Resolution on the Sino-Indian Border Settlement and Regional Stability
MAIN SUBMITTER: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
CO-SUBMITTER: UNITED KINGDOM, THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, STATE
OF JAPAN, The Commonwealth of Australia, India
SIGNATORIES: France, Myanmar
Preamble:
Recognizing the long-standing tensions and historical conflicts between China and India over the
Line of Actual Control (LAC),
Affirming the need for lasting peace and stability in the Himalayan region,
Recognizing the importance of mutual respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the well-
being of local populations,
Acknowledging the importance of a peaceful resolution for regional and global stability,
Affirming the need for cooperation between both nations, alongside support from international
allies, for sustainable peace and economic growth,
Recognizing the need for enhanced transparency, sustainability, and mutual benefit in
international infrastructure initiatives to promote economic growth, regional stability, and
environmental protection,
1. Calls for the Formalization of the LAC as the International Border between both the
countries:
a. The current Line of Actual Control (LAC) will be officially recognized as the
permanent and internationally recognized border.
i. Aksai Chin shall be permanently under the sovereignty of China.
ii. Arunachal Pradesh shall be recognized as Indian territory.
iii. And other smaller territories will be delineated according to the LAC
b. A Joint Border Commission will be established to oversee the official
demarcation of the new border with detailed maps, ensuring accuracy and
preventing future disputes.
i. This New Commision will comply with the “Agreement between The
Government of the Republic of India And The Government of the People's
Republic of China on the Establishment of a Working Mechanism for
Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs”- signed
January 17, 2012
ii. The working mechanism which is mentioned in the Agreement will be
built upon and changed to comply with the new situation as mentioned in
Article VIII of the agreement and will be changed to ensure a stricter
protocol to better ensure peace and stability in the region
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iii. The new border will have a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) which will be
further elaborated in clause 2
iv. The demarcation of the new border will adhere to the UN charter Article
2(1)-(5)
c. Urge both parties to Respect the Agreement between the Government of the
Republic of India and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the
Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India-China
Boundary Question, when it comes to the marking of the new border specifically
Article VI, Article VII, Article VIII, as they pertain to the Demarcation of the
border
d. Complications: Any unresolved claims, especially regarding natural resources,
will be settled by impartial arbitration through international bodies such as the
UN.
2. Proposes for the disengagement of troops at the Line of Actual Control and the creation
of a Demilitarization Zone and the establishment of Buffer Zones:
a. Honor the Agreement of October 21, 2024, Reached on the Sidelines of the
BRICS Summit:
i. Officially ratify the agreement through a public Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) between China and India, finalizing the
disengagement of troops and formalizing the patrolling protocols along the
Line of Actual Control (LAC).
ii. Revise the terms of the agreement to incorporate the newly proposed
buffer zones mentioned in sub clause (b) and to respect the newly
recognized international border between both nations, ensuring adherence
to international norms and mutual security interests.
b. A Demilitarized Buffer Zones of 50 kilometers will be established on both sides
of the newly recognized border to reduce the risk of accidental conflict or military
buildup.
i. Both sides will withdraw heavy artillery and military personnel from
the buffer zone.
ii. Exceptions for defense bases are allowed, provided these bases are placed
outside the buffer zone but with monitoring of their activities.
c. Advises both parties to partner with international allies and the blue berets of
the UN peacekeepers, to establish a joint defense base within its sovereign
territory, positioned at least 100 kilometers from the LAC, to ensure regional
security and prevent future aggressions.
i. This joint base will enhance military coordination and act as a deterrence
against future conflicts.
ii. These defense bases will abide strictly within the country they are situated
in and will not violate international borders or international treaties,
including those made in clause 3
3. Recommends the signing Permanent Ceasefire and Non-Aggression Treaties:
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a. China and India will sign a Permanent Ceasefire Agreement under international
observation, committing to non-aggression and ensuring that no military actions
are taken along the newly established order.
b. Both countries will sign Non-Aggression Treaties with additional clauses
forbidding military incursions into neighboring territories, such as Bhutan, to
avoid future territorial disputes.
c. A bilateral dispute resolution mechanism will be formed to diplomatically
address any future tensions or misunderstandings along the border.
i. Direct forums and methods of communication between Indian and
Chinese military officials to ensure no miscommunication can lead to a
major conflict
ii. Amend the “MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ON
COOPERATION BETWEEN THE MINISTRY OF LAW AND
JUSTICE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
INDIA AND THE SUPREME PEOPLE'S PROSECUTION
SERVICE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA” signed in
june 23rd 2003 to help foster a more close collaboration of both countries
especially in matters of the army
d. Respect the agreement mentioned in Agreement between the Government of
the Republic of India and the Government of the People's Republic of China
on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the
India-China Boundary Question as mentioned in clause 1 subclause c as the
agreement also mentions measures to keep the peace as mentioned in Article I -
Article IV
4. Urges for heightened economic cooperation and revision of the Belt and Road
Initiative (BRI):
a. Asks China to reword the BRI to in ways such as:
i. Agreeing to restructure the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to include
other major international investors such as India, the USA, and the UK,
ensuring that the economic benefits of infrastructure projects are shared.
ii. Allowing for audits by international organizations, including the World
Bank and IMF to ensure Investment transparency and the reliability of the
project.
b. Establish Joint economic zones along the Indo-China border, fostering trade and
infrastructure projects that benefit both nations and encourage peace.
i. Amend the “PROTOCOL BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF
THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR EXTENSION OF
BORDER TRADE ACROSS SHIPKILA PASS” signed in september
7th 1993 to include more areas near the regions of aksai china and
arunachal pradesh
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5. Requests China and India to collaborate with the UN to support the local population
in the disputed regions and their development through the provision of
humanitarian aid and enhanced security measures funded by the UN, through
means such as but not limited to;
a. Establishing development programs for the affected populations along the
border.
i. This includes building infrastructure like schools, hospitals, and roads,
with the help of international aid organizations such as the ICRC.
b. Communicating with local leaders from both sides and ensuring their
involvement in the development projects, ensuring that the needs of their
communities are prioritized.
c. Safely relocating individuals and families who will be affected by the new
borders to secure regions, ensuring their well-being and providing necessary
support during the transition process.
d. Provide Education to families affected through a joint collaborations and
through refining and reinstating “Executive Programme on Educational
Cooperation and Exchange between the Ministry of Human Resource
Development, Government of the Republic of India and Ministry of Education,
the People's Republic of China” signed june 23rd 2003,
i. We would change the executive programs to increase the time period to 5
years, starting from the date of signing the agreement
ii. This would not only apply to the displaced people, but also to the entire
country to foster closer bilateral relationships.
6. Demands the immediate evacuation of occupied territories and respect for
International borders:
a. All Parties must withdraw from all territories in any occupied areas that violate
international law such as China from Bhutan.
i. Further requires China to redraw its national maps to reflect
internationally recognized borders, in line with UN resolutions and other
international agreements.
ii. This process will be verified by the International Court of Justice (ICJ)
and the UN Security Council.
7. Calls upon the UN and all member countries to enforce mechanism and penalties
for non-compliance:
a. These mechanisms will be established to ensure that any violations of the
ceasefire, militarization agreements, or border violations will result in strict action
by the International community and will include but is not limited to:
i. Economic Sanctions: Countries that breach the terms of the resolution
will face sanctions, including but not limited to trade restrictions, asset
freezes, and military embargoes.
ii. Diplomatic Consequences: Persistent violators may face UN sanctions or
expulsion from international economic cooperation agreements,
ensuring compliance with the resolution.
b. The Compliance of the countries will be monitored through the UN Task force
mentioned in clause 8
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8. Urges for the creation of a UN-backed Task Force to oversee the implementation of
the clauses of this resolution ensuring they are executed in an efficient and timely
manner, the task force would be tasked with responsibilities including but not
limited to;
a. Overseeing the following:
i. Demilitarization, humanitarian aid, and economic cooperation as outlined
in previous clauses.
ii. Monitoring troop movements and military installations in compliance
with the ceasefire agreements.
b. Ensuring the BRI restructuring includes participation from international partners
and enforces transparency.
c. Distributing aid and monitoring infrastructure projects to guarantee they are
completed fairly and benefit local populations.
d. Collaborating with specialized international bodies depending on the tasks. the
organizations including but not limited to;
i. The IMF.
ii. UN peacekeepers.
iii. The Quad.
iv. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
v. OCHA
e. Ensuring that development projects incorporate environmental sustainability
practices to protect local ecosystems and the fragile Himalayan environment in
the border regions, during infrastructure development.
f. Regularly monitoring and evaluating the provision of humanitarian aid and
development projects to assess their effectiveness and adapt strategies as needed.
g. Ensuring that both china and india are adhering to and abiding by the treaties and
agreements mentioned in clause 3
9. Decides to remain seized of the matter and to continue its examination of this issue
at its future sessions until the issue is fully resolved;
a. An annual review of the border situation will be conducted by the UN, with
participation from both India and China, to ensure long-term compliance and
address emerging challenges:
i. Collaborating closely with the established UN Task Force, both nations
will take proactive measures to implement recommendations from the
reviews, facilitating timely actions to address any arising issues and
fostering a framework for continuous dialogue and cooperation,
b. Urge both parties to adhere to Article 25 of the UN charter.
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