Non-adiabatic generation of NOON states
in a Tonks–Girardeau gas
James Schloss, Albert Benseny, Jérémie Gillet, Jacob Swain and Thomas Busch
Quantum Systems Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
[Link] [Link]@[Link]
Introduction STA techniques
I Quantum superposition states are difficult to generate experimentally. One I STA techniques use semi-analytical shortcuts to speed up quantum adiabatic
example is the NOON state. processes.
. The |N, 0i + |0, N i or “NOON” state is a superposition state where all I Our technique initially raises a potential adiabatically and then rotates the
particles can be found in either one state or another. system into the desired state.
. This state requires strong correlations between particles. I In contrast to optimal control, STA techniques have a lower numerical
I This project studies the following: complexity, but have initially adiabatic steps.
. The generation of NOON states in a ring of strongly correlated,
ultracold atoms through an adiabatic technique.
. The application of the Chopped RAndom Basis (CRAB) Optimal Control [1]
along with Shortcuts to Adiabaticity (STA) techniques to generate NOON
states non-adiabatically.
Rotating Ring Trap
I Our system is a ring of strongly correlated ultracold atoms in the
Tonks-Girardeau regime with the following properties:
. The bosons are fermionized.
. It is 1-dimensional with periodic boundaries.
. There is potential barrier that “stirs” the trap.
Results
I With the CRAB algorithm, we found optimal rotational pulses at much shorter
timescales than with STA techniques.
I It is also possible to manipulate the barrier height with the CRAB algorithm.
I We can model a system of N atoms with a mass M in a loop with a
circumference of L with the 1-dimensional Hamiltonian [2]
N 2 N
X ~ ∂ X
−i − Ω + bδ(xi) + g δ(xi − xj ) ,
i=0
2M ∂x i i<j
I A single particle will rotate and form different rotational states, shown in the
energy spectrum (below).
. With a barrier present, there are avoided crossings in the rotational states at
integer values of π.
. NOON states are found at the positions of the avoided crossings
I With STA tecniques, we found high fidelities until N = 15 bosons for a
harmonic trap VH and N = 21 for a sinusoidal trap VS .
CRAB Algorithm
Conclusions
I The Chopped RAndom Basis (CRAB) Optimal Control technique changes a
guess pulse [1] We have shown:
ΩCRAB (t) = Ω 0 I It is possible to manipulate either the rotation or barrier heght within a
j j (t)gj (t)
specified time regime to create NOON states on a rotating ring of strongly
Ω0j is an initial guess we provide that is modified by gj (t), the function to be
correlated ultracold atoms by using the CRAB optimal control technique.
optimized
PN I We may generate NOON states with STA in this system with up to N = 15
n=0 An sin(ωnt) + Bn cos(ωnt) bosons for a harmonic trap and N = 21 for a sinusoidal trap.
g(t) = 1 +
λ(t) These results have been published in [3].
Where λ(t) is a function, chosen such that λ(t) → ∞ for t → 0 and
t → T . In our implementation, [1] T. Caneva, T. Calarco and S. Montangero, Phys. Rev. A, 84:022326
T2 (2011)
λ(t) = [2] D. Hallwood, T. Ernst and J. Brand, Phys. Rev. A, 82:063623 (2010)
4t(t − T )
I This technique is performed continually with the Nelder–Mead, or “downhill [3] J. Schloss, A. Benseny, J. Gillet, J. Swain and Th. Busch,
simplex,” method to maximize the fidelity (or closeness) to the NOON state. New J. of Phys., 18:035012 (2016)
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University [Link]@[Link]