Class 12 Integration Formulas
∫ k \, dx = kx + C
∫ x^n \, dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C \quad (n \neq -1)
∫ \frac{1}{x} \, dx = \ln|x| + C
∫ e^x \, dx = e^x + C
∫ a^x \, dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln a} + C \quad (a > 0, a \neq 1)
∫ \sin x \, dx = -\cos x + C
∫ \cos x \, dx = \sin x + C
∫ \sec^2 x \, dx = \tan x + C
∫ \csc^2 x \, dx = -\cot x + C
∫ \sec x \tan x \, dx = \sec x + C
∫ \csc x \cot x \, dx = -\csc x + C
∫ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} \, dx = \sin^{-1}x + C
∫ -\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} \, dx = \cos^{-1}x + C
∫ \frac{1}{1+x^2} \, dx = \tan^{-1}x + C
∫ -\frac{1}{1+x^2} \, dx = \cot^{-1}x + C
∫ \frac{1}{|x|\sqrt{x^2-1}} \, dx = \sec^{-1}x + C
∫ \sqrt{x^2 - a^2} \, dx = \frac{x}{2}\sqrt{x^2 - a^2} - \frac{a^2}{2}\ln|x + \sqrt{x^2 -
a^2}| + C
∫ \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2 - x^2}} \, dx = \sin^{-1}\left(\frac{x}{a}\right) + C
∫ \frac{1}{a^2 + x^2} \, dx = \frac{1}{a}\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x}{a}\right) + C
∫ \frac{1}{x^2 - a^2} \, dx = \frac{1}{2a}\ln\left|\frac{x-a}{x+a}\right| + C
∫ \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2 + a^2}} \, dx = \ln|x + \sqrt{x^2 + a^2}| + C