draughts.

Algebraic, notation: Notation system created by Stamma that consists of a unique numbering.
for all the squares of the board. The first horizontal row of white pieces is used for the
Denomination of all columns from left to right: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h. The columns
Verticals have numbered boxes from 1 to 8. This type of notation has become established in almost
everyone about the descriptive, as it is considered more accurate and uniform.
Amateur: Person or player who practices Chess as a hobby without being a professional player.
make chess a profession.

Threat: Move or maneuver aimed at obtaining material or positional gain. If the

The threatened gang has no effective reply; it is said to be an unstoppable threat.

Analysis: The calculation of a series of moves based on a particular position in a game.

official games the analysis is limited due to the time limitation. The analysis is the study of the
possible variants and the judgment about them.

Analyst: It is the person who conducts analysis. It can be an active player or a theoretical one dedicated to it.
specialty. Currently, almost all frontline players are accompanied
by one or more analysts.

Annotation: Written comments about a game. It can be narrative, chess notation or

both.

Opening: The sequence of moves made by both players at the beginning of a

chess game. There is a great variety of openings but the purpose is always the same:
ensure that one side, or the other, or both, that the best moves are made at the beginning of a
opening. The intention of the opening is to quickly and correctly develop the chess pieces.
according to a plan whose first objective is to occupy and dominate the center of the board.

Postponement: A game that is not finished can be postponed and continued at a later time/date.
afternoon. The player who will make the next move on the board is required to write their next
movement on a piece of paper that will be given to the Referee. This is called 'secret'. When starting the
the game, this move should be the next one to be played on the board. The postponement rule was
introduced for the first time in the year 1878 in Paris.

Arbitration: It is the judgment issued by an arbitrator or arbitration commission regarding a litigation case that has arisen in the
course of a match or chess competition. The supreme arbitral authority is the Federation
International Chess Federation (FIDE).

Attack: An aggressive action during a game or series of plays that has the purpose of obtaining
a material advantage or the threat of capturing a Pawn, a major piece, or checkmating the King.

Double attack: A common tactical action in games where a piece, by making its move,
attacks simultaneously two pieces of the opponent.

Self-obstruction: It is the blocking of one piece by another of its same side, due to a development.
incorrect or a wrong maneuver.

Flag: Small colored flag located at the 11 o'clock position of each dial of the double clock and that acts
as a final time indicator for each player in a game of Chess. Its function is to indicate
automatically and visibly that the corresponding regular time for the player expires. To
to fall, the player must have made the stipulated number of moves.

Rook: Two Rooks or Queen and Bishop of the same color positioned on the same row or diagonal.

Bishop: Rook, in English

White: Chess pieces of a light color that generally start a game. This constitutes
an initial advantage over the black pieces, as it allows taking the initiative and, to some extent, making the
agenda of the match in the first two stages of the game.

Blitz: A word of German origin meaning lightning or flash, and which is applied to games or matches.
fast. These Blitz Chess tournaments are very frequent.
Blocked: A Pawn that cannot advance because it is blocked by another Pawn or by a
piece. The said Pawn is considered weak.

Block: Stop the advance of an enemy Pawn by placing one of your own pieces in front of it. When the
The blockage is total, a draw can be agreed upon between both players.

Ground, Mate: Maneuver achieved with both bishops that apart from putting in check, has control of all the
Free squares around the King's opponent. Popularized by the English Grandmaster.
Samuel Standige Boden.

Knight: Minor piece of Chess. At the beginning of a game, each player has two Knights.
the movement of the Horse is very peculiar since it is the only piece that 'jumps' over its own pieces and
Enemies with a movement that simulates the letter 'L'. Value: 3 points.

Chain of Pawns: It consists of more than two Pawns in a staggered sequence in a

diagonal. The chain can be movable or immovable. A movable chain has dynamic strength whose
intervention can be decisive in some matches.

Caissa: Goddess (Muse) of Chess. The name is taken from a Nymph in a poem composed by Sir
William Jones in 1763. It is based on Vida's 'Scacchia ludus', in which it refers to the
Nymph like 'Scacchis'.

Calculation: It is the anticipation of plays and maneuvers with their variants. Generally, the superiority of a
player over another is based on the ability to foresee a greater number of plays. In any case
way, all this is relative due to the complexity of such a calculation. To illustrate the topic, the mathematical calculation
It indicates that there are almost 170 octillion (170 followed by 27 zeros) combinations and possible variants.
in just the first 10 moves.

Calculus of variations: The action of processing a sequence of moves without manual intervention
they have to move the pieces. It is an essential requirement to achieve a certain level in
Chess.

Quality: It refers to the relative value of the pieces. A Knight or a Bishop has less value than
a Rook. Therefore, exchanging a Rook for a Knight or a Bishop means a loss of quality, and a
inverse is the opposite.

Exchange: Reciprocal taking of pieces of equivalent value. For example, Queen for Queen, Rook for Rook,
Rook for Rook, Pawn for Pawn, etc.

Piece change: It refers to successive captures, which generally occur during the course of
mid-game and allow to clarify the positions. These changes are usually initiated by the player who
anticipating a favorable ending, it triggers a massive liquidation of the material.

Candidates, tournament: Final phase of the tests aimed at designating the official candidate for the title for
the World Championship.

Capture: Removal of a chess piece from the board by a player who makes the
Capture. In notation, the capture symbol is: "x". The captured piece is removed from the board and does not take
A part in the game anymore. Capturing a piece means depriving the opponent of the use of it.
piece.

En Passant: En Passant is a special power that a Pawn acquires when it reaches the
fifth square that allows you to capture an enemy Pawn if that Pawn decides to bypass it in its
first move when it can usually advance two squares. The En Passant capture is a
option that must be played immediately on a turn. It is also known as Take the Pass
Capture on the fly. In notation, the symbol for Capture on the Move is: 'e.p.'
Square: A name given to any space or square on the chessboard of any color. Also
It is common to call it "Escaque".

Central, Pawn: Each of the Pawns from the King and Queen columns, or columns e and d, according to
the algebraic notation.

Centralization: It consists of bringing the pawns or pieces to the center of the board, that is,
squares d4, d5, e4, e5. The center is very important in a game of chess and the struggle for
Controlling it many times resolves the game.

Centralize: A tactical maneuver aimed at placing one or more Pawns as well as other pieces in the center.
of the board.

Center: The four squares at the geometric center of the chessboard. The movements of
The openings are aimed at trying to take over and control the center. Rows 'e' and 'd' are the rows
central. Often, a game or a good part of it revolves around the control and possession of the
center.

Chess

Blindfold chess: A mode of chess that involves playing one or several games at the same time.
without seeing the board or the pieces. The Grandmaster George Koltanowski gave a blind exhibition in
December 1951 playing 50 simultaneous games at a rate of 10 seconds per move with a
result of 43 victories, 5 draws and 2 losses. Other notable blind players have been Paul
Morphy, Alexander Alekhine, and Richard Reti.

Isolated Pawn: A pawn that is part of a chain of pawns but is not supported by
another.

Place, I place: A player who wishes to correct or adjust the position of a certain piece within their
When a player lands on a square during a game, they must ask their opponent for permission aloud with the word "Coloco".
if this is the rule. A player who does not comply with this requirement and moves a piece, their opponent
can force the pawn or the touched piece to move.

Columns: Vertical rows of squares on a chessboard. The board consists of 8

Columns and 8 Rows. In algebraic notation, the columns are named from left to
right: a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h.

Combination: A sequence of moves that can achieve an immediate victory or an overwhelming one.
position or material advantage. The most spectacular combinations occur when there is an abundance of
the deliveries or sacrifices of material, especially of larger parts, that are accompanied by a
Checkmate.

Commentary: It is the critical review of a game and the examination of the moves, maneuvers, and situations.
decisive. It encompasses not only the movements but also the logical and psychological process of each
player.

Competition: There are two types of competitions: tournaments with multiple participants and matches.
individuals. Matches for the world champion title belong to this last class.

Results computation: In tournaments, championships, and matches, the practice is to award 1 point to
winner, 1/2 point for draws and 0 for losses. Occasionally, when it comes to individual matches,
Only victories and defeats are counted, without taking into account ties.

Counterattack: An offensive action that a player initiates in response to one that their opponent unleashed.
previously. For a strategy to be effective, a counterattack is much more recommended than
a passive defense in order to avoid being carried away by the opponent's game.
Countergambit: Player who responds to a Gambit with another Gambit.

Control of the center: More important than the occupation of the center by pieces or own pawns is the
control of it. The control of the center is, according to theorists, crucial for proper development.

Time control: According to FIDE regulations, the games have a time limit. For
To control it, a double clock is used that counts and accumulates the time spent by each player.

Crowning: A pawn that reaches the eighth square can 'crown' and become a major piece:
Queen, Rook, Bishop or Knight.

Cover: To place one’s own piece in front of the King to protect it from a check.

Lady: Name given to the Queen for purely notation reasons.

Weak: (Pawn), one who is unprotected and at the mercy of the opponent; (Square), one that is
exposed to being occupied by the opponent; (Play), a move that is not necessarily bad,
benefits the player who made it.

Defense: A move or set of moves from the black side in response to the opening. The defense can
it is symmetric or asymmetric, depending on whether it reproduces the movements of the target or not.

Development: A process of distributing the chess pieces at the beginning of a game in a way
quick and effective, emphasizing placing pawns in the center and developing knights and bishops. Some
fundamental principles of development are: a) speed and coherence in the mobilization of laborers and
pieces; b).- do not play, except in exceptional cases, more than once the same piece in the initial phase (it
waste time); c).- all offensive action must be prepared by harmonious development.

Decentralization: Maneuver by which one or more pieces are removed from the center. It can
respond to avoid a loss of material or initiate an attack from a flank.

Descriptive notation: A notation system in which the initial position of the white and black pieces
it is used to name the squares of the chessboard. The descriptive notation consists of
name the columns with the capital letter of the piece that initially occupies the base square,
starting to count each side from its own position, that is, each square has two
numberings. Example: 1. P4R means that the White King Pawn advances to the fourth rank of the
white. 1. ... P4R means that the black king's pawn moves to the fourth square of the column
Rey, counting from the base of the black pieces (that same square would be the fifth for the white pieces).

Diagonal: A row of squares of the same color that crosses the board in an oblique direction instead
to do it up and down or side to side. The larger ones are those that go from Tower to Tower
and they are called major diagonals. The Bishops move along the diagonals.

Diagram: Drawing or graphic that represents the board with all its squares and the position of all.
some or none of the pieces.

Double, Towers: Player who places their two Towers along a column leaning.
Mutually. An offensive maneuver that is very effective in open columns.

Duration of a game: It is measured by the number of moves and the time spent. A game
Normal of 40 or 45 movements usually lasts around five hours. The duration is very
The longest official game on record was played in 1953 in Mar del Plata, Argentina.
between Pilnik and Czerniak; it extended over 191 moves and lasted 23 hours.

Elo, system: A player rating system for chess that was developed by the Professor
Arpad Elo (1903 - 1993) from Milwaukee. A player is assigned an initial rating that increases or
decreases according to the results obtained in official matches.
In passing: From the French language 'en passant' (e.p.) which means Capture in Passing. It is sometimes referred to.
how to Capture on the fly or Take on the go.

Castling: A special move that allows a player's King to be placed on a square that is
reasonably safe from an enemy attack. There are two types of Castling: Short castling (flank of
King-side castling (King's flank) and Queen-side castling. In notation, the symbol for castling is: "0-0 (short) and 0-0-0"
(long). To perform the castling, it is necessary that the intermediate squares between the King and the Rook are not
occupied or threatened, that the King is not in check and that the King or the Rook have made some
movement.

Square: The same as Cell or Box.

Space: It is the set of squares or boxes that make up the Chessboard.

Scheme: The arrangement of pawns and pieces on the board according to a basic concept.

Strategy: The formation of plans, with the available means, towards the achievement of the
victory. A correct strategy requires ongoing assessment of the actions being undertaken.

Structure: It is the distribution and arrangement of the pieces and pawns of one side.

Phases of a match: Every match is a complete unit that consists of three phases.
defined: opening, middle game, and endgame.

Fianchetto: Italian term meaning "on the flank" and that applies only to the Bishops.
Fianchetto involves the development of any Bishop to b2, which is prior to the move P3C. The idea of
this maneuver is to take control of the center of the board by a Bishop through a diagonal that goes from
Tower to Tower.

FIDE: International Chess Federation, the highest body of world chess created in the year
from 1924 in Paris. Among the faculties of FIDE are everything related to world titles.

Figure(s): It is synonymous with piece(s).

File: A vertical column of 8 squares. In Algebraic notation, they are designated as follows: a,
b, c, d, e, f, g and h.

Base row: It is the first row in which the King and the other pieces are initially placed.

Final (en): Final phase of a chess game following the Opening and the Middlegame. This last
phase, is characterized by a reduced number of pieces, the King moves from being a passive element
joining the attack and the possibility of crowning Pawns.

End of game: A chess game can end for one of these reasons: checkmate to
uno de los Reyes; abandono de uno de los oponentes; tablas acordadas entre los dos jugadores;
total removal of pieces and pawns, leaving only both kings; insufficient material
to achieve checkmate; execute fifty consecutive moves without moving pawns or making captures
some (the game is declared a draw).

Forfeit: French term meaning loss of a chess game due to non-appearance.

Forsyth notation: Notation system created by the Englishman David Forsyth (1857-1909) that, without having
From a diagram, a position is recreated. The position of the white pieces is expressed with the initial.
uppercase for the piece O and lowercase for the blacks. Empty squares are identified with a
number, for example, a Black Horse located on square c6, is noted as 2c5. For this purpose, the board
is described from left to right, starting from the eighth row a8 to h8 (the base of the black pieces) and
ending in the first row, a1 to h1 (the base of the whites).
Flanco: The rows a, b, and c on the Queen's side and the rows f, g, and h on the King's side.

Lady's Side: A set of 32 squares that constitutes the vertical half of the board and corresponds
next to the Ladies. In contrast, the other vertical half of the board is called the flank or wing of the
Ray.

Forced, play: Movement of a piece imposed by a direct threat: when all the pieces
they are paralyzed and only one possible move is available; when check is given and the King has a say
only from one square to where to move; when, although there are several alternatives, only
one is correct or advisable.

Forces: This refers to the total value of the chess pieces of one side considered as a whole.

Gambit: An opening maneuver in which at least one pawn is offered in exchange for
a solid position, an opportunity to attack or a time and space advantage that allows a
rapid development. If it is the black who makes the sacrifice, it is called a counter-gambit. It originates according to
the Spanish champion of the sixteenth century, Ruy López, from the Italian gamba (leg) and his verb gambettare
to trip or stumble

Won, game: It is said when one of the sides has an irrefutable advantage, although the
the game is not finished yet.

WE ARE ONE: Motto of the International Chess Federation, a word originating from Latin that
We are one lineage.

Giuoco Piano: Italian term that means 'quiet game' originating in the 15th century and that gives name
to a Chess Opening.

GMA: The unfortunate Grand Masters Association (Asociación de Grandes Maestros - AGM) under the
Kok's presidency demonstrated how Chess should be organized with a professional circuit that
hosted the memorable World Cup Series under the direction of the Lubos Kavalek Tournament.

International Grandmaster: A title awarded to a player with a rating of 2550.

points or more according to the ELO system and which is considered the highest category in Chess.

Handicap: English word that designates an initial advantage that a certain player offers to their opponent.
to be obviously superior to him.

Hastings, tournament: Important chess meeting held annually in the English city of
Hastings.

Hypermodern, Chess: A fundamental idea developed by Aaron Nimzovich during the years
Twenty and it consists of controlling the center from a distance, allowing the opponent to advance their pawns.
centers to attack them at the right moment.

Hipophobia: Greek word that literally means: 'horror of horses.'

Hole: English term that means pit or hole and in chess terms it is called a
a square that is not occupied by an opponent.

ICCF: International Correspondence Chess Federation

Correspondence.

Equality: It is the balance of forces and position during the game. The symbol for recording the
equality is "=".

Inferiority: It is the noticeable disadvantage. A position is said to be inferior when one side
it presents clear disadvantages although the game is not lost.
Initiative: A player in a position to pressure their opponent into reacting is said to have
the "Initiative." It is also the preponderance of one side over another, indicating the direction of the game.

Immortal, game: A beautiful game of chess held between the players Anderssen and Kieseritzky in
the year 1851 and was won by Anderssen. It took place at Simpson's-in-the-Strand (one of the
finer chess halls.

Theoretical innovation: A move or maneuver carried out for the first time. Abbreviated as 'N'.

Interference: Obstructive action of one piece by another of the same side.

Interposition: A maneuver that consists of placing a piece or a pawn between an enemy piece that
attacks and the attacked piece.

Interzonal, tournament: Second phase within the series of matches to designate the candidate for the
world title.

Irregular: It is said of an opening, play, or line of play that does not adhere to the principles of theory.

Check: A player who threatens the opponent's King with any legal piece is said to put it in check.
Check to the King. The player who makes a Check must loudly say: 'Check' and then
the opponent must move their King out of Check. In notation, the symbol for Check is: '+'.

Discovered check: This type of check occurs when a piece that was moved...
in front of another piece of its own, causing a check. The strength of this maneuver lies in the fact that the piece that
moves, along with creating the check, simultaneously threatens or captures another piece or closes the
I am moving to an escape route of the enemy king.

Continuous check: This term refers to a situation where a perpetual or uninterrupted check can be given without the ...
the opponent can avoid it. The game is declared a draw.

Double Check: This is called when a player not only puts the opponent's King in check, but also...
also attacks another piece simultaneously. A very common maneuver with Knights.

Checkmate: When a player attacks the opposing King in such a way that it cannot legally escape.
being captured, it is said that it is in Checkmate and the game ends. The player who applies the Mate
It will simply say aloud: "Checkmate." In notation, the symbol for Checkmate is: "++".

Perpetual Check: A player who is put in check continuously and without the opponent being able to escape.
if it can be avoided, it is called perpetual check or continuous check and the game will be considered a draw.

Move: Each alternate move made by both contestants in a game of Chess.

Player: Each of the two contenders in a match.

Kibitzer: German word for a person who makes comments on a chess game.

King

Knight: Horse, in English.

Knockout: International name of the system of play by successive eliminations to the first match
lost.

Kriegspiel: German word that means 'war game' that gave chess player modality to a game
of the same name.
Play or maneuver.

Legal, mate: A very well-known Mate attributed to the French player Lgal (1710-1792). The concept
The lady's commitment is fundamental to obtain it.

Connected pawns: Pawns that are supported by each other, which is the opposite of an isolated pawn.

Crazy, mate of: A quick checkmate that has been known since ancient times and is developed from
next mode: 1.- P3AR, P4R; 2.- P4CR, D5T Mate (1. f3, e5 2. g4, Qh4++).

Air: A German term that means 'air'. In chess, it means 'to give the King a breather'.
It refers to moving a Pawn that is in front of the King to prevent the possibility of a back rank checkmate.

Master: Title granted to a Chess player with a rating of 2200 or more. It is the rank.
higher in Chess that is obtained by competing in major Tournaments.

Maneuver: Sequence of plays linked together according to an objective.

Simplifying maneuver: A technical resource that consists of causing the change of pieces to enter
in the final. It occurs when a player believes they have enough advantage.

Match: Encounter between two chess players at an agreed number of established games.
in advance.

Mate: Abbreviation of Checkmate.

Mate in four: A very common mate among beginner players: 1.- P4R, P4R; 2.- A4A, A4A; 3.-
D5T, C3AR; 4.- DxPA Mate.

Corner mate: It is the one that is administered in one of the four corners of the board.
It is one of the preferred subjects for problem solvers.

Dual mate: A mate that can be achieved in two different ways.

Material: Elements or pieces of a player. Total set of effective members of one side.

Major pieces: Name given to the Queen and the Rooks.

Majority of Pawns: Numerical superiority of Pawns. It can be said for the whole board or for a sector.
of the same.

Midgame: The second phase of a game that follows the opening or development and in which great
part of the action takes place. Usually, at this stage, the decisive actions occur and
determinants of the outcome.

Minors, pieces: Name given to the Bishop and Knight.

Mobility: The ability of the pieces to move freely across the chessboard.
greater or lesser mobility plays an important and sometimes decisive role.

Movement: Synonym of play.

Black: Chess pieces of dark color that are generally the pieces of the second player.
from a game. It is very common in Chess comments to substitute the names of the players with the
color of the drive pieces.

Nomenclature In the game of Chess, it is the set of specific and proper terms.
Notation: System for annotating moves and positions of a Chess game. The most
employees are the descriptive and the algebraic. The descriptive is preferably used in countries of
speaks Spanish and English. However, most teachers and top players use the
algebraic that FIDE has determined the official.

Numbering: Assignment of a given number to each of the players in a Chess match.

Objective: The purpose of a game of Chess, which is to checkmate the opponent's King.

Obstruction: Any piece of a player that prevents the opponent from occupying a certain square. At the beginning
in a game, all the pieces are blocked by their own Pawns except for the
Horses that can jump over them.

Offensive, action: A concept that is the opposite of defensive. It is said to go on the offensive.
as a synonym for taking the initiative.

Chess Olympiad: Chess tournament held every two years in which everyone participates.
the national teams of the countries in the world where Chess is practiced. Previously it was
called "Nations Tournament."

Open tournament: An open tournament in which all chess players participate regardless of their
chess player strength or ranking.

Opposition: When two kings face each other in a row with one square of separation, the
the player who made the last move is said to have obtained the "Opposition." In endgames, this advantage tends to
it is decisive because it constitutes an advantage due to its greater mobility.

Distant opposition: It is said that they are in 'distant opposition' to the Kings who are opposed or
separated by more than one box, row, or line from each other and still maintain the relationship of
opposition (for example, the Kings in g1 and g5). The Kings in distant opposition can maneuver very
followed towards a simpler position of direct opposition although such maneuver almost always requires
a very meticulous calculation.

Opposites: This term refers to the castling and attacks carried out on different flanks.

Chess Game: Series of moves or actions taken by the two chess players with the
the purpose of checkmating the opponent's King.

Past, Pawn: A Pawn that does not face another Pawn in its same column or on its sides, preventing it.
a step towards the eighth position and a possible coronation.

Pastor, mate of: An elemental mate that can only be produced among beginners. Its
The description is as follows: 1. e4, e5 2. Bc4, Bc5 3. Qh5, Nf6 4. Qxf7++.

Term or word of French origin that is universally used to designate the result of
tables by drowned King.

Pawn

PCA: After a long friction with the International Chess Organization (FIDE), Garry
Kasparov created a rival organization in 1993: The Professional Chess Association (PCA).

Pawn: A chess piece with a conventional value of one point. At the beginning of a game, each player
has 8 Pawns of its respective color.

Penetration: Maneuver by which a player manages to infiltrate their pieces into enemy territory.
Delayed pawn: It is one whose Pawns of the same side corresponding to the adjacent columns,
They are advanced. The backward pawn, just like the isolated pawn, constitutes a weakness in the game.
medium. That assessment may be different at a final.

Advanced Pawn: This refers to a Pawn that has crossed the fourth rank. If it is well protected, it holds great
strategic value. If it is not well protected, it constitutes a weakness.

Bent pawn: This is called a pawn that, when capturing an opponent's piece, positions itself in a
column where one or more Pawns of the same side are located. It can be a disadvantage,
especially in finals.

Waste of time: This term refers to any ineffective move.

PGN: Portable Game Notation, a chess notation system

standardized that is commonly used in viewer programs for Chess games.

Plan: It is the mental scheme, based on the analysis of a situation, in order and direction towards a
objective.

Position: Structure formed by the Pawns and the pieces of both sides at a given moment in the game.
game. If the concept is limited to only one of the sides, one can talk about the position of the whites or
of the black women.

Premature, attack: One that begins without having the necessary support to carry it out. It is a
frequent error among beginners.

Fundamental principles: Develop the pieces quickly, placing them in points where they can
act with greater effectiveness; do not move the same piece multiple times during the opening; do not venture into
premature attacks; not playing the Queen too soon; preparing the castle, without rushing into it
do it before noticing the intentions of the adversary.

Problem: Position conceived by a specialist in which through a determined number of

Checkmate must be given in plays.

Promotion: When a Pawn reaches the eighth square, that Pawn will be promoted to any piece.
greater than a player chooses. Usually, the Queen is chosen for being the most powerful piece on
the chessboard.

Scoring: In official tournaments, each player is awarded 1 point for each game won, ½ point
0 for a draw and 0 for a loss.

Range of action: The set or number of squares that a piece controls or can
to move

Ranking: Official classification system to designate Chess players based on their strength
Chess and what is achieved in individual game results in Federation Tournaments.

Rapid, game: Fast games in which players have a very limited time frame.
to carry out your movements.

Checkmate net: It is the sequence of moves that inevitably leads to checkmate.

Regulations: A set of rules or norms that govern the players of Chess, the matches.
and official tournaments. The FIDE regulations, approved by the Etocolmo Congress in 1952, with
subsequent modifications regulate the universal activity of Chess.

Queen: Major piece of the game of Chess. At the beginning of a game, each player has one.
piece. Its movement is the most varied of all the pieces, making it very versatile. Without a doubt, the
chess piece most powerful and of most value after the King, with a conventionally fixed value.
in 9 points.

Clock: In Tournaments, a double Clock is placed beside the players. When a player moves a
piece, then you must press the button on your own Clock which will activate the Clock and
time of your opponent. In this way, the time will be equitable for both.

Draw: Draw or tie in German. A very common term that is used internationally.

Repetition: In a game, if a position is repeated 3 times, it is declared a draw or stalemate and the game
Ends. The player who makes the triple replay move can claim a Tie.

King: Undoubtedly, the most important piece on the chessboard since the objective of the game is to give checkmate.
Checkmate to the King. Its value is infinite since if the King is lost, the chess game is lost.

Rook: Tower in English.

Breakthrough: Open a gap in the opponent's structure.

Sacrifice: The exchange of one piece for another of lesser value due to tactical or necessary reasons. The sacrifice
it can be voluntary or forced. This usually forms part of a plan. If the sacrifice is required for
to avoid greater evils, forced sacrifice is mentioned.

Secret move: This is the move that is recorded in secret, not made on the board.
the case of postponing the partition.

Always Alive, game: Famous chess game played in 1982 between Anderssen and Dufresne. It is referred to
It was named that way because Steinitz felt that it would always remain as fresh as the very day it was made.
I carry out.

Simultaneous, games: These are the games in which a chess player faces several players at the same time.
the same time, each of them on their respective board. Usually the player is a Master of
Chess and start the games with the white pieces.

Staunton, Howard: English Chess Champion (1810-1874) and designer of chess pieces
that bear their name.

Swiss, system: A player pairing method created by J. Miller and that was applied by
first time in the Zurich Tournament of 1895. Its application is ideal in Tournaments in which the players
there are many and the rounds of play are limited.

Draws: The same as a tie. Draws can occur for the following reasons: 1).- When
only the two Kings remain on the board; 2).- When even if one of the players has advantages not
are enough to form the mate; 3).- In a position of total equality; 4).- When each player has
50 moves made without playing any pawns or making any captures of pieces, unless you...
I can demonstrate that more than 50 moves are required to checkmate; 5).- When the same
Play or the same position three times, and one of the players claims a draw; 6).- When agreed upon
the two opponents decide.

Board: Surface of 64 squares or squares (32 white and 32 black) on which a...
chess game. A white square must always be in the bottom right corner of the board
before each player.

Tactics: A set of offensive and defensive actions that take place during a
game, directed towards the plan or strategy of each player with the intention of achieving their goal.
Theory: A set of universally valuable knowledge gathered throughout the history of Chess.
theory allows for presenting and resolving situations using given solutions. The knowledge of the
theory is essential to achieve a certain level.

Time: In the current Chess Game, the match is time-limited.

To take: The same as Capture or Capturing.

Tournament: Chess meeting in which several players participate.

Rook: Major piece of Chess. At the start of a game, each player has two Rooks.
Movement is vertical and horizontal. Value: 5 points.

Trebejo: This term refers to all the pieces in the game of Chess.

Triangulation: A process in which a King requires two moves to position itself on a square that
could have been reached in a single move. The initial square and the 2 squares to which it has been
displaced, they form a "triangle." Triangulation is generally used only in endings and
usually it is related to the King -- a King is forced to go back and forth between two squares while the
Another King has three squares (the "triangle") at his disposal.

The Turk, a chess-playing automaton made in 1789 by Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen and operated
by a hidden Chess player (supposedly Allgaier, the strongest player in Vienna at that time)
days), and that it was ingeniously hidden inside the machine.

Value of the pieces: Chess scholars have established a conventional value for all the
pieces based on practice and their experience. The commonly accepted values are from the
1 point
King = Infinite.

Variant: Each of the sequences of ordered, analyzed, and generally accepted moves
the theory from an initial position.

Advantage: The accumulation of material or position achieved through a game. At the beginning of a...
In the game, the advantage is nonexistent.

WCC: World Chess Council. During the opening ceremony at

Linares, organizer Luis Rentero and Kasparov announced the creation of the World Chess Council
(CMA). The two proposed to sponsor a match of ten games between Kramnik and Anand in
Cazorla, Spain starting from May 20.

Westphalia, defense: A defense based on a counter-gambit starting from move number 6 of the pieces.
black.

Winawer, counter-gambit: Opening popularized by the Polish Master Simon Winawer in the early
Century.

Time trouble: A German term that means "problems with time."

Zonal tournament: First of a series of matches organized by FIDE to designate the candidate for
the world title.

Zugzwang: A German term that means 'compulsion to move' and refers to a situation in which
that a player would wish not to have to move a piece since any move would lead them to a
deterioration of their position and they have to move as it is not legal to stay.
Zwischenzug: A German term that means 'in between.' A surprise move that, when it
it apparently executes in a logical sequence (for example: a Check that interrupts a series of
exchanges), completely changes the result of that sequence.