NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
APLANN02
Planning 2: Fundamentals of Urban Design and Community Architecture
ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
Professional Instructor, School of Architecture
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
APLANN02: Module 1
1. Community Architecture and Urban Design
1.1 Definition
1.2 Differences
1.3 Importance
2. Theory of Architecture in Community Architecture
& Urban Design
2.1 Human-Centered Design 2.5 Critical Regionalism
2.2 Social Architecture 2.6 New Urbanism
2.3 Sustainable Architecture 2.7 Place Theory
2.4 Vernacular Architecture 2.8 Biophilic Design
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
1. Urban Design
and Community Architecture
Objectives:
Know and understand the meaning of community
architecture and urban design in relation to architecture.
Determine the different statements involved in design.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
1.1 Urban Design Defined
Urban design is the process of designing and shaping the
physical features of cities, towns, and villages. It focuses
on the larger scale of the built environment, including the
layout of streets, public spaces, transportation systems, and
infrastructure. Urban design aims to create functional,
sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing urban environments.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Community Architecture Defined
Community architecture is an approach to architectural
design that emphasizes the involvement of community
members in the planning and design process. It focuses on
creating buildings and spaces that reflect the needs, values,
and aspirations of the people who will use them.
The process often involves participatory design methods
where community stakeholders actively contribute to the
decision-making process.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
1.2 Difference in Scale
Urban Design Community Architecture
Operates at a larger scale, Operates at a smaller,
dealing with the overall more localized scale,
layout and functionality of focusing on individual
urban spaces. buildings or small
communities.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Difference in Scope
Urban Design Community Architecture
Encompasses the broader Primarily concerned with
spatial organization of the design of specific
urban areas, including buildings, housing
neighborhoods, districts, developments, and local
and entire cities. community facilities.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Difference in Focus
Urban Design Community Architecture
Addresses the relationship Emphasizes social
between buildings, spaces, inclusivity, cultural
and the overall urban relevance, and the
form, aiming to create creation of spaces that
cohesive and well- foster community
functioning urban areas. interaction and well-being.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Difference in Participation
Urban Design Community Architecture
May involve public input, Heavily involves the
but it often deals with community in the design
broader planning issues process, ensuring that
that require coordination the end result meets the
among various specific needs of the
stakeholders, including users.
government agencies and
developers.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Difference in Objective
Urban Design Community Architecture
Aims to create well- Aims to create spaces
organized, functional, and that directly reflect the
aesthetically pleasing desires and needs of a
urban environments that specific community.
serve a wider population.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
1.3 Importance of Urban Design
Functional Urban Spaces: Creates well-organized cities
and towns where transportation, infrastructure, and
public spaces work together efficiently.
Aesthetic Appeal: Enhances the visual quality of urban
areas, making them more attractive and enjoyable for
residents and visitors.
Sustainability: Promotes environmentally sustainable
urban development, integrating green spaces, energy
efficiency, and sustainable transportation.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Economic Vitality: Contributes to the economic health
of urban areas by creating vibrant spaces that attract
businesses, residents, and tourists.
Social Cohesion: Designs public spaces that encourage
social interaction, fostering a sense of community and
belonging in urban environments.
Resilience: Builds urban areas that can adapt to changes
and challenges, such as climate change, population
growth, and economic shifts.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Importance of Community Architecture
Social Inclusivity: Ensures that buildings and spaces
meet the diverse needs of all community members,
fostering inclusivity.
Cultural Relevance: Reflects the cultural identity and
values of the community, creating spaces that resonate
with the people who use them.
Community Empowerment: Involves the community in
the design process, empowering them to shape their
own environments.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Improved Well-Being: Designs spaces that enhance the
quality of life, promoting social interaction, safety, and
well-being.
Sustainability: Encourages sustainable practices by
using local materials and techniques, and designing with
the local environment in mind.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
2. Theory of Architecture
The Theory of Architecture (TOA) focuses specifically on
integrating intellectual frameworks tailored to architectural
practice that ensure buildings are effective and contextually
appropriate.
TOA is more specialized, dealing specifically with architectural
issues, emphasizing the role of individual buildings and their
integration into larger urban contexts.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
2.1 Human-Centered Design:
Focus: Prioritizes the needs, behaviors, and experiences
of people in the design process.
Key Concepts: Usability, accessibility, and comfort are
central. The design process involves user participation to
ensure that spaces are inclusive and functional for
everyone.
Application: In community architecture, this theory
leads to designs that are responsive to the daily lives of
community members, ensuring that public spaces are
welcoming and accessible to all.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Designed by James Corner Field Operations and Diller Scofidio + Renfro
The High Line, New York City
An elevated linear park built on a former rail line, designed to be accessible and
engaging for diverse users. Features include seating, gardens, and public art, all
tailored to enhance user experience and accessibility.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
2.2 Social Architecture
Focus: Emphasizes the role of architecture in shaping
social interactions and community bonds.
Key Concepts: Social spaces, community engagement,
and participatory design. The built environment is seen
as a catalyst for social cohesion and community building.
Application: Projects often involve input from
community members and aim to create spaces that
encourage interaction, such as public plazas, community
centers, and shared facilities.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Designed by Architect Moshe Safdie
Habitat 67 in Montreal, Canada
Originally designed for Expo 67, this housing complex which emphasizes
communal living and interaction. The design fosters social connections through its
unique modular approach and shared spaces.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
2.3 Sustainable Architecture
Focus: Emphasizes the role of architecture in shaping
social interactions and community bonds.
Key Concepts: Social spaces, community engagement,
and participatory design. The built environment is seen
as a catalyst for social cohesion and community building.
Application: Projects often involve input from
community members and aim to create spaces that
encourage interaction, such as public plazas, community
centers, and shared facilities.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Designed by PLP Architecture
The Edge, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Also known as one of the greenest office buildings in the world, The Edge
incorporates energy-efficient technologies, sustainable materials, and a design that
minimizes environmental impact while enhancing occupant well-being.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
2.4 Vernacular Architecture
Focus: Draws from local traditions, materials, and
techniques that are specific to a region or culture.
Key Concepts: Adaptation to climate, use of local
materials, and reflection of cultural identity. It often
reflects the historical and social context of a place.
Application: In community design, vernacular
architecture helps create spaces that resonate with the
local culture and environment, fostering a sense of
identity and continuity.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Established in the late 13th and early 14th centuries in the valleys of the Rio Grande and its tributaries that have survived to
the present day ([Link]
The Traditional Adobe Homes of Taos Pueblo, New Mexico
These buildings use locally sourced adobe (mud bricks) and traditional
construction methods adapted to the local climate, reflecting cultural and
environmental considerations.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
2.5 Critical Regionalism
Focus: Aims to balance global influences with local
traditions and environmental context.
Key Concepts: Resistance to placelessness, integration
with local geography, and cultural specificity. It seeks to
create architecture that is rooted in its specific context
while responding to contemporary conditions.
Application: Projects that employ critical regionalism
might blend modern design principles with local
materials and forms to create architecture that is both
innovative and contextually appropriate.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Säynätsalo Town Hall,
Säynätsalo, Finland
Designed by Architect Alvar Aalto
The building utilizes local red
brick, which ties it to the
regional context and
traditional Finnish
construction methods.
Aalto’s design responds to the
local climate and geography,
with features that address
thermal comfort and integrate
with the natural environment.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
2.6 New Urbanism
Focus: Advocates for walkable neighborhoods, mixed-
use development, and sustainable urban growth.
Key Concepts: Human-scale development, mixed-use
zoning, and community-focused public spaces. It
opposes sprawl and promotes urban forms that are
more sustainable and community-oriented.
Application: In community design, New Urbanism might
involve the creation of compact, walkable neighborhoods
with accessible public spaces and a mix of residential,
commercial, and recreational areas.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Designed by Architects Andrés Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk
Seaside, Florida
A planned community designed to promote walkability, mixed-use development,
and a strong sense of community. Streets are designed to encourage pedestrian
activity, and amenities are integrated into the neighborhood fabric.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
2.7 Place Theory
Focus: Explores the emotional and psychological
connection people have with specific places.
Key Concepts: Sense of place, place attachment, and
place identity. The theory suggests that well-designed
spaces can evoke strong emotional responses and
contribute to a community’s identity.
Application: In urban design, place theory influences the
creation of spaces that resonate with the community,
reinforcing local identity and fostering a strong sense of
belonging.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
The Piazza del Campo,
Siena, Italy
This historic public square is
designed to evoke a strong
sense of place and identity for
residents and visitors. Its
architectural features and
layout create a memorable
and significant space that
plays a central role in
Venetian culture and social
life.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
2.8 Biophilic Design
Focus: Integrates nature into the built environment to
enhance human well-being.
Key Concepts: Connection to nature, natural light, and
organic forms. The theory is based on the idea that people
are inherently connected to nature, and incorporating
natural elements into design can improve health and
productivity.
Application: In community architecture, biophilic design
might manifest in the use of green roofs, natural ventilation,
and extensive landscaping to create environments that are
both beautiful and health-promoting.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap
NU BALIWAG
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Singapore’s Gardens
by the Bay
Designed by Landscape Architec Grant
Associates and Wilkinson Eyre Architects
An urban park featuring a
variety of gardens and
artificial trees that integrate
natural elements into the
cityscape. The design aims to
connect people with nature
through immersive green
spaces.
APLANN02 <Module 1: Definition and Theory of Architecture> SY <2025> ARCH. IMELDA M. TRANCE uap