Problem-2: Applied Mathematics One(Math 1021)

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By:- Dejen Ketema
Arba Minch University
Department of Mathematics

December 20, 2018

Focus Group:UG1 Environmental Health

"Attention! Every student must be exercise and understand this practical problems and the
content that we discussed in chapter two before December 25 as far as possible."

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[Link]@[Link] Note: If you have any comment and suggestion please contacts me.

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r s t
1. Given that u v w = 4, evaluate the determinate.
x y z

−r −s −t
(a) 3u 3v 3w
2x 2y 2z
r s t
(b) 8u 8v 8w
x − 8r y − 8s z − 8t
(c) det(A−1 )
(d) det(A2 )

−r −s −t r s t r s t r s t
a) 3u 3v 3w = − 3u 3v 3w = (−3) u v w = (−6) u v w = (−6)4 = −24
2x 2y 2z 2x 2y 2z 2x 2y 2z x y z
r s t r s t r s t
b) 8u 8v 8w =8 u v w = 8 u v w = 8(4) = 32
x − 8r y − 8s z − 8t x − 8r y − 8s z − 8t x y z
c) det(A−1 ) = 1/4
d) det(A2 ) = 42 = 8

2. Manufacturing: Production Scheduling Ace Novelty wishes to produce three types of

souvenirs: types A, B, and C. To manufacture a type-A souvenir requires 2 minutes on
machine I, 1 minute on machine II, and 2 minutes on machine III. A type-B souvenir
requires 1 minute on machine I, 3 minutes on machine II, and 1 minute on machine III.
A type-C souvenir requires 1 minute on machine I and 2 minutes each on machines II
and III. There are 3 hours available on machine I, 5 hours available on machine II, and
4 hours available on machine III for processing the order. How many souvenirs of each
type should Ace Novelty make in order to use all of the available time? Formulate but do
not solve the problem.

3. Let’s begin by considering how the monthly output data of a manufacturer may be orga-
nized. The Acrosonic Company manufactures four different loudspeaker systems at three
separate locations. The company’s May output is described in Table 1.

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Model A Model B Model C Model D

Location I 320 280 460 280
Location II 480 360 580 0
Location III 540 420 200 880
Organizing Production data Consider the matrix
 
320 280 460 280
 
P = 480 360 580 0 
 
 
540 420 200 880

representing the output of loudspeaker systems of the Acrosonic Company discussed earlier
(see Table 1).

(a) What is the size of the matrix P?

(b) Find p24 (the entry in row 2 and column 4 of the matrix P), and give an interpretation
of this number.
(c) Find the sum of the entries that make up row 1 of P, and interpret the result.
(d) Find the sum of the entries that make up column 4 of P, and interpret the result.

4. Organizing Production data The total output of Acrosonic for June is shown in Table 2
Model A Model B Model C Model D
Location I 210 180 330 180
Location II 400 300 450 40
Location III 420 280 180 740
The output for May was given earlier, in Table above 1. Find the total output of the
company for May and June.

5. AMU shop store has two locations ’A’ and ’B’, and their sales of soaps are given by type
(in rows) and quarters {1/4 of a year} (in columns) as shown below.
   
27 7 16 6 20 7 1 4
   
A = 25 15 10 5 and B = 21 15 6 3
   
   
2 3 20 25 0 4 5 20

where the rows represent sale of Diva, Medical and Popular and the columns represent
the quarter number 1, 2, 3, 4.

(a) What are the total sales of the two locations by type and quarter?

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(b) How many more sops did store A sell than store B of each brand in each quarter?
(c) Find the per quarter sales of store A if following are the prices of each soap, where
Diva = $33.25, Medical = $40.19 and Popular=$25.03

a)  
45 25 7 2
 
[C] = [A] + [B] = 
8 16 30 46

 
10 17 14 47
So if one wants to know the total number of Diva soap sold in quarter 4 in the two
locations, we would look

at Row 3 - Column 4 to give C34 = 47
5 15 −1 2
 
b) [D] = [A] − [B] = 
2 4 0 4

 
2 15 0 7
So if you want to know how many more Diva soap were sold in quarter 4 in Store A than
Store B, d34 = 7. Note that d13 = −1 implying that store A sold 1 less Medical soap than
Store B in quarter 3.
c) The answer is given by multiplying the price matrix by the quantity sales of store A.
h i
The price matrix is 33.25 40.19 25.03 , then the per quarter sales of store A would be
 
27 7 16 6
h i 
given by [C] = 33.25 40.19 25.03 25 15 10 5 
 
 
2 3 20 25
So each quarter sales of store A in dollars are given by the four columns of the row vector.
h i
[C] = 1182.38 1467.38 877.81 1747.06

6. Food orders are taken from section G1 and G2 Environmental Health class for a takeout.
The order is tabulated below.
 
Cream cake P izza F ish Gulash
Electrical G1  
Food order: 25 35 25 .
 

Electrical G2  
21 20 21
However they have a choice of buying this food from three different restaurants. Their
prices for the three food items

are tabulated below 
T ourist P aradise JBM
Cream cake  
 2.42 3.38 2.46
 

Price Matrix: P izza  
 0.93 0.90 0.89
 

F ish Gulash  
0.95 1.03 1.13

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Show how much each class will pay for their order at each restaurant. Which restaurant
would be more economical to order from for each class?
Solution: By using the product between food order and price matrix. The cost in dollars
is 116.80, 116.75, 120.90 for the G1 A Department at three fast food joints. So Paradise is
the cheapest for the G1 A class.
The cost in dollars is 89.37, 89.61, 93.19 for the G1 B class at three fast food joints. Tourist
is the cheapest for the G1 B class.

7. The upward velocity of a rocket is given at three different times on the following table

Time, t velocity, v
s m/s
5 106.8
8 177.2
12 279.2

The velocity data is approximated by a polynomial as

v(t) = at2 + bt + c, 5 ≤ t ≤ 12

(a) Set up the equations in matrix form to find the coefficients a, b, c of the velocity
profile.
(b) Solve the coefficients a, b, c by using
i. Cramer’s rule
ii. Gauss elimination and find the velocity at t = 6, 7.5, 9, 11 seconds.
iii. Inverse method

The polynomial is going through three data points (t1 , v1 ), (t2 , v2 ) and (t3 , v3 ) where from
the above table

t1 = 5 v1 = 106.
t2 = 8 v2 = 177.2
t3 = 12 v3 = 2279.2

Requiring that v(t) = at2 + bt + c passes through the three data points gives

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v(t1 ) = at21 + bt1 + c

v(t2 ) = at22 + bt2 + c
v(t3 ) = at23 + bt3 + c

Substituting the data (t1 , v1 ), (t2 , v2 ), (t3 , v3 ) gives

25a + 5b + c = 106.8
64a + 8b + c = 177.2
144a + 12b + c = 279.2

This set of equations can be rewritten in the matrix form as

   
25a + 5b + c 106.8
   

 64a + 8b + c 

=
177.2

   
144a + 12b + c 279.2

The above equation can be written as a linear combination as follows

       
25 5 1 106.8
       
a  64  + b  8  + 1 = 177.2
       
       
144 12 1 279.2

and further using matrix multiplications gives

   
25 5 1 a 106.8
   
 64 8 1  b  177.2
   
   
144 12 1 c 279.2
 
0.0476 −0.0833 0.0357
 
A−1 = −0.9524 1.4167 −0.4643
 
 
4.5714 −5.0000 1.4286

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   
a 0.2905
   
b
 
=
19.6905

   
c 1.0857

So
v(t) = 0.2905t2 + 19.6905t + 1.0857, 5 ≤ t ≤ 12

v(6) = 129.7m/s
v(7.5) = 165.1m/s
v(9) = 201.8m/s
v(11) = 252.8m/s

8. Suppose an economy consists of the Coal, Electric (power), and Steel sectors, and the
output of each sector is distributed among the various sectors as shown in the Table
below, where the entries in a column represent the fractional parts of a sector’s total
output.

Distribution of output form:

Coal Electric steel purchased by
0 0.4 0.6 coal
0.6 0.1 0.2 electric
0.4 0.5 0,2 steel

The second column of the Table, for instance, says that the total output of the Electric
sector is divided as follows: 40% to Coal, 50% to Steel, and the remaining 10% to Electric.
(Electric treats this 10% as an expense it incurs in order to operate its business.) Since
all output must be taken into account, the decimal fractions in each column must sum to 1.

Denote the prices (i.e., dollar values) of the total annual outputs of the Coal, Electric,
and Steel sectors by pC, pE, and pS, respectively. If possible, find equilibrium prices that
make each sector’s income match its expenditures.

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Solution: We have

pC = .4pE + .6pS
pE = .6pC + .1pE + .2pS
pS = .4pC + .5pE + .2pS

hence

pC − .4pE − .6pS = 0
−.6pC − 0.9pE − .2pS = 0
−.4pC − .5pE + .8pS = 0

The general solution is pC=.94pS,


pE=

.85pS, 

and pS is

free.

The equilibrium price vector
pC .94pS 94
     
for the economy has the form pE  = .85pS  = pS .85 Any (nonnegative) choice for
     
     
pS pS 1
pS results in a choice of equilibrium prices. For instance, if we take pS to be 100 (or $100
million), then pC=94 and pE= 85. The incomes and expenditures of each sector will be
equal if the output of Coal is priced at $94 million, that of Electric at $85 million, and
that of Steel at $100 million

9. The network in the Figure below shows the traffic flow (in vehicles per hour) over several
one-way streets in downtown Adiss Abeba during a typical early afternoon. Determine
the general flow pattern for the network.

Solution:Write equations that describe the flow, and then find the general solution of the
system. Label the street intersections (junctions) and the unknown flows in the branches,
as shown in the Figure above. At each intersection, set the flow in equal to the flow out.

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Intersection Flow in Flow out

A 300+500=x1 + x2
B x2 + x4 =300+x3
C 100+400=x4 + x5
D x1 + x5 =600

Also, the total flow into the network (500 + 300 + 100 + 400) equals the total flow out of
the network (300 + x3 + 600), which simplifies to x3 = 400. Combine this equation with
a rearrangement of the first four equations to obtain the following system of equations:

x1 + x2 = 800
x2 − x3 + x4 = 300
x4 + x5 = 500
x1 + x5 = 00
x3 = 400

. The general flow pattern for the network is described by

x1 = 600 − x5
x2 = 200 − x5
x3 = 400
x4 = 500 − x5
x5 is free

A negative flow in a network branch corresponds to flow in the direction opposite to that
shown on the model. Since the streets in this problem are one-way, none of the variables
here can be negative. This fact leads to certain limitations on the possible values of the
variables. For instance, x5 ≤ 500 because x4 cannot be negative.

10. Find the eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvectors of

 
0 −1 1 −1
 
 0 1 0 0
 
A=  
.
−2 −2 3 −1

 
0 0 0 2

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11. Traffic Control Figure blow shows the flow of downtown traffic in a certain city during
the rush hours on a typical week- day. The arrows indicate the direction of traffic flow on
each one-way road, and the average number of vehicles per hour entering and leaving each
intersection appears beside each road. 5th Avenue and 6th Avenue can each handle up
to 2000 vehicles per hour without causing congestion, whereas the maximum capacity of
both 4th Street and 5th Street is 1000 vehicles per hour. The flow of traffic is controlled
by traffic lights installed at each of the four intersections.

(a) Write a general expression involving the rates of flow x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 and suggest two
possible flow patterns that will ensure no traffic congestion.
(b) Suppose the part of 4th Street between 5th Avenue and 6th Avenue is to be resurfaced
and that traffic flow between the two junctions must therefore be reduced to at most
300 vehicles per hour. Find two possible flow patterns that will result in a smooth
flow of traffic.

Solution:

(a) To avoid congestion, all traffic entering an intersection must also leave that intersec-
tion. Applying this condition to each of the four intersections in a

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12. The management of Acrosonic has decided to increase its July production of loudspeaker
systems by 10% (over its June output). Find a matrix giving the targeted production for
July.

Solution: The required matrix is given by

   
210 180 330 180 231 198 363 198
   
(1.1)B = 1.1 400 300 450 40  = 440 330 495 44 
   
   
420 280 180 740 462 308 198 814
and is interpreted in the usual manner.

13. Stock Transactions : Judy’s stock holdings are given by the matrix
 
GM IBM AAP L
 
700 400 200
At the close of trading on a certain day, the prices (in dollars per share) of these stocks
are  
GM 27
 
B=
 IBM 205

 
AAP L 420
What is the total value of Judy’s holdings as of that day?
Solution : Judy’s holdings are worth
 
27
h i 
AB = 700 400 200 205 = (700)(27) + (400)(205) + (200)(420) = 5184, 900
 
 
420
or $184, 900.

14. Production Planning : Ace Novelty received an order from Magic World Amusement
Park for 900 Giant Pandas, 1200 Saint Bernards, and 2000 Big Birds. Ace’s management
decided that 500 Giant Pandas, 800 Saint Bernards, and 1300 Big Birds could be manu-
factured in their Los Angeles plant, and the balance of the order could be filled by their
Seattle plant. Each Panda requires 1.5 square yards of plush, 30 cubic feet of stuffing,
and 5 pieces of trim; each Saint Bernard requires 2 square yards of plush, 35 cubic feet
of stuffing, and 8 pieces of trim; and each Big Bird requires 2.5 square yards of plush, 25
cubic feet of stuffing, and 15 pieces of trim. The plush costs $4.50 per square yard, the
stuffing costs 10 cents per cubic foot, and the trim costs 25 cents per unit.

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(a) How much of each type of material must be purchased for each plant?
(b) What is the total cost of materials incurred by each plant and the total cost of
materials incurred by Ace Novelty in filling the order?

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Definition 1. leontief input-output Model In a Leontief input-output model, the matrix

equation giving the net output of goods and services needed to satisfy consumer demand is

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where X is the total output matrix, A is the input-output matrix, and D is the matrix
representing consumer demand.
The solution to this equation is

X = (I − A)−1 D Assuming that (I − A)−1 exists.

which gives the amount of goods and services that must be produced to satisfy consumer
demand.

15. An input-output Model for a Three-Product Company TKK Corporation, a large con-
glomerate, has three subsidiaries engaged in producing raw rubber, manufacturing tires,
and manufacturing other rubber-based goods. The production of 1 unit of raw rubber
requires the consumption of 0.08 unit of rubber, 0.04 unit of tires, and 0.02 unit of other
rubber-based goods. To produce 1 unit of tires requires 0.6 unit of raw rubber, 0.02 unit
of tires, and 0 unit of other rubber-based goods. To produce 1 unit of other rubber-based
goods requires 0.3 unit of raw rubber, 0.01 unit of tires, and 0.06 unit of other rubber-
based goods. Market research indicates that the demand for the following year will be
$200 million for raw rubber, $800 million for tires, and $120 million for other rubber-based
products. Find the level of production for each subsidiary in order to satisfy this demand.
Solution: View the corporation as an economy having three sectors and with an input-
output matrix given by

Using Equation above, we find that the required level of production is given by
 
x
 
X= y  = (I − A)−1 D
 
 
z

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where x, y, and z denote the outputs of raw rubber, tires, and other rubber-based goods
and where  
200
 
D=
800

 
120
Now,  
0.92 −0.60 20.30
 
I − A = −0.04 0.98 −0.01
 
 
−0.02 0 0.94
You are asked to verify that
 
1.12 0.69 0.37
 
(I − A)−1 = 0.05 1.05 0.03
 
 
0.02 0.01 1.07

Therefore,     
1.12 0.69 0.37 200 820.4
    
(I − A)−1 D = 0.05 1.05 0.03 800 = 853.6
    
    
0.02 0.01 1.07 120 140.4
To fulfill the predicted demand, $820 million worth of raw rubber, $854 million worth of
tires, and $140 million worth of other rubber-based goods should be produced.

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