Sources of Food

Keywords
1. Consumer : An animal that depends on plants and other animals for
nutrition .
2. Decomposer : an organism that breaks down dead plants and animals into
simpler substances.
3. Food chain : A series of steps that shows how each living thing gets its
nutrients .
4. Parasite : an organism that feeds on other living organisms
5. Producer : an organism that makes it own food
6. Scavenger : an organism that eats dead plants and animals.

Choose the correct answer .

1. Which of these is a root ?
a. potato b. Ginger c. Groundnut d. Turnip

2. Which part of plants are cereals?

a. Seeds b. Vegetables c. Fruits d. Milk products

3. We get this food item from neither plants nor animals.

a. Rice b. Pepper c. Salt d. Honey

4. Which of these brings the food back to the mouth to chew later?
a. Tiger b. Dog c. Cat d. Cow

5. which of these animals needs sharp canines?

a. Elephants b. Tigers c. Sheep d. Horses
6. Which of these have the teeth that are characteristic to both deer and
lions?
a. Tiger b. Elephant c. Bear d. Rat

7. Which of these food chains can be completed if a rabbit is placed in the

blanks?
a. Earthworm ________________ Eagle
b. Grass Frog _______________
c. Grass ___________ Fox
d._______________ Shrimp Shark

8. Which of these is an example of a decomposer?

a. Snail b. Leech c. Fungus d. Lion

9. The first link in all food chain is plants.

a. Herbivores b. Carnivores c. Plants d.
Omnivorous.

[Link] of these food ingredient that we do not get from plants or animals?
Salt
a. Salt b. Honey c. Milk d. Wheat

[Link] edible part of the sugarcane plant is its stem.

a. Leaf b. Stem c. Fruit d. Seed

[Link] of honey bees on a large scale is called apiculture.

a. Poultry b. Dairy c. pisciculture d. Apiculture.
[Link] is an example of scavenger.
a. Decomposer b. Scavenger c. Omnivore d.
Carnivore.

[Link] of the following animals give us eggs? Hen and duck

a. Goat and hen b. Camel and goat c,. Camel and duckd. Hen and
duck

[Link] of the following are the examples of dairy products? Cheese curd
paneer
a. Cheese, curd ,paneer b. Paneer ,cheese, honey c. Curd,
egg ,milk d. Butter ,curd, egg.

[Link] of the following animals have white teeth to grind food? Cow and
horse.
a. Cow and tiger b. cow and horse c. Giraffe and lion d. Camel and
tiger.

[Link] of which of the following plants are eaten? Carrot and radish
a. Potato and ginger b. Ginger and radish c. Radish and potato d.
Carrot and radish.

[Link] is extracted from the seeds of mustard.

a. Spice b. Tea c. Oil d. Coffee

Very short answer questions.

 Complete the sentences.
1. The edible part of a plant is Fruit , leaves , stem , root
2. People eat the edible part of plants.
3. Bees make honey from the nectar
4. All food chains start with_producers , plants
5. Fungi and bacteria perform the function of decomposition
6. A nutrient is_substance in food that provides nourishment
7. A food chain starts with plants
Short answer questions.
1. What are the uses of nutrients ?
Ans : The uses of nutrients are:
a. It provides energy to our body.
b. It supports us in growth and repairing of tissues
c. it regulates our body functions and maintain overall health.

2. Give 2 examples each of roots, stems, leaves and seeds that we eat.
Plant parts examples
1. Root Carrot, turnip
2. Stem Sugarcane, asparagus
3. Leaves Mint, lettuce,Spinach
4. seeds Rice, beans

3. What kind of teeth does a horse have? How do the teeth help the horse?
Ans: A horse has teeth that are adapted for grinding and chewing. It has
broad and flat incisors to bite food. It has set of large flat molars that help to
breakdown tough plant materials like hay and grass. The grinding action of
these teeth helps the horse digest its food efficiently.
4. What does an omnivore eat?
Ans : An omnivore eats both plants based food and animal products. This
includes eating fruits, vegetables, grains and seeds as well as meat ,fish and
eggs.
 5. What do the arrows in a food chain indicate?
Ans : The arrows in a food chain indicate the flow of energy and the
direction of the transfer of energy from one Organism to another. They also
show which Organism is being eaten by another.

Long answer questions.

1. Write a short note on food that we get from animals.
Ans : Food obtained from animals are an essential part of our diet and
provide us with valuable nutrients like protein, vitamins and minerals. Here
are some common food we get from animals.
 Milk - milk is primarily obtained from cows. Even we can also get
from buffaloes ,goat, sheep and camel.
 Eggs – Eggs are obtained from birds, with chicken eggs being the
most common.
 Meat- Meat is the flesh of animals like chicken, lamb, goat and fish.
 Honey-honey is produced by bees from the nectar of flowers. These
animals derived food are not only delicious but also play a crucial role
in meeting our nutritional value.

3. If the number of lions has decreased by half in a grassland, what might

happen to the number of deer there? What might happen to the grass?
Ans: If the number of lions in a grassland has decreased by half, it would likely
have the following effects in the ecosystem.
 Increase in the number of deer-with few lions preying on them, the
number of deer is likely to increase. Lions are natural predators to deer
and their reduced number would lead to less predication pressure on
deer population. As a result, more deer would survive and reproduce,
leading to an increase in their number.
 Impact on the amount of grass-the increase of deer population could
potentially lead to overgrazing. More deer would feed on the grass in
the grassland . Which may result in decrease in the amount of grass
available. Overtime, this could affect the overall health of the
grassland ecosystem, potentially leading to soil erosion and changes in
 plant composition. Also the number of deer would decrease due to the
lack of food available.

Say if the statements are true or false.

1. Animals that eat both plants and animals are called omnivores-true
2. Squirrels have sharp incisors to gnaw on their food-true
3. Frogs have broad and flat in incisors to eat their food-false
4. All food chains begins with plants-true
5. Fungi and bacteria breakdown dead plants and animals and they're called
decomposers-true

Ecosystem: system that environment and their organisms form through their
interaction.
Prey : animal that is caught and killed by another animal.
Gnaw: bite or chew repeatedly
Ingredient: one of the things that they are used to make something
Herbivorous: animals that eat only plants.
Carnivores: animals that eat other animals.
Omnivores: animals that eat both plants and animals.

1. Name the animals from whom we get these foods.

Milk cattle buffaloes goats sheep camels
eggs duck chicken Penguin Peacock ostrich Emu
meat chicken lamb beef duck rabbits deer pork

2. How the honey is formed?

Ans: Bees collect nectar from flowers and take it back to their hives. Inside the
hive, they use wings to fan the nectar, evaporating the excess water and
transforming it into the thick, sweet substance we know has honey.
3. Name a food item that we get neither from plants nor animals?
Ans: Mushrooms, salt
4. Give examples of scavengers.
Ans : Vultures , Jackals, hyenas and crows
5. Give examples of herbivores:
Cows, Buffalos , Goat , Sheep
6. Give examples of omnivorous:
Bears , crows, human, pigs and chimpanzees.

7. Give examples of Parasites .

Ans : Bedbug , leech , louse and flea

8. Give 3 examples for each:

a. cereals : rice, maize ,oats, wheat ,millets
b. Pulses: green gram, black gram, kidney beans(rajma) and chickpea
c. oil seeds: sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, flax seeds, mustard seeds and
groundnut
d. nuts: almond, walnut, cashew
e. spices: pepper, coriander, fenugreek, cumin.
f. Beverages : Coffee , cocoa

9. What is food chain ?

Ans : Plants make food by photosynthesis and this food is then passed on to
animals through a series of steps called a food chain.

Since plants can make their own food they are called producers.
Animals eat or consume plants directly or indirectly. Thus, animals are called
consumers.
The ultimate source of energy for all living things on earth is the sun
Some parasite animals may even live inside other organisms.
Animals eat dead plants and animal matter are called scavengers.
Humans are omnivores

Components of Food
Keywords
1. Anaemia : The deficiency caused by the deficiency of vitamin B12 or
iron.
2. Beriberi : the deficiency disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin B1
3. Cellulose: the type of carbohydrate found in plants that cannot be
digested.
4. Goitre : the deficiency disease caused by the deficiency of iodine.
5. Night blindness: the deficiency disease caused by the deficiency of
vitamin A.
6. Osteomalacia: the deficiency disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin
D in adults.
7. Pellagra: the deficiency disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin B3.
8. Rickets: the deficiency disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin D in
children.
9. Roughage : the part of food that cannot be digested and thus helps
excrete waste.
[Link] : the deficiency disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin C.

Choose the correct answer.

1. Which of these helps us repair and replace worn out body parts?
a. Carbohydrates b. Proteins c. Fats d. Vitamins

2. which of these turns the solution purple in the test of proteins?

a. Iodine solution b. Benedict’s solution
c. Sodium hydroxide solution d. Copper sulphate solution

3. which of the following nutrients would they pregnant woman need to

have more?
a. Carbohydrates and fats b. Proteins and fats
c. Vitamins and minerals d. All nutrients
 4. which of these helps us to have good vision?
a. Vitamin B and C b. Vitamin D and K
c. Vitamin A and B2 d. Vitamin A and K

5. which of these can be stored in the body?

a. Vitamin B1 b. Vitamin A c. Vitamin C d.
Vitamin B 12
6. Which of these nutrients helps wounds heal?
a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D C. Vitamin E D.
Vitamin C

[Link] of these helps us prevent anaemia?

a. Calcium b. Sodium c. Iodine d. Iron

8. The chemical compound that make up proteins are amino acids

a. glucose b. starch c. amino acids d. sugar

9. The chemical name of vitamin C is ascorbic acid

a. thiamine b. riboflavin c. ascorbic acid
[Link]

[Link] nutrients required by the body are carbohydrate, proteins and

fats
a. carbohydrate ,proteins ,fats c. Vitamins ,proteins ,fats
b. minerals ,carbohydrates ,fats d. Proteins ,minerals, fats

Complete the analogy:

1. Iron: anaemia :: proteins : kwashiorkor.
2. Citrus fruits : scurvy :: fish liver oil: rickets
 3. Night blindness : vitamin A :: long clotting time : vitamin k
4. Formation of haemoglobin : egg :: making of growth hormone : whole
grain
5. Fluorine: seafood ::phosphorus :dairy products

Nutrient functions sources deficiency

disease/symptoms
VITAMINS
Vitamin A maintains vision; keep yellow and red night blindness
skin healthy Peppers;
(Retinol) spinach, carrot
sweet potatoes,
green leafy
vegetables,
vitamin B1 helps breakdown and Peas, bananas, Beri Beri
(Thiamine) release energy from nuts, liver
food; keeps nerves
healthy
vitamin B2 keep skin ,eyes and Milk, cracked skin; poor
(Riboflavin) nerves healthy; helps eggs ,mushroom vision
release energy from s ,plain yogurt
food
vitamin B3 helps the body release meat ,fish , pellagra
(Niacin ) energy from food; keeps whole grain,
nerves and skin healthy wheat, eggs
vitamin B 12 helps make red blood Meat, anaemia
(cobalamin) cells; helps release fish ,milk ,chees
energy from food e ,eggs
vitamin C fights infections; fruits such as scurvy
maintain skin and oranges ,Peppers
(Ascorbic bones; helps in healing and
Acid ) wounds strawberries ,bro
ccoli ,potatoes
vitamin D keeps bones teeth and oily fish, red rickets (children);
( Calciferol ) muscles healthy meat, liver, egg osteomalacia
yolks (adults)
Vitamin E Maintains healthy skin Plant oils, nuts , Skin problems ;
(Tocopherol) and eyes seeds heart disease
Vitamin K Helps in blood clothing Green leafy Excessive
( to stop bleeding ) vegetables ,veget bleeding from
(phylloquinone) able oils , cereals wounds
 MINERALS
Calcium helps to build bones and milk cheese big bones weak
keep teeth healthy dairy foods teeth
Ca green leafy
vegetables soya
bread fish
phosphorus helps build strong bones Red meat ,dairy bone pain; fatigue
and teeth ; helps release products, numbness
P energy from food fish ,poultry,
bread ,oats
Iron needed to make red liver ,red anaemia ;
Fe blood cells meat ,beans ,nut, weakness
soya beans
sodium helps the muscles and meat cheese headache ;fatigue;
Na nerve to work well ; bread weak muscles
control blood pressure
potassium Helps bananas ,broccol weak muscles ;
K muscles ,especially the i ,beans ,pulses, fatigue
heart muscles, to work nuts, seeds fish
well
Iodine keep the body healthy Cows, milk and Goitre
I and working well dairy products
Eggs, seafood

Name the diseases caused by the deficiency of the following

1. Vitamin B1 - Beri Beri
2. Vitamin B 12 and Iron- Anaemia
3. Vitamin C- Scurvy
4. Vitamin D in children- Rickets
5. Iodine - Goitre

Answer the following:

1. A boy eats more food than what is needed to his body. His diet includes
lot of butter, cakes ,chocolates ,fried fruit and sweets.
i. What condition will this lead to ?
Ans: It leads to obesity.
ii. What are the disadvantages of being in that condition?
Ans : The person becomes overweight and will not be able to lead an active
life.

iii. As a science student, what diet will you suggest him in order to be
healthy?
Ans : The boy must reduce of intake of high fat food must include more
vegetables and fruits.

2. Distinguish between
Malnutrition Under nutrition
If a person needs sufficient amount If a person does not get sufficient
of some type of food having one amount of food as per his
component only he suffers from requirement he suffers from under
malnutrition nutrition

3. State any 4 importance of water in the human body.

 It controls the body temperature
 It helps to absorb nutrients from the digested food
 It helps to remove waste from the body
 It is the main part of the blood.

4. Ravi was having difficulty in seeing things in dim light. The doctor tested
eyes sight and prescribed a particular vitamin supplements. Doctor also
advised him to include few food items in his diet.
i. Which deficiency disease is Ravi suffering from?
Ans: night blindness
ii. which food component may be lacking in his diet?
Ans : vitamin A
iii. list some food items that he should include in his diet.
 Ans : carrot, milk, papaya ,mango , leafy vegetables
Short answer questions.
1. Describe how you would test the presence of fats in a food item.
Ans: To test for the presence of fats in food sample: keep a small piece of the
food sample between the folded sheet of paper. Crush the food sample. Let
the paper dry .Hold it in front of a source of light. Appearance of translucent
area of paper, shows the presence of fat in the food sample.

2. Why is it essential to include foods rich in vitamin C and vitamin b

complex in our daily diet?
Ans: Vitamin C helps to fight infections, maintain skins, bones and also
helps quick healing of wounds. Lack of vitamin C in the body may cause
scurvy.
Vitamin B complex helps the body to breakdown and release energy from
food. It also keeps skin, eyes and nerves healthy. Vitamins B 12 is essential
in the diet as it helps to make red blood cells. Lack of vitamin B may cause
the skin to crack and lead to poor vision. Beriberi, pellagra and anaemia are
also caused due to vitamin B1 , B3 and B 12.

3. List minerals that we need to include in our meals.

Ans: We should include iron(Fe) , calcium(Ca) , phosphorus (P) ,sodium
(Na), potassium (K) and Iodine (I) in daily meals to stay healthy.
4. State any two difference between marasmus and kwashiorkor.
kwashiorkor. Marasmus
Deficiency of mostly proteins. Deficiency of proteins and
carbohydrates.

Small, thin limbs, pale and dry skin, Thin, with prominent bones; dry and
reddish hair, swollen abdomen loose skin due to loss of fat and
muscle

5. What are the main functions of water in our body?

 Ans: The main functions of water in your body are:
 Water is the main component of blood, thus helps the body absorb
nutrients and is essential for digestion and excretion.
 It plays an important role in carrying waste to the kidneys and to
excrete waste.
 It is an important component of sweat. When sweat evaporates from
the surface of the skin, it cools the body down and helps to control our
body temperature.

6. Name the reasons that could be diet unbalanced.

Ans: The diet could be unbalanced for certain reasons:
 Some people may not be able to buy food items that are rich in certain
nutrients
 Some people may choose not to eat certain food items
 Wrong methods of cooking might destroy the nutrients in the food.

7. What is balanced diet?

Ans : A diet that contains all the nutrients that our body needs in appropriate
amounts is called a balanced diet.

Long answer questions.

1. Explain how you would prove that a given food sample contains sugar?
Ans : To test if a given food sample contains sugar-the food sample is put in a
test tube and mix it with distilled water. If you drop of Benedict’s solution is
added to test tube. The tube is kept in boiling water for five minutes. If the
solution turns light blue to green, yellow, orange or red it shows that the food
item contains sugar.
2. What is the balanced diet? How does eating a balanced diet help the body
stay strong and healthy?
Ans : A diet that contains all the nutrients that our body needs in appropriate
amount is called balance diet. It Provides energy and nutrition to the body. It
also helps the body to grow and repair itself and keeps the diseases away .
The following food group should be included in a balanced diet:
 i. Milk - milk and milk products.
ii. Protein group- eggs , meat , nuts , legume
iii. fruit and vegetable group- apple , mango , spinach , carrot
iv. grain group-rice, wheat ,oats ,millets.
v. Water and roughage

3. Draw the food plate and include which group we should eat more and
which group should be eaten sparingly.
Ans : Our daily meal should contain the food items from grain group ,fruits
and vegetable group than from protein and milk group. Food that are rich in
added sugar and fat should be eaten sparingly.

Sorting materials into groups.

Keywords
1. Classification: the grouping of objects based on their similarities and
dissimilarities.
2. Conductor: a material that allows heat or electricity to pass through.
 3. Magnetic: a material that gets attracted by a magnet.
4. Miscible: that can be mixed together.

Choose the correct answer.

1. Which of these is an odd one out?
a. Iron nail b. Ball of cotton c. Glass sphere d. Rock

2. Which of these is classified correctly?

a. Group A: wooden ball, sponge Group B: Dough , metal ball
b. Group A: wooden ball, metal ball Group B: sponge, Dough
c. Group A: metal ball, sponge, Dough Group B : wooden ball
d. Group A: sponge ,metal ball Group B: Dough, wooden
ball

3. Which of these have their constituent particles packed tightly together?

a. Sugar and water b. Steel and wood
b. oxygen and oil d. Water and paper

4. Which of these is a solid?

a. A substance that needs to be stored in a container.
b. A substance that has a fixed shape and volume
c. A substance that can flow
d. A substance use particles are packed loosely together

5. Which of these can be used to put out fire?

a. Water b. Petrol c. Paper d. Dry leaves

6. Which of these is a poor conductor of heat and electricity?

a. Aluminium vessel c. Iron nail
b. Graphite pencil d. Plastic plate
 7. Oil floats on water because oil is lighter than water
a. oil is lighter and water b. Oil conducts heat and
electricity
b. oil is heavier than water d. Oil has the same density
as water

Very short answer questions.

Pick the odd one out.
a. Stone ,concrete, glass ,Jelly.
b. Plastic plate, rubber ball ,paper doll ,dirty water
c. Sugar ,salt ,chalk ,milk
d. Wood ,sand ,water ,glass
e. Jute ,cotton ,nylon ,silk.

Short answer questions.

1. How is classification helpful to us? Explain with the help of an example
other than the ones mentioned in the lesson.
Ans: Classification helps in organising and understanding a diverse range of
objects by grouping them based on similarities and dissimilarities. For
example in a library, books are classified into groups( like story
books ,science ,fiction and so on) to help the readers to easily find the type
of books they prefer.

2. Name 4 different ways of classifying substances based on similarities.

Ans: Four ways of classifying substances based on similarities are:
a. Physical properties: based on characteristics like colour ,shape ,size
and texture.
b. State of matter: classifying substances as solids ,liquid or gas.
c. Conduction of heat: grouping substances as good and bad
conductors based on their ability to pass heat.
d. Conduction of electricity: grouping substances as conductor and
insulators based on their ability to pass electricity.
3. What materials would you choose to make laboratory apparatus? Explain
why?.
Ans: For laboratory apparatus, I would choose glass and metal. As these
materials are suitable for extreme temperature variation during various
experiments.

4. What objects would you like to make with Bakelite? What made you
decide on choosing these material for the objects?
Ans: Bakelite is ideal for making electrical switches, handles of utensils and
automobile parts due to its excellent electrical insulating property, heat
resistance and durability. Its ability to be moulded into desired shapes also
make it suitable for objects.

5. What are the disadvantages of wearing flammable material as clothes?

Ans: Wearing flammable materials as clothes poses a significant fire hazards.
In the event of fire, these materials can catch fire easily and quickly leading
to severe burns and injuries.

6. What is the difference between transparent and translucent materials?

Ans:
Transparent Translucent
1. Allow most light that falls on Allow only some light that falls on
them to pass through them to pass through
2. Clear glass, clean water, cell Butter paper ,tracing paper ,frosted
phone , clear plastic glass

7. State the difference between solid liquid and gases.

Solids liquids gases
They have a definite They have a different They do not have a
shape and volume volume but no definite definite shape or
 shape volume
The particles in solids The particles in The particles in gases
are packed tightly liquids are packed less are held loosely
together tightly together than together
in solids
The particles cannot The particles can The particles can
move from their place move slightly so move freely in the
,so solids cannot flow liquids can flow space, so gases can
flow
They cannot be They can be They can be
compressed as the compressed slightly as compressed easily as a
particles are packed a particles are not particles are far apart
tightly together packed tightly

8. state the difference between soluble and insoluble in that liquid.

Soluble insoluble
1. Substances that dissolve in a Substances that do not dissolve in
liquid are said to be soluble liquid are said to be insoluble in
in that liquid. that liquid.
Sugar ,salt and coffee are Sand , chalk and pepper are some
some substances that are substances that are insoluble in
soluble in water water

9. Name the properties of materials.

a. Lustre: all metals when in a pure state are shiny. Shine or lustre is the
gentle glow that we see on some objects. Objects that shine are called
lustrous materials, why the objects that do not shine are called non
lustrous or Dull materials. Property of materials is used for making
jewellery, statues and decorative pieces.
b. Hardness: hard material Are difficult to compress.
c. Texture: A glass object is smooth to touch while a concrete wall feels
rough and uneven.

[Link] state of matter does not require container to hold it?

Solid

Long answer questions.

 1. How is ability to allow heat and electricity to pass through a substances
used to classify substances?
Ans: The ability to allow heat and electricity to pass through a substance is
used to classify substances into conductor and insulators. Materials that
allow heat and electricity to flow through easily are called conductors such
as metals like copper(Cu) and aluminium (Al). Materials that do not hello
heat and electricity to flow are called insulators .for example : wood ,rubber,
plastic.

Filling the blanks.

1. Liquids that mix well together are called miscible liquids.
2. Liquids that do not mix well together are called immiscible liquid.
3. Petrol and diesel are immiscible with water, but they are miscible with
each other.
4. Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide are also soluble in water.
5. Aquatic plants and animals breathe the oxygen dissolved in water.
6. Carbon dioxide dissolved in beverages provides the fizz to the drinks.
7. Plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

Measurement and motion

Keywords.
1. Physical quantity: any quantity that can be measured.
2. Standard unit: a standard measure that remains the same
whenever, wherever and by whomever it is used.
3. Motion: the change of position of a body over a Period of time,
with respect to stationary body.
 4. Translatory motion: a type of motion in which every part of a
moving object covers the same distance in a given period of
time.
5. Rectilinear motion: a type of translatory motion where the
motion is in a straight line.
6. Curvilinear motion: a type of translatory motion where the
motion is along a curved line.
7. Rotational motion: type of motion in which an object moves
around a fixed point and different parts of the object covers
different distances over the same interval of time.
8. Circular motion: a type of motion in which the path of the
motion is a circle and the fixed point of rotation is outside the
object.
9. Periodic motion: a type of motion that repeats itself after a
fixed interval of time.
10. Time period : The fixed time interval of a periodic
motion.
11. Non periodic motion: a repetitive motion without a fixed
time interval.

Choose the correct answer.

1. The SI unit of length is metre.
a. Metre b. Centimetre c. Millimetre d. Kilo meter
2. Which of these should be used to measure the difference between
cities?
a. mm b. cm c. km d. s

3.1 km is equal to 1000m

a.1000m b.10,000 cm c. 1,00,000 m d.100m
4. While measuring the length of a curved line, we should have a
thread
a. A ruler b. A thread c. A protector d. An eraser

5. The motion of a ceiling fan is rotational

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] periodic

6. A repetitive motion with a fixed time interval is called periodic

motion.
a. Periodic [Link] periodic [Link] [Link]

[Link] a car move straight along the road ,it shows rectilinear motion
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]

[Link] movement of the earth around its axis is rotational

movement
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] (a) and (b)

Fill in the blanks

1. The SI unit of time is seconds
2. In your geometry box, you will find divider and scale to
measure the length of a curved line
3. Parallax errors can occur due to the wrong position of the eye
while using a regular to measure length
[Link] motion of a snake is curvilinear motion
 5. A spinning top exhibits rotational motion
6. The strings of a musical instrument vibrate to produce sound.

Answer these questions

1. Name the SI units for length , mass and time .
Ans :The SI unit of length is metre (m ), mass is kilogram ( Kg) ,
and time is second.

2. Name three different instruments that can be used to measure

length.
Ans : Three different instrument that can be used is ruler ,
measuring tape and vernier calliper.

3. Define periodic motion.

Ans : Periodic motion is a type of motion that repeats itself after a
fixed interval of time.

4. What are the 2 types of translatory motion?

Ans : The 2 types of translatory motion are:
a. rectilinear motion.
b. Curvilinear motion.

5. Give an example of multiple motion.

Ans : An example of multiple motion is a bicycle moving forward
shows rectilinear motion while its wheels shows rotational motion

Long answer questions.

1. Explain the importance of having a standard system of units.
Ans : The standard system of units is important because it
provides consistent and universally understood way of
measuring physical quantities enabling accurate communication
and comparison of measurements across different context and
location.

2. Describe the different kinds of errors that may occur while using
a ruler. Also , explain how to avoid these errors .
Ans : Errors that may occur while using a ruler include parallax
error, in current position of the ruler or using a worn-out ruler.
To avoid these errors, the ruler should be placed directly over
object and eye should be aligned with reading mark.

3. Write down the differences between rectilinear and curvilinear

motions with diagrams and examples.
Ans : Rectilinear motion involves motion along a straight line,
search as car moving honest right road.

Curvilinear motion involves motion

along a curved path like a car turning in a
corner.

4. Using label diagrams, explain the difference between the motion

of a carousel and the motion of a pendulum
 Ans : The motion of a carousel involves circular motion, where the
object follows a circular path around a fixed point.
The motion of pendulum is auxiliary motion where the object moves
to and fro around a fixed point
Identify the type of motion
A.
Rotational motion

B.

Rotational motion

C.
Oscillatory motion

Answer these questions

1. Rashid is reading his motorbike through a long street of a city.
His motion is Rotational motion
 2. you are writing on a paper with a pen. The motion of a pen is
random motion
3. you spin a top twice. During the first time, it stayed spinning on
one point. During the second time, it moved on the floor as it
rotated.
a. Which type of motion was observed the first time?
b. Which types of motion were observe the second time?

Units of length.
1 centimetre(cm) = 10 millimetres(mm)
1 metre (m) = 100 centimetres (cm )
1 kilometre(km) = 1000 metres (m)

unit of mass
1 gram(g) = 1000 milligrams( mg)
1 kilogram(kg) = 1000 grams (g)
1 metric ton(t) = 1000 kilograms(kg)

unit of time
1 minute = 60 seconds
1 hour= 60 minutes
1 day= 24 hours
1 week= 7 days
1 year = 365 days
1 decade = 10 years
1 Millennium = 1000 years

Separation of substances
Decantation: the process of pouring out the liquid part of the solution leaving
the settle down solid behind.
Distillation: the process of making a liquid pure by boiling and condensing the
liquid.
Filtration: the process of removing the insoluble solid from a mixture using a
filter
Insoluble: a substance that does not dissolve in a liquid, even after mixing
Loading: the process of adding a substance to a mixture to make the suspended
particles settle down quicker.
Saturated solution: a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at a given
temperature.
Sedimentation: the process of insoluble solid settling down in a solution when
the solution is left undisturbed.
Soluble: the dissolves in a liquid
Solute: a substance that dissolves in a liquid
Solution: a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances

choose the correct answer

1. which of these mixtures can be easily separated by hand picking?
A. A mixture of grey glass marbles and green glass marbles.
B. A mixture of sand and salt
C. a mixture of large glass marbles and small glass marbles
D. A mixture of tiny rocks and sand
a. A and C b. A and D c. B and A d. B and D

2. Which of these methods of separation utilises the difference in size of the

components of a mixture?
a. Handpicking b. Sieving c. Sedimentation d. Loading
3. which of these methods of separation works by quickening a process that
is used to separate the components of a mixture?
a. Sedimentation b. Loading c. Filtration d. Decantation

4. which of these methods of separation cannot be used to separate similar

sized iron balls and sulphur balls?
A. Magnetic separation B. Sieving C. Hand picking D. Loading
a.A and B b. A and C c. B and D d. D and A
 5. Which of these mixtures can be separated by sedimentation and
decantation?
a. Sugar and salt b. Water and flour c. Sugar and water d.
Water and oil

6. which of these mixtures can be separated by both sedimentation and

decantation and filtration?
a. Water and sand b. Water and chalk c. Water and sugar
c. Water and salt

7. which of these mixtures can be separated by using loading?

a. Water and mud b. Water and chalk
c. Water and salt d. Water and sugar

8. which of these is a product that we do not get from the fractional

distillation of petroleum?
a. Petrol b. Vegetable oil c. Diesel d. Paraffin wax

9. which two processes would we need to use to separate a mixture of water

flour and sugar?
A. Evaporation B. Sieving C. Filtration D. Decantation
a. A and B b. A and C c. B and D d. D and A

10. A solute has solubility of 100 mg in 1 litre of a particular solvent at room

temperature. Which of these solutions is a super saturated solution at room
temperature?
a. A solution with 100 mg of solute in1 litre of solvent
b. As solution with 101 mg absolute in 1 litre of solvent
c. A solution with 89 mg of solute in 1 litre of solvent
d. As solution with 95 mg of solute in 1 litre of solvent
Fill in the blanks.
1. Hand picking uses difference in size to separate solids by hand.
2. Loading uses addition of another substance to make the seperation faster
.
3. Filtration uses a material to keep back one of the components while
letting the liquid pass through
4. Distillation uses a process that uses vaporization and condensation to
separate the components

1. write the difference in physical property that the following methods of

separation users to perform separation.
a. Magnetic separation: difference between magnetic property.
b. Filtration: separating fine insoluble solid particles from liquids.
c. Fractional distillation: difference in boiling point of components.
d. Sedimentation and decantation: difference in density with heavier
particle settling at the bottom
e. Distillation: a pure liquid is obtained from a solution by operating liquid
and then condensing the vapour

2. what is solubility?
Ans : The solubility of a substance is the maximum amount of solute that to be
dissolved in 100 g of solvent in a certain temperature.

[Link]:
a. solute :substance that dissolves in liquid:.
b. Solvent: the liquid in which solute dissolves
4. What is a saturated solution?
Ans: A saturated solution is the one in which no more solute can be dissolved at
the temperature.

Short answer questions:

 1. why do we separate mixtures into their components?
Ans : We separate mixtures into their components to obtain pure substances
or to obtain used products by remaining impurities.

2. Differentiate between hand picking and sieving

Hand picking sieving
Hand picking involves manually Sieving uses sieve to separate solid
separating solid particles based on particles based on size and shapes
different sizes and shapes such that the smaller particles pass
through while the larger remain on
the sieve

3. Explain the process of threshing and winnowing

Ans : Threshing is a process of separating the grains from the stalk by beating
on hard surface.
winnowing is a process of separating the grains from the stalk by allowing the
wind to carry away the lighter particles, While this heavier grain settled down.

4. How can a saturated solution be made into a super saturated solution.

Ans : if a saturated solution is heated. It will be observed that some more
solute can be dissolved in it. This is because if solubility of a solute increases
with temperature that is called a saturated solution.

Long question answers.

1. You are in a hurry and want to separate a mixture of water and an
insoluble solid. Which method would you use ? explain the different steps
that you would need to follow with the diagram.
Ans : We would use the method of filtration to separate the mixture of a
water from an insoluble solid. We should use the following steps for the
process:
a. set a funnel in a stand. Fold the filter paper and place it inside the funnel.
b. Place the empty beaker under the funnel.
 c. Pour the mixture slowly into the filter paper in the funnel
d. the clear water comes out from the funnel and collects in beaker below.
The solid particles are left on the filter paper.

2. Describe how we will separate following mixtures at home:

a. oil and vinegar: oil and vinegar can be separated using a separating
funnel. Let the mixture settle in funnel for some time to form layers. Oil
will float on vinegar. Then open the valve and carefully remove vinegar.
b. Tap water: tap water can be purified. Pour the tap water through clean
cloth or filter paper to remove any large particles or impurities.
c. Vegetable salad: components of vegetable salad can be separated by
handpicking. You can also use fork or spoon to pick out larger vegetable
pieces.
d. Salt water: To separate salt from water we can use method of evaporation.
Heat salt water in a vessel over low heat as water evaporates salt will be
left in vessel.

4. Briefly express process of fractional distillation?

Ans : Fractional distillation is used to separate mixture of miscible liquids based
on difference in boiling points. For example mixture of alcohol and water can
be separated by fractional distillation as boiling point of alcohol is around
78°C , while boiling point of water is 100°C . Fractional distillation is used to
separate crude oil into its constituents-petrol, diesel, kerosene and so on
 Fractional distillation of crude oil.

5. Draw a need label diagram of distillation

6. Name one method that you would use to separate the following mixtures.
a. Sand and water: filtration
b. saw dust and water: decantation
c. mud and water: sedimentation
d. powder chalk and water: filtration
e. Obtaining salt from sea water: evaporation
f. purifying water: loading/filtration.
 7. Name 2 methods for separating the following mixtures.
a. Solid solid mixtures-hand picking and sieving
b. solid liquid mixtures-fractional distillation ,separating funnel.
c. Liquid liquid mixtures: sedimentation, decantation

Fill in the blanks:

1. Evaporation is the process of converting liquid into its gas form.
2. During fractional distillation we get both components of a liquid-liquid
mixture back.
3. Petrol and diesel are separated using fractional distillation.
4. Separating funnels are used to separate immiscible liquids
Electric current and circuits.
Conductor: a material that allows electric current flow through.
Electric circuit: the path through which electricity flows.
Electric current: the flow of electricity through certain materials.
Electricity: is specific type of energy that we use to power home appliances,
vehicles and industrial machines.
Insulator: A material that does not allow electric current to flow through.
Primary cell: an electric cell that can be used once
secondary cell: an electric cell that can be recharged and reused

Choose the correct answer.

1. Which of these is not a source of electricity that we use to power our
electrical appliances at home?
a. A dry cell b. Lightening c. Solar energy d. Wind energy

2. what is the energy change in a solar cell?

a. Chemical to electrical c. Heat to electrical
b. light to electrical d. Electrical to light
 3. the metal casing of a dry cell is made of zinc
a. zinc b. Aluminium c. Iron d. Cardboard

4. The negative terminal of a dry cell is the flat metallic surface.

a. The raised metal part c. The outer cover
b. the flat metallic surface d. The carbon rod

5. which of these is not an essential component of an electric circuit?

a. Electric cell b. Switch c. Bulb d. Electric bell

6. which of these is not a metal but an electrical conductor?

a. Brass b. Silver c. Graphite d. wood

7. Which of the following can be considered as a battery?

a. One cell b. 4 cells c. 2 cells d. (b) and (c)

8. Current cannot pass through pure water

a. Pure b. impure c. frozen d. flowing

9. Which of these is used widely to make electric wires?

a. Silver b. Aluminium c. Copper d. Both B & C

Fill in the blanks.

1. Chemicals and electrodes react in a dry cell to produce electricity.
2. The filament of the electric bulb glows when current passes through it.
3. Lithium ion cells are used in mobile phones.
4. Circuit diagram is a simple way of representing an electric circuit on
paper.
5. Paper is a poor conductor of electricity.
 6. Tap water, which has dissolved salts in it, can be used to conduct
electricity
7. Current flows through a circuit when it is closed.
8. Switch is a device that is used to close or open an electric circuit
9. The direction of current in a circuit is from the positive terminal to the
negative terminal.
10.A circuit is open when the switch is off

Say if the cell is a primary cell or secondary cell.

1. Car battery: secondary cell
2. lithium ion cell-secondary cell
3. solar cell-secondary cell
4. button cell-primary cell
short answer questions.
1. Make a list of 3 electrical appliances that you use everyday. Mention the
source of electricity for each of them.
Ans : mobile phone-lithium ion cell
small mixer-battery/main electricity
laptop-lithium ion cell
fridge/washing machine-main electricity

2. what is the difference between a primary cell and secondary cell.

Primary cell secondary cell
1. non rechargeable 1. rechargeable .
2. can we use it only once 2. It can be reused
3. it produces electric current 3. the chemical that produce
through an irreversible reaction electricity are reversible
between chemical stored into
electrical energy

4. What kind of energy is converted to electricity in a dry cell?

Ans : Chemical energy is converted to electrical energy in a dry cell.
 5. What is the direction of current in an electric circuit?
Ans: the direction of flow of current in an electric circuit is from positive
terminal to negative terminal.

6. Draw the symbols used in a circuit diagram to show a battery, bulb and
switch.
BATTERY

Bulb

Switch : open switch

Closed switch:

7. What is the difference between conductor and insulator?

Ans: conductor-materials that allow electric current to flow through them are
known as electrical conductor.
Example: metals, some alloys of material, aluminium
Insulator-materials that do not allow electric current to flow through them.
Example: plastic, wood, glass

long question answers.

1. Draw the cross section of a dry cell and explain the functions of different
parts.
Ans: The metal cap is the raised part of dry cell represented by positive
symbol (+) the carbon rod is connected to the positive terminal at the
bottom. The outer layer is made of zinc( Zn) and cell is filled with
ammonium chloride (NH4 Cl)paste and powdered magnesium dioxide(Mg
O2)
When the positive and negative terminals of a cell are connected through a
wire ,the chemicals inside the cell react with each other and produce
electricity.
Thus, dry cell convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.

2. Draw a neat label diagram of electric bulb

3. You have created a circuit. But when you turn the switch on, the bulb
does not glow. List the possible reasons for this malfunction.
Ans : Following it possible reason for a bulb do not glow in a circuit:
i. The circuit is open
ii. The filament of a bulb is broken
iii. The switch in circuit is switch turned off
iv. The wires can be loosed
 Changes Around Us
Reversible change : A change after which the original substances can be
recovered.
Irreversible change :A change after which the original substances cannot be
recovered .
Periodic change :A change that repeats after a fixed period of time
Non-Periodic change :A change that does not occur after fixed intervals of time
Precipitate :A solid formed by a change in a solution.
Physical change: a change that involves only the change in physical properties
and not the formation of any new substances.
Chemical change: it changes that involves the formation of new substances

Choose the correct answer .

1. Which of these is slow change ?
a. Burning of paper c. Dissolution of sugar in water
b. Spinning of a top d. Growth of a plant

2. Which of these is a periodic change ?

a. Tearing of paper c. Boiling of an egg
b. Rising of the Sun d. Blowing up of a balloon

3. Which of these is not a reversible change ?

a. Blowing up a balloon c. Folding a paper
b. Breaking a twig d. Pulling a rubber band
 4. Which of these is an irreversible change?
a. Evaporation b. Sublimation c. Sedimentation d. Combustion

5. which of these is a physical change?

a. Cooking b. Combustion c. Rusting d. Condensation
6. which of these are physical changes that are irreversible?
A. Melting of ice B. Cutting off hair C. Burning paper D. Breaking of
glass
a. A and C b. A and D c. C and D d. B and D

7. In which of these changes is a new substance formed?

a. sublimation of naphthalene c. Evaporation of water
b. Combustion of paper d. Expansion of gas

Answer the following short answer questions.

1. Define and give 2 examples each for: a. Fast change b. Slow change.
Ans: Fast change: change the occur quickly.
Ex: breaking of glass, bursting of crackers.
Slow change: change that happen gradually over time.
Ex: growth of an adult, formation of oil.

2. Due to examples of human made changes.

Ans: Two examples of human made changes are: construction of a building
and production of plastic.

3. Is the statement ‘ all physical changes are reversible true or not? Explain.
Ans: The statement ‘all physical changes are reversible’ is not true while
many physical changes are reversible but not all of them can be undone for
 ex: cutting a piece of paper can be reversed because you cannot get back of
original piece of paper.

4. What kind of changes are following : a ) cutting of fruits. b) Boiling of

vegetables.
Ans: a) Cutting off a fruit is an irreversible physical change. Once cut, an
apple cannot form whole apple again.
b) When we boil vegetables, the change is chemical. We cannot get raw
vegetables back.

5. Is distillation of water physical change? Explain.

Ans: Distillation of water is a physical change. It involves the separation of
water from impurities through evaporation and condensation. No new
substances are formed in this process.

6. Briefly explained rusting and what kind of change it is.

Ans: Rusting is a chemical change. It occurs when iron reacts with oxygen
and moisture to form iron oxide(rust) . This is chemical reaction , as the
composition of iron changes to form new substances( iron oxide ).

Long answer questions.

1. Differentiate between reversible and irreversible changes with the
examples.
Reversible changes irreversible changes
1. changes that can be 1. changes that cannot be
undone. undone.
2. The original substances 2. The original substance cannot
can be recovered be recovered
3. the change is physical in 3. the change is typically
nature. chemical in nature.
4. Ex: melting of ice 4. Baking a cake
 2. Explain how you will know if a chemical change has happened.
Ans: You can identify a chemical change by observing one of these signs:
I. Formation of gas( bubbles)
II. formation of new substance
III. Change in colour or order
IV. For instance, when iron rust , it is a chemical change because it forms
a new substance (iron oxide with different colours and properties).

3. Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes .

Physical changes chemical changes
1. changes in which no 1. changes in which a new
substance is formed are substance is formed are
called physical changes. called chemical changes
2. Some physical changes are 2. most chemical changes are
reversible while other may irreversible as new
be irreversible. substances are formed.
3. The melting of ice, 3. The burning of paper, the
dissolution of salt in water, digestion of food, the rotting
evaporation of perfume, of vegetable peels,
crashing off again and photosynthesis and
freezing of water are some respiration are some
examples examples

Examples of chemical equation.

1. 2mg + O2 2mgo
(magnesium ) + Oxygen magnesium oxide
Reactants Products

2. 2h2 + O2 2H2O
Reactants Products

3. Na + Ce Na Ce
Sodium + Chlorine Sodium Chloride
Say if those requests are true or false.
1. All the changes that we see around us are fast changes: false
2. The tearing of paper is an irreversible change: true
3. earthquakes, cutting down of trees and pollution are all human made
changes-false.
4. Physical changes do not usually require any change in energy-False.
5. If a change involves the formation of a new substance, it is a chemical
change-True

Circle the correct option and fill the blanks.

1. During expansion, which of the following changes takes place? Size
increases.
a. Size increases b. Size decreases c. Mass increases d. Mass
decreases

2. what kind of change is the ripening of a mango? Chemical and

irreversible
a. physical and reversible c. Chemical and reversible
b. chemical and irreversible d. Physical and irreversible

3. what type of change is the curdling of milk? Chemical

a. physical b. Chemical c. Reversible d.
Periodic

Assertion reasoning based questions

1. Assertion(A): ripening of a fruit is a chemical change
Reasoning(R): there is change in the taste, colour and odour __A

2. Assertion(A): formation of paneer from milk is an irreversible

Reasoning(R): paneer can be easily converted back to milk- C
 3. Assertion (A): volcanic eruption is a slow change
Reasoning(R): changes that takes long time to happen is said to be slow
change-D
Match the following
1. Irreversible change needs mixing of two substances(6)
2. Reversible change need heating(5)
3. Sewing of a piece of food chemical change(4)
4. Wrapping of a banana a new substance is formed (1)
5. Melting of wax physical change(3)
6. Formation of a sugar solution no new substance is formed(2)

Classify the following as physical, reversible/ physical, irreversible

Chopping or vegetables, glowing of electric bulb, melting of ice ,occurrence of
tides, grating of coconut

Physical / reversible Physical/irreversible

glowing of an electric bulb, melting chopping of vegetables, greeting of
of ice, occurrence of tides coconut

Give any two examples for each of the following .

1. Sublimation : Camphol , solid carbon dioxide
2. Periodic change :Change in season , movement of pendulum ,rising of
sun , Phases of moon

Answer the following question .

1. Cut brinjals are kept in water .Give reasons.
Ans : Cut brinjals become brown when exposed to air due to chemical
change . Hence they are kept in water.
2. Dry ice used as a refrigerant does not wet the container it is kept in. Give
me a reason.
Ans : Dry ice does not melt to become water instead directly it will change
from solid to gas. So it does not wet the container .

3. Define reversible change.

Ans: Reversible change that can be undone. Here an original substance that
can be recovered.

4. Give anyone example for chemical reaction showing reactants and

products.

co2 + H20 C6H1206 + O2

5. Write the process involved in the given change of state .

A- Melting
B- Freezing
C- Evaporation
D- Condensation
E- Sublimation
F- Deposition
 Living and non living
Autotroph: an Organism that makes its own food
Cell: the basic unit of life
Excretion: the process by which the waste is sent out of the body
Heterotroph: an Organism that depends on other organisms for its food
Nutrition: the process by which organisms obtain food
Reproduction: the process by which living things produce young ones of their
own kind.
Respiration: the process by which energy is obtained from food
Stimulus: any change in the surroundings that causes a change in behavior.

Piplantri a small village in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan, India is known for

its unique tradition. Every time a girl child is born in this village, the villagers
come together to plant 111 saplings and ensure their growth.

Choose the correct answer./

1. Which of these is a unicellular Organism?
a. Ant b. Amoeba c. Worms d. Lice

2. Which of these is correct?

a. Cell organ organ system tissue organism
b. Cell tissue organ system organ organism
c. Cell tissue organ organ system organism
d. Cell organ system organ tissue Organism.
 3. Which of these is not the same as the others?
a. Paper b. Sun c. Balloon d. Tadpole

4. Respiration in insects occurs through______

a. Gills b. Stomata c. Spiracles d. Lungs

5. During which process is energy released?

a. Eating b. Breathing c. Respiration d. Growth

6. Which of these do seeds not need for germination?

a. Water b. Warmth c. Air d. Food

7. Which of these does not contain any waste products excreted by living
organisms?
a. Gum b. Urine c. Sweat d. Tears

8. Which of these is a response to stimuli the occurs without much thought?

a. Taking your hand away when you touch something hot.
b. Running towards a shelter after feeling the rain on your skin.
c. Running outside when you hear the sound of the ice-cream van
d. Switching on the light when it begins to get dark.

Say the statements are true or false.

1. All living things continue growing larger through their life span.
2. Animals are the only organisms that can move.
3. Non living things do not move by themselves
4. All plants reproduce through seeds
5. All plants live for years or decades
6. Every stimulus as a response
 Getting to know plants
Carpels :The female reproductive parts of the flower.
Stamens: The male reproductive parts of the flower.
Petals: colorful parts that attract insects and other animals.
Sepals: small leaf like structures( usually green) at the base of the flower.
Peduncle : thickened part to which all the parts of the flower are attached.
Pedicle : the stalk of the flower.
Plumule : the baby shoot growing from a seed.
Pollination: the transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma.
Radicle : the baby root growing from a seed.
Root cap: the structure at the end of the radical that protects the delicate tip of
the root from damage.
Transpiration: the loss of water in the form of water vapor mainly through the
stomata
Venetian : the arrangement of veins in the leaf

Choose the correct answer.

1. The banana plant is a
a. Herb b. Shrub c. tree d. Creeper

2. Which of these describes the taproot system?

a. A long thick central route with lateral roots.
b. Hair like roots growing from the base of the stem.
c. A bunch of fine roots forming a dense network inside the soil.
d. A long thick route that grows into the soil without any branches

3. We eat this part of the potato plant.

a. Root b. Stem c. Leaf d. Fruit
4. Which of the terms describe the release of water vapor through the
stomata?
a. Transpiration b. Photosynthesis c. Respiration d. Reproduction

5. In water lily , the leaves float on the surface of the water. So where would
the stomata be found?
a. The stomata will be found on both surfaces of the leaves.
b. There will be no stomata on the leaves.
c. The stomata will be found only on the upper surface of the leaves.
d. The stomata will be found only on the lower surface of the leaves.

6. This structure develops into a productive part around the seed.

a. Fruit b. Ovary c. Style d. Ovule