Female Reproductive System
1-The primary sex organ: Ovaries
2-The tubes: those include two uterine tubes, the uterus and the vagina.
3-External genitalia
Ovary
• It is located in the ovarian fossa in the lateral wall of the pelvis related:
superiorly: external iliac vessels
posteriorly: ureter & internal iliac artery.
Anteriorly: broad ligament of the uterus.
Inferiorly: obturator nerve and vessels.
• 2 poles: upper pole (tubal) & lower (uterine).
Upper pole: attached to the lateral
pelvic wall by suspensory ligament of
the ovary
Lower pole: connected to the utero -
tubal junction by the round ligament
of the ovary
• 2 borders: Anterior(mesovarium)
& posterior (free).
• 2 surfaces: lateral & medial.
Lateral surface: is related to the ovarian fossa
Medial surface: is related to the uterine tube.
Arterial Blood supply: Ovarian artery derived from the abdominal aorta
Venous drainage: Veins emerge at the hilum of the ovary as a pampiniform plexus → ovarian vein.
Right ovary drains directly into the inferior vena cava
Left ovary drains into the left renal vein → Inferior vena cava
Lymphatic drainage:
1. Lateral aortic lymph nodes
2. Internal iliac lymph nodes
Organization of the female reproductive system:
Uterine Tube
-Tortuous ducts, site of fertilization
Situated in medial ¾ of the upper free border of the
broad ligament
• Laterally, the tube opens into the peritoneal
cavity near the ovary (abdominal ostium).
• Medially, it opens into the superior angle of
the uterus (uterine ostium).
Fimbriae → infundibulum → isthmus → interstitial
Blood supply:
Lateral → ovarian vessels
Medial → uterine vessels
Venous Drainage:
Ovarian & uterine veins
Lymphatic drainage:
Lateral aortic & internal iliac lymph nodes
Uterus
Pear-shaped muscular organ. It is situated in the lesser pelvis between the urinary bladder and
rectum. Anti-verted anti-flexed
1. At its supero-lateral angles: the uterus receives the uterine tubes.
2. Inferiorly: it opens into the vagina at external os.
Parts of cervix:
1. Supra-vaginal: Anteriorly related to the bladder. Posteriorly related to rectum
2. Vaginal : divides the vagina into 4 fornixes, the posterior one is the deepest
Relations:
1. Anterior: urinary bladder
2. Posterior: sigmoid colon & small intestine
3. Lateral: receives uterine tube & attachment point for broad ligament
Arterial Supply: Uterine & ovarian arteries
Venous Drainage: uterine veins
Lymphatic drainage:
Nerve Supply:
1. Sympathetic: T12, L1&2
2. Parasympathetic: S2,3,4
Vagina
Extends from the uterus to the vestibule
Relations:
1. Anterior wall: related to the urinary bladder and urethra
2. Posterior wall: related to the rectum and anal canal
3. Lateral: Mackenrodet’s ligaments & sphincter vaginae (levator ani).
Arterial Blood supply: vaginal artery → uterine artery
Venous drainage: vaginal vein → internal iliac vein
Lymphatic Drainage:
1. Above hymen: internal, external iliac &sacral lymph nodes.
2. Below hymen: superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Nerve Supply:
1. Autonomic fibers from the utero -vaginal plexus.
2. The lower inch of vagina is supplied by the pudendal nerve.
External Genitalia:
Vulva:
1. Mons Pubis
2. Labia Majora
3. Labia Minora
4. Clitoris
Clinical Correlation:
1. Endometritis is a uterine infection that presents with fever, pelvic pain, and vaginal
discharge. It is commonly seen after birth, especially via cesarean section or if there are
retained products of conception after miscarriage or abortion.
2. Salpingitis is inflammation of the uterine tubes that is usually caused by bacterial infection.
This can potentially result in infertility or an ectopic pregnancy.
3. Hysterectomy: removal of the Uterus