Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology
Department of EEE
Project Report
Course No. : EEE 2226
Course Name : Numerical Technique Lab
Project Name : Load Calculator for Residential Buildings
Date of Submission : 25/09/2025
Submitted by
ID :20230105005
20230105007
20230105008
Year : 2nd
Semester :2nd
Section : A1
Objective: The objective is to calculate electrical load to determine
transformer and PFI plant ratings for building infrastructure.
Components:
• Edit field
• Lavel
• Numeric Edit field
• Panel
• Drop down Box
• Button
• Table
• Axis
Functions:
• AddLightLoadButtonPushed
• AddFanLoadButtonPushed
• AddPoweroutletButtonPushed
• AddEmergencyLightLoadButtonPushed
• AddEmergencyFanLoadButtonPushed
• AddEmergencyPowerLoadButtonPushed
• AddNormalLightLoadButtonPushed
• AddNormalFanLoadButtonPushed
• AddNormalPowerLoadButtonPushed
• CalculateButton_2Pushed
• UIAxesButtonDown
• GraphButtonPushed
Procedure:
Step-by-Step Working Procedure of the Electrical Load Calculation
Application
1. Input Load Values
User Interaction: The application begins by allowing users to
input load details for various building sections, such as
Ground + Stair + Roof, Emergency Load, and Normal Load
per Flat. For each section, users specify the quantity and watt
per unit of different load types (e.g., lights, fans). Load types
are chosen using a drop-down menu, and the details are
added to the system through corresponding action buttons.
Button-Push Mechanism: After selecting and entering the
load information, users confirm their input by pressing
dedicated buttons (e.g., “Add Light Load”). This action inserts
the specified load data into the relevant tables, ensuring that
each load category is recorded and organized systematically.
2. Load Data Processing:
When the user inputs the load values, the system processes
these values to convert the input wattages (e.g., for the lift,
water pump, etc.) into kilowatts (KW). If any non-numerical
values (e.g., text) are entered, the system defaults them to 0 to
prevent errors.
3. Take out Load Data from Tables:
After all load values are entered, the system extracts the total
Load from the input tables (Emergency Load, Normal Load,
etc.). In case the table is empty or contains invalid data, the
system assigns the total power as 0 to avoid issues. This
extracted load information is converted from watts to kilowatts
(KW).
4. Calculate Total Load:
The program figures out the Total Load (KW) by adding up the
Lift Load, the Pump Load, the Emergency Power, and the
Normal Power. These values show the total electrical demand
for the building.
5. Apply Demand Factor:
Demand factors for buildings typically range between 50 and
80 % of the connected load. We assume 70% of the demand
for this application.
6. Transformer Rating: of
The adjusted demand load (KW) is then converted into a
transformer rating (kVA). This step is performed by dividing the
demand load by the system's power factor (commonly
assumed to be 0.8), which determines the size of the
transformer required to support the building's electrical
Demand.
7. PFI Plant Rating:
To improve the power factor of the electrical system, a Power
Factor Improvement (PFI) Plant is required. The PFI plant rating
is calculated as 60% of the transformer rating. This
compensates for reactive power in the system and improves
overall efficiency.
8. Display Results:
Once the calculations are completed, the application displays
the results, including the transformer rating (kVA) and the PFI
plant rating (kVAR). These results are shown in the designated
fields of the app interface for the user to review.
Flow chart:
RUN
Input Loads
Calculate Total
Loads
Apply 70% Demand
Factor
Convert to Transformer
Ratings(kVA)
Calculate PFI
Ratings(kVAR)
Display
End
Display:
Discussion:
The Electrical Load Calculation, Transformer Sizing, and PFI Plant
Rating Application is a MATLAB-based tool with a graphical user
interface (GUI) that streamlines the process of assessing building
electrical loads. It collects data on various loads—such as lights,
fans, sockets, lifts, and water pumps—from different sections of the
building, including the ground floor, stairs, roof, emergency circuits,
and standard flat loads. Using this information, the application
calculates the total connected load in kilowatts (kW), applies a 70%
demand factor to account for realistic operating conditions, and
converts the result into kilovolt-amperes (kVA) for transformer sizing.
In addition, the application determines the rating of the Power Factor
Improvement (PFI) plant as 60% of the transformer capacity,
supporting effective power factor correction.
To maintain reliability, the system validates all inputs, ensuring that
only numerical values are processed. Any invalid or text entries are
automatically replaced with zero to prevent errors. By integrating
demand and power factor conditions, the application delivers
accurate results while reducing manual effort and calculation time.
Nevertheless, the tool has certain constraints. It relies on fixed
assumptions such as a 70% demand factor and 0.8 power factor,
lacks adaptability for complex or specialized projects, does not
consider future expansion of electrical loads, and does not provide
recommendations for specific transformer or PFI unit models.
Even with these limitations, the application remains a valuable
resource for electrical engineers and designers by offering a faster,
more dependable method for load assessment. Adding
customization options, forecasting capabilities, and guidance on
equipment selection would make it more versatile and suitable for
real-world engineering applications.