Test module B
AE1110X
Ir. Nando Timmer
Salomon Voorhoeve
Delft University of Technology
Aero Icarus - CC – BY - NC - SA 3.0
AE1110x - Introduction to Aeronautical Engineering
Question 1
At standard sea level conditions the ow through a converging-diverging channel has a velocity of
150 m/s at the entrance. If the area in the channel decreases with about 20%:
A) The temperature in the channel decreases
B) The temperature in the channel increases
C) The temperature remains constant
D) It is impossible to say what happens to the temperature without additional information
Question 2
We call a ow incompressible when the change in density is less than:
A) 0.3%
B) 1%
C) 5%
D) 10%
Question 3
Consider the ow over the airfoil. Look at the next statements:
With increasing Reynolds number:
1. The boundary layer thickness decreases while the transition location moves backwards
2. The transition location moves forward while the drag increases
3. The transition location moves forward while the drag decreases
4. The boundary layer thickness decreases while the transition location moves forward.
Which option is correct?
A) Both 1 and 4 are false
B) Both 1 and 3 are false
C) Both 3 and 4 are true
D) Both 2 and 4 are true
Question 4
Consider a supersonic windtunnel. What happens downstream of the throat?
A) The density decreases while the pressure increases
B) The density increases while the pressure decreases
C) The temperature increases while the pressure decreases
D) The pressure decreases and the temperature decreases
Question 5
Relative to the two-dimensional airfoil in incompressible ow, the lift curve slope of the wing at a
Mach number considerably higher than 0.3:
A) Decreases
B) Increases
C) Remains constant
D) Is di cult to establish without additional information
Test Module B 1
AE1110x - Introduction to Aeronautical Engineering
Cessna Grand Caravan
The following exercise is about a Cessna C208B Grand Caravan. You have 2 attempts for each of
the questions.
Note that the accuracy required for the questions is high, on most questions a margin of 2% has
been set (just as in the homework exercises). This could mean that an answer of 0.3 is marked
wrong when the actual answer is 0.31. Therefore, always enter a su cient number of signi cant
gures (usually 3 or 4 su ce).
Consider a Cessna C208B Grand Caravan, ying at 3000m at a relatively low speed of 245 km/hr
to allow a load of skydivers to exit the plane. Here you see the aircraft just after take-o:
Figure 1: A Cessna Grand Caravan. Image CC - BY 2.0 by Gerard van der Schaaf
At 3000m, the following properties of air are known:
Pressure: ph = 70121 N/m2 Density: h = 0:90926 kg/m3 Temperature: Th = 268:67 K
A) Calculate the Mach number to show that the compressibility of the ow can be neglected.
B) At a point B on top of the wing, just outside the boundary layer, the air ow velocity relative
to the wing is VB = 85 m/s. Calculate the pressure in point B, in Pa.
C) At a point C on the wing, the pressure is 68000 Pa. Calulate the pressure coe cient in point
C.
D) Suppose now that under a certain angle of attack, the minimum pressure coe cient at a very
low Mach number is -2. Calulate the critical Mach number for this angle of attack.
2 Test Module B
AE1110x - Introduction to Aeronautical Engineering
Boeing 727
Consider a Boeing 727 ying at 5000m under standard atmospheric conditions associated with that
altitude. It is ying with a velocity of 810 km/hr.
Figure 2: A Boeing 727. Image CC - BY - SA 2.0 by Andrew Thomas
Of the aircraft and the atmosphere we have the following information:
The reference wing area S: 149 m2
The span b: 34.5 m
The span e ciency factor e1 : 0.82
The pro le drag coe cient (Cd ) at 3 degrees angle-of-attack: 0.0062
The air density at h=5000m: 1 = 0:736 kg/m3
The temperature at h=5000m: T1 = 255:7 K
The static pressure at h=5000m: p1 = 5:41 104 N/m2
The speci c heat coe cient at constant pressure: cp = 1008 J/kg K
A) Calculate the Mach number at which the aircraft ies.
B) The wing pro le was measured in the wind tunnel at a very low Mach number. The tests gave
a zero-lift angle of -2 degrees and a lift coe cient of 0.6 for an angle-of-attack of 4 degrees.
Calculate the lift gradient ( dC
d ) of the pro le at this low Mach number, in 1/
l
C) For now, assume that the aircraft is ying at a Mach number M=0.6 and that the lift gradient
of the pro le is 0.11 per degree (Note: these are dierent numbers than the true answers
to the previous questions). Calculate the lift gradient ( dCd ) of the aircraft wing under the
l
actual ight conditions, in 1/ .
D) Assume that the lift gradient of the wing under the actual ight conditions is 0.1179 per
degree. (Note: this again diers from the true answer to the previous question). Calculate
the lift-drag ratio of the wing at an angle of attack of 3 degrees.
E) Determine the temperature in the stagnation point on the leading edge of the wing, in K.
F) Consider a point on the wing where the temperature is 250 K. Calculate the density in this
point, in kg/m3 .
Test Module B 3