CET303 DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES
MODULE IV
SYLLABUS
Limit state of collapse – compression, Design of axially loaded short column.
Design of short columns subjected to compression and uniaxial/biaxial bending- design using
SP16 charts.
Ms. Angitha Sasidharan 1
COLUMNS
Column is a structural element subjected (predominantly) to AXIAL compressive forces.
It is a compression member that forms part of vertical framing system.
Column cross section shape can be square,
rectangular, circular, T-shape, L-shape,
Pentagonal etc.
Material of construction can be Timber, Masonry,
RCC, Steel etc.
IS 456 defines column as a compression member, the effective length of which exceeds three times the least lateral dimension.
(Clause 25.1.1)
Transverse steel
Longitudinal steel – They carry the compressive loads along with the concrete.
Longitudinal steel
Transverse steel – Always provided to give the confinement
Ms. Angitha Sasidharan 2
Classification of RCC Columns
I. Based on Type of Reinforcement
• Tied columns: In this type, main longitudinal bars are enclosed within closely spaced lateral ties
• Spiral columns(spirally reinforced columns): In this type, main longitudinal bars are enclosed within spiral ties.
• Composite columns: Reinforcement is in the form of structural steel sections or pipes, with or without longitudinal bars.
Ms. Angitha Sasidharan 3
Classification of RCC Columns (continued)
II. Based on Type of Loading Occurrence of pure axial compression in a column is
relatively rare !
• Columns with axial loading (Load applied concentrically) – Axial compression Generally, flexure (and sometimes shear)
accompanies axial compression
• Columns with uniaxial eccentric loading – Axial compression with Uniaxial bending Shear in columns are usually neglected because the
shear stresses are generally low, and the shear
• Columns with biaxial eccentric loading – Axial compression with Biaxial bending resistance is high due to presence of axial
compression and lateral reinforcement
Uniaxial eccentric loading Biaxial eccentric loading
Ms. Angitha Sasidharan 4
Classification of RCC Columns (continued)
III. Based on Slenderness Ratios
1. Short Columns slenderness ratio ≤ 12
2. Long or Slender Columns slenderness ratio > 12
Slenderness Ratio
• It is the ratio of effective length of column to the least lateral dimension of column leff / D
• It provides a measure of the vulnerability to failure of the column by elastic instability in the plane in which slenderness
ratio is computed (Buckling).
Columns with low slenderness ratios (relatively short and stocky
columns) will fail under ultimate loads with the material reaching its
ultimate strength.
Columns with high slenderness ratios are in danger of buckling
under relatively low compressive loads and thereby failing suddenly.
Design codes helps to control such failures by specifying
“slenderness limits” to columns
Ms. Angitha Sasidharan 5
IS 456:2000 - Page 94, Table 28
Unsupported length of column ( l)
It is the clear distance between the floor and the shallower beam framing
in to the columns in each direction, at the next higher floor level.
Effective length of column ( leff)
The vertical distance between the points of inflection of the compression
member in the buckled configuration in a plane is termed as effective
length le of that compression member in that plane.
The effective length is different from the unsupported length ‘l’ of the
member, though it depends on the unsupported length and the type of
end restraints.
The relation between the effective length and unsupported length of
any compression member is
leff = k l
k = effective length factor whose value depends on the degrees of rotational and/or
translational restraints at the column ends
Inflection points in the deflected shape of column are the points at which curvature of the column
changes sign and are also the points at which column's internal bending moments are zero.
Ms. Angitha Sasidharan 6
IS 456:2000 Recommendations or Specifications regarding Columns
Page No. 41, Clause 25 Compression Members
Cl. 25.1.2 Short column, Slender column
Cl. 25.2, Annex E Effective length of column
Cl. 25.3.1 Maximum allowed Slenderness ratio = 60
Cl. 25.3.2 Maximum allowed unsupported length for cantilever columns.
Cl.25.4 Minimum eccentricity value
Cl.[Link] Cover for longitudinal reinforcement
Cl.[Link] and 2 Longitudinal & Transverse Reinforcement
Cl.39 Limit state of Collapse: Compression
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Cl.[Link] Longitudinal Reinforcement
• The minimum amount of steel should be at least 0.8 per cent of the gross cross-sectional area of the column required if for any
reason the provided area is more than the required area.
• The maximum amount of steel should be 4 per cent of the gross cross sectional area of the column so that it does not exceed 6
per cent when bars from column below have to be lapped with those in the column under consideration.
• Four and six are the minimum number of longitudinal bars in rectangular and circular columns, respectively.
• The diameter of the longitudinal bars should be at least 12 mm.
• Columns having helical reinforcement shall have at least six longitudinal bars within and in contact with the helical reinforcement.
The bars shall be placed equidistant around its inner circumference.
• The bars shall be spaced not exceeding 300 mm along the periphery of the column.
• The amount of reinforcement for pedestal shall be at least 0.15 per cent of the cross-sectional area provided.
Ms. Angitha Sasidharan 8
Page No. 70 and 71, Clause 39 Limit state of Collapse: Compression
Design of axially loaded column
short column
(equation)
-- IS 456:2000 Page 71
Ms. Angitha Sasidharan 9