Introduction

In this course we are going to study about the period of human race, division of the Bible and what each
division contains.

BIBLE: the Bible is the collected books written by different people recognized by Christians and church as
inspired rating of God's revelation of himself and of his will to mankind.

Material used in writing the Bible

There are four materials used in writing the Bible namely as:-

1. Papyrus

2. Clay

3. Stones

4. Animals skin

1. PAPYRUS: was used in making paper to manufacture books

2. CLAY: was also another material for writing.

3. STONES: Were use for writing

4. ANIMALS SKIN: were prepared to leather and scrolls where made out of the skin.

The language of the Bible

The Bible was written in three types of languages:

1. Hebrew language

2. Aramaic language

3. Greek language

Division of the Bible

There is a Bible called the protestant Bible which contains sixty six book (Old testament and New
testament)

The Greek (Lxx), Hebrew and Roman Catholic Bible which contain fourty six in their old testament
because they included the apocrapha.

Old testament division

The old testament is divided as follows:

1. The law (Pentateuch, five books of Moses)

1. Genesis

2. Exodus

3. Leviticus

4. Numbers

5. Deuteronomy

Historical books

Joshua, Judges, Ruth, I Samuel, II Samuel, I Kings, II Kings, I Chronicles, II Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah,
Esther.

Chronicles, in Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah Esther

Poetic Books

Sprigs

Job Psalms Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songson

Lamentation

Mar prophets..

Isaiah Jeremiah, Ezekiel Damiel

Minor prophets.

Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah, Jonah, Micah Nahu

Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah, Malach

The nel testement Division the Gospels.

Matthew, Mark, Luke, John

Acts

History book

Letters
Romans, Corinthians, ii Corinthians, Galatians

Ephesians, philippians, Colossians, I Thessalonians

Thessaloians, Timothy II Timothy Titus Philemon

Hebrew, James, I peter II peter I John IL John III John

Jude

Revelation

Prophetic book

There are

other books that the protestants reded

ted, In their bible while others like Romans Catholic

use them, they are called the Apocrypha

Apocrypha Books

The following are the apocrypha books:

Tobit 2, Judith 3 Esther - Greek #wisdom of Solomon

Sirach & Baruch & Letter of Jeremiah & Prayer of Azam

Azariah and Song off three young men g; Susanna

Bel and Dragon I Meccabees 12, II Meccabees 131Esdra

Esdras 15, Prayer of Manasseh

Why Do WE STUDY THE BIBLE?

We study the bible for the following reasons:

God want us to study the bible Joshua is

To Come to the true knowlege of God Salvat

3 so that we can grow in the grace of Christ.

To avoid Sin Psalms 119:9-11

5. In order to Know the will of God for our daily.

Living Itomothy 3:15

THE OLD TESTEMENT

History Cal book: Ane records of about the fall and

the rise of Hebrew nation.

Poetical books: Ane writing of the nations dark

day

Gospels They Contain a to record about the man

whom the nation produced.

Historical: Ane record about the church and christ

I power in it to bolog

Epistles: Ane records of his teachings and principles

There are 929 chapters in the old testement, and

260 chapters in the new testement. The longest

1- Chapter in the bible is 1ps 119. The shortest Chapter in

the bible Ps 117 the longest verse in the bible is Esther

Esther 8:9. The shortest karse in the bible is John 11:3

THE PERIODS (Timest

There are Sarcen periods since the creation of

man 12 gulf

↓ Period (time) of Ignorance. (not knowing between

good and bad)t love agasy

3. Period (time) of Consciena (Knowing between.

good and bad

Period Chime of dominion

Period of Covenant (Promise)

Period (time) of law Crules and regulation

2,

Period (time) of Grace (Kindness)

Period (time of Intertestament (silent period)

Inter lestantmetal period

Period of Ignorance.

This period or time is from Creation of Adam.

Their stewardship to take care of the Creation.

Their sin disobediece

How long it is not mentioned

its and Coming out of the garden.

Their punishment. They were sent out of the

garden. The land was Cursed.

Adami had to work hard. He was created from

the ground and to the ground he will retun (deather

Eve: God make her feed great pain in child bea

ring what she want will be what her husband

want

Period of Conciance (knowing good and bad

This period started from fall of man

Their stewardship- to offer sacrifices to God

S Social welfare. people started living in towns

System-musician, were there. Those that can marke

all kind of tools (blacks matt 4:17 (blacksmiths Gen 4:19-2

& Their sin÷ Murdering, adultery polygymy Gen 4:8-19

TIME OF DOMINION

a This time began after the flood (Gene 9)

b Their Stewardship to muthply and fill the earth

Their welfare System Mimord was the first king.

and he organized people not to Scartter all over

the world.

d their sint pride, disobedience

-Q. Their purnishment & God comfused their language

not to understand

one

an other.

F The end of their time the tower of bable Came

to an end (Gen 11)

The Period of Promise

a this begins from the Call of Abraham

CoRn. 12)

Their stew and ship + To Live In the land of Canaan.

c Their sin + They started multiplying in egypt and would not

want to come back to Canaan

d their punishment + They became slavas

e. Its end: Coming out of egypt.

TIME OF LAW

a This time began on mount Sinai

(exo 1:8)

(Gan 20:1-17)

b Their Stewardship To obey the law [Ex20:1-17) Bett

Delo 13, 11, 8:13

CTheir sin The

them

obeyed the law Moses gave.

Judges 3.7, 12, 4:1, 6:1, 13:1 I Kings 12:23, 16:30, 17:1 traia!

Isaiah 651 Jer 4:13

d their parnishment + God scartered them (Dan-1;1-2)

The end of this period it end at the death of Jesus Christ

mat 27:55, MK 15:33, LK 23:44-49, Jh 19:30

Period time) of Grance

Ephi2 8-9 Rom 2:4, 3:24, 4:16, 5:17 +20:1, 6:5 I Cor 1:4, 15:105

CActs 2:1

a This time began othe the pentecost day

Their stewardship: To bring people to christ mat 28:18-20

Acts 18

Cour sin Do not love the world (IJohn 2-15)

d the end of the time + until when christ Comes

7 The time of peace ÷ Isaiah 11:1-8

a this time began during the mille mum Kingdom or

areign whiths with Christ Rev. 20:1-6, 21:11

b our stewardship only praises Rev. 7:12

Cits and Endless time.

Intertestamental period

a The four hundred years between close of the old tes-

tament and the beging of the events of the new

testament have been called the four hundred silent

years."

It is true that this time period is basically silent with regards to any inspired relation. However, some of
the most fascinating event of ancient history are found in those years. Some of the most colorful
characters throughout history come from this particular period of time. Some of the most important
events in the history of the world, particularly events that affects Christianity occurred during these 400
years. Do Protestant Christians have never considered them inspired and Catholic theologians have
reduced them to a lower level of inspiration, some of the most important known Biblical religious books
come from the period of time between the testament.

B. Because the intertestimental period is a transition between the old and New testament, it is
sometimes studied in a course of old testament introduction. However, in my opinion it's more naturally
fits into the study of New testament introduction.

C. Since the book covers more than just a survey of the New testament, we will spend a good bit of time
dealing with the materials from the intertestimental period.

B. Key articles

The following brief articles cover this time period well.

1. Pfeiffer, Charles"between the testament" in the criswell study Bible, editor. W. A [Link],
TN, USA: Thomas Nelson publishers, 1979, pp. 1083-1090

2. O Brien, David "the time between the testaments" in the NIV study Bible editor: Kenneth Barker.
Grand rapids MI USA: Zondervan Bible publishers, 1985, pp. 1431-1433

C. CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
To introduce the student to the intertestimental period. After reading this chapter, the reader should:

1. ww the key period, events and dates of this period.

2. Understand the historical development of the period.

3. See the importance of this period in understanding the Bible.

D. CHAPTER OUTLINE

1. The Persian period (539-331BC)

2. The Greek period (331-63 BC)

3. The Hasmonean period (166 - 63 BC)

4. The Roman period (63 BC)

1. THE RERSIAN PERIOD (539 331BC)

a. CYRUS: Cyrus was the King who allowed the Israelites to return to Palestine. (See Ezra 1:1-11, 5:13-14,
6:3). Isaiah had predicted this event, even including Cyrus name over a hundred years before it occurred
(Isaiah 44:28, 45:1)

b. Darius the Great: he was also sympathetic with the Jews. He allowed them to complete and dedicate
the temple in Jerusalem (Ezra 6:1-12, Haggai 1:15, 2:18)

c. The Persians: they were general sympathetic with the Jews.

1. They allowed them to worship yahweh their own way.

2. They allow them a limited amount of self-rule Judea was ruled during this time by the high priest.
Actually, he served as the liaison between the Persian government and the Jewish people. There was the
beginning of a bad precedent. In a short time, the office of high priest practically lost its religious
significance and became almost exclusively a political office.

d. The Samaritans: during this time, the Samaritans built a temple on Mount Gerizim. This place was
regarded as secreted by the Samaritans (John 4:9)

1. The Samaritans were a remnant of Jews from the northern kingdom who had inter married with
certain people groups who had been imported by the Assyrians.

2. Because of the Samaritan's mixed blood and their corrupted religious, the juice who returned from
the Babylonian captivity, excluded them from any participation in Jewish life.

The Samaritans were the main group who opposed nehemiah's rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem
(Nehemiah 4:1-23, 6:1-14) over the next 400 years the rift between the Jews and Samaritans grew wider
and wider.
THE GREEK PERIOD (331-135BC)

a. Alexander the great:

1. Philip of Macedonia is the person who really prepare the way for the rise of the Greek empire. He was
primarily responsible for uniting the Greek City-states under Central rule. When he died, his armies and
influence past to his ambitious young son, Alexander. This young man became a military commander of
unsuposed leadership ability. Having become convinced of the virtue of his idea, he dedicated himself to
spreading Greek culture around the world. In fact, Alexander was not so much in military dictator
interested in selfish achievement as he was a loyal devotee to Greek life and culture. As a believer in the
Greek culture, he felt compelled to sprayed it around the world. He was so successful that he is known
throughout history as "Alexander the great"

2. In 333 BC Alexander went from Macedonia into Asia minor and defeated the outpost of the Persian
and. From there he moved eastward into Syria and then southward through Palestine and back
Westward into Egypt. After conquering Egypt he turned eastward once again and took his armies as far
as the Punjab in India.

3. As a general rule, Alexander the great was quite generous to the Jews. At least one tradition says that
Alexander was impressed by the fact that the prophet Daniel had predicted his own military conquests.
Whether that is the reason for his kind attitude toward the lows or not, he was indeed a friend of the
Jews. He allowed them to live in their lands and even exempted them from taxes during the sabbatical
years. When he created the city of Alexandria in Egypt, he invited Jews to come and settle there and give
them basically the same privileges as Greek subjects. As a result, during the interstatemental period,
more Jews lived in Alexandria than in Jerusalem. Alexandria also become the second largest city in the
Roman empire during this time period.

4. Wherever Alexander went, he attempted to establish Greek life and culture. He usually built a Greek
City that will serve a model for the local people. The city included a Greek gymn asium, an open-air
theatre, and buildings built according to Greek architecture. The local people were encouraged to learn
Greek to adopt Greek styles of dress and even Greek names.

The process of adopting Greek culture was known as hellenization. To become "hellenized" was to
become like a Greek.

5. Hellenism was quite attractive to many people of the world at this time. Criswell states the materials
for large segments, of the population trade and commerce, brought wealth to the new merchants class,
libraries and schools were welcomed, by the scholar. Better housing and better food brought about a
rise in the standard of living.

Many in Israel, also elsewhere, we are glad to accept this veneer of Greek culture. If idolatry had been
the stumbling block to Israel in the pre-exilic period, Hellenism was the great post exilic temptation. A
third century BC writer observed, in recent times, under the foreign rule of the Persians, and then of the
macedonians by whom the Persian empire was overthrown, intermingling with other races has led to
many of the traditional Jewish ordinances losing their hold. Many Jews took Greek names accepted a
school of Greek philosophy and tried to combine the wisdom of Greek with faith of their fathers resisted
Hellenism and become more and more engrasses in the study of their law.

6. There are many traditions surrounding Alexander the great. One says that after conquering Babylon,
he sat down and cried because there we are no more world to conquer whether that is true or not, it is
known he in Babylon at the age of three, having accomplished, more than any other military leader
before him.

7. When Alexander died, his empire was thrown into confusion. It was eventually divided among his four
most important generals.

a. Macedonia was given to Cassander.

b. Thrace and Western Asian minor was given to Lysimachus.

c.