Pharmaceutical Technology

Phase 2 - Foundation

Performed by: Jessica Maria Poveda ID: 1116552122

Group:

National Open and Distance University - UNAD Technology in Management of

Pharmacy
Sogamoso headquarters

September 22

INTRODUCTION

In the following work, I will talk about the different magistral formulas of its
importance for pharmacotechnology and humanity since thanks to this one can
improve the quality of life of patients who find a solution to their condition
of health through these mixtures.
 Objective

As for the objective of this work, it is to learn about magistral formulas.

which is very important because by exploring the topic further one can analyze
that allows improving the process of medication use by adapting to
the need of the patient who requires it, which will improve with a positive response
to his treatment.

1 What are the differences between magistral preparation and officinal preparation?

A Magistral Formula is a medication prescribed by a doctor to meet or

meet the specific treatment needs of the patient. This must be
prepared by a Pharmaceutical Chemist in accordance with manufacturing standards
appropriate quality control.
On the other hand, an official preparation is those medications formulated and
guaranteed by a pharmacist or under their direction. These are dispensed in a
pharmacy, listed and described by the National Formulary and is intended for the
direct delivery from the patient or client that supplies that pharmacy office.

Unlike magistral preparations, official preparations do not require

a prescription and are used for the treatment of minor symptoms.

2. What is conditioning material and what is tooling material? Give an example.

practical
The conditioning material refers to the elements used to prepare
to adapt a product or space. These materials are necessary to
guarantee the quality, safety, and proper presentation of a product. Some
Examples of conditioning material are:
Packaging and packaging: boxes, bags, bottles, cans, etc.
● Labels and labelers: adhesive labels, label printers, etc.
 Protective materials: bubble wrap, foams, adhesive tapes, etc.
Manipulation tools: knives, scissors, tweezers, etc.
tools or equipment.
instruments in a specific process or activity. These materials are necessary
to carry out a task efficiently and effectively. Some examples of
the tooling materials are:

Hand tools:
screwdrivers, keys, pliers, hammers, etc.
Electrical equipment: drills, saws, sanders, etc.
Measurement instruments: measuring tapes, levels, calipers, etc.
● Specialized machinery: welding machines, laser cutters, printers
3D, etc

3 What are the magistral preparations that according to our regulations

they can be prepared by Pharmacy Managers, and in which establishments
Can pharmacists perform them?

According to article [Link].11 of decree 780.

The pharmacy manager can prepare non-sterile magistral preparations and
of the usotopic such as: ointments, salves, powders, creams, gels, lotions. The place
The preparations are made in the pharmacy-drugstores.

4 If you need to make a non-sterile topical magistral preparation, what

What cleaning and disinfection techniques would you apply?

Cleaning and disinfection techniques

Two types of cleaning are distinguished:

Routine: it is one that is carried out daily or between activities performed.

Terminal maintenance: It is the one that is carried out in all areas of the
institution meticulously including ventilation systems, lighting and
storage, no more than once a week or if the conditions of the area allow it
ameritan is carried out before the scheduled time in order to prolong its
effectiveness.

The technique to be used for cleaning and disinfecting flat surfaces is the
drag.

Dragging Technique: It always involves cleaning from top to bottom and in the
ceiling in one direction, avoiding repeating the pass of the cloth several times
through the same place. It is important to emphasize cracks and hard-to-reach areas.
access where accumulated dirt can remain for handling
the machines apply the zig-zag technique.

5 How should the labeling and storage of raw materials be carried out?
used in magistral preparations?
1. Name of the official preparation or, if applicable, the magistral formula
typified (formula described in a form) that must match with the
established in Pharmacopeias or other reputable formularies
international.
2. Complete qualitative and quantitative composition of the active ingredients and
of the recipients.
3. Pharmaceutical form, route of administration, and amount dispensed.
4. Registration number in the recipe book, or supporting document that replaces it, of
agreement with the current legislation of each country.

5. Batch number, in the case of official preparations.

6. Date of preparation and validity period.
7. Conservation conditions and special use conditions, such as
"Shake well before use", "For external use", etc.
8. Patient's name in the case of magistral formulas.
9. Pharmacy office or dispensing pharmaceutical service: name, address,
phone number and name of the pharmacist or pharmaceutical chemist.
10. Warning: 'Keep out of reach of children' or others
precautionary and warning legends, where applicable, such as 'Use
external

6 ¿Qué es materia prima y qué es un excipiente? De dos ejemplos de cada uno

Prime: It is every element that fulfills the first link of the
the composition of the pharmaceutical product can be of animal, plant, or
mineral.
Excipient: these are responsible for shaping the medication.
capsules, tablets, solutions to facilitate their administration

7 after reviewing the topic of raw materials and excipients most commonly used in the
non-sterile magistral preparations and if I had to prepare a water emulsion
In oil, what materials would you use?

Water
Egg yolks
Spoon
Glass container
Emulsifying agent
Oil
8 review of concepts of measurement of volumes, mass, dilutions, density and
concentration.

VOLUME: It is used to quantify the distribution of a drug throughout

the body after administration via oral or parenteral. It is defined as the
the theoretical volume necessary for all organs or compartments to have
a concentration of this equal to that in the blood plasma. It
can calculate dividing the administered dose of the drug between the
plasma concentration of the same.
MASS: Physical magnitude that expresses the amount of matter in a body, measured
by this lainercia, and whose unit in the international system is the kilogram (kg).
DILUTION: It is a procedure through which concentrations are obtained.
lower initial wing, making a dose adjustment using calculations
mathematicians. It is made from a liquid medication or previously
reconstituted.
DENSITY: It is the physical property that characterizes it and is defined as
the quotient of mass and volume of the substance in question. The value of the
The density of intravenous medications is not always easy to obtain.
CONCENTRATION: It is the amount of active ingredient contained in a
medication.
9 What basic pharmaceutical operations can occur in the preparation of
a non-sterile topical magistral formula?
Magistral preparations must be made with the data from the medical formula.
of the patient which are: weight, age, name, concentration, deadline of
use, batch number.2.
Labeling of the packaging material with the characteristics
aforementioned.
3. Asepsis in the workplace through the cleaning of the area
masterful preparation.
10 identificar: soluto, solvente, diluyente, qué es una dilución, ejemplos prácticos.
Solute: it is the component found in lesser proportion and can be a
solid like table salt. (sodium chloride) there are different types of solutions
depending on the state of aggregation of the solute and the solvent, for example, sugar.
that dissolves in water.
Solvents: they are substances that dissolve other substances within them. The most
Common in the laboratory is water. For example, water is the universal solvent.
Thinner: they are substances that increase the weight and volume of the preparation and we...

make it more manageable. Some of the most commonly used thinners are starch
potato, corn, or rice, microcrystalline cellulose.
What is a dilution: it is a procedure by which
the concentration of a solution generally decreases with the addition of a
diluent however the dilution can also occur through a process
to remove solute from the solution.
Example: in the kitchen when a potato is added to a very salty food to
removing the excess salt, the food will have a less salty taste due to the
potatoes absorb their salt content.
12. In a table present the characteristics of a solution, a
suspension, an emulsion.

Emulsion Suspension Solution

What are they? A chemical solution The suspensions The emulsion is

 it is the mixture they are mixtures a process that
homogeneous of a heterogeneous consists of the
or more substances formed by a mix of two
dissolved in another powdered solid different liquids
substance in greater (solution) or that cannot be
proportion small particles to mix, it is
no solubles (phase say, let them be
scattered) that is immiscible between
dispersed in a yes.
half
liquid (dispersant or
disperser.

Characteristic CONCENTRATION The suspensions A liquid (the phase

as From a solution they present the disperses
It is the proportion next dispersed in
in what characteristics: the another (the phase
stoichiometrically suspension is a continue the phase
is present a way to dissolve dispersant). Much
composed of a all the as emulsions
solution and it characteristics of they are from

relates to weight the elements oil/water, with

of the solute and chemicals of the food fats
of the solvent. subjects, so everyone as one of
the elements the most types
SOLUBILITIES there they originate on their own, common to
capacity that it has there are many ways oils found
to merge a to suspend the in daily life. If
soluto indeterminate chemical mixtures of the emulsion
solvent, the the elements Sus contains more than the
solutions no particles are 1% of the phase
they can be separated from those greater than the dispersed
physical manner as the dissolutions and the emulsion is not
through the colloids, what stable
decantation, it allows to observe them quickly separating
they separate by crystallizing At first glance. Their mind of
the solution, distilling particles are the liquids
or submitting the they settle if the components
sample for analysis suspension is left endos layers.
Chromatographic. Resting factor. The emulsification
physical factors that affect the components of the helps with digestion
solubility of the suspension of fats in
substance like: the to separate by the
amount of solute means of intestines, facilitating
Emulsions Present, centrifugation or the metabolism
the heat applied to the decantation, filtration by the enzymes
solution or reaction and evaporation. calls
that can produce the Lipasas. The area
mix of the total of the
 compounds is a surface of the
factor that determines particles of a
its solubility. colloidal system
CONDUCTIVITY: It is it is huge in
the capacity that comparison with
it has a solution a equal mass
to transport of matter
energy. Depends compact. If the
of the presence of colloidal particle
ions in the solution, it is spongy
a greater amount of it will have an area
this will be greater superficial still
the conductivity, it May
What is needed?
generally for
check the purity
the water
conductivity of the
drinking water is from
0.005-0.05 S/m
Siemens by subway
or how is it measured in
the system
international
micromhos/cm
per centimeter) it
that transforms it into
a driver of
quite a lot of electricity
cash.

13. Regarding pharmaceutical calculations:

14. Identify what is a weight to weight concentration, weight to volume, and volume to volume.
volume.

%p/p (weight/weight percentage) = (g of solute/g of solution)*100.

%p/v (weight to volume percentage) = (g of solute/mL of solution)*100.
● %v/v (porcentaje volumen a volumen) = (mL de soluto/mL de solución)*100.
15. What information do we get from the following expressions:

Calcium chloride at 1% w/w means that the solution contains 1% chloride.

of calcium in weight. This indicates that for every 100 grams of solution, 1 gram
it is calcium chloride.
A "4% w/v coffee preparation" indicates that there is 4% coffee in the solution.
volume. This means that for every 100 ml of solution, 4 ml are coffee.
 An 8% v/v alcohol solution tells us that there is 8% alcohol in the solution.
alcohol by volume. This implies that for every 100 ml of solution, 8 ml without
alcohol.

16. What is the p/p concentration of a prepared sodium chloride solution?

weighing 15 grams of sodium chloride and weighing 500 ml of water? explain the
steps and identify the basic operations that take place in the preparations.

To calculate the p/p concentration (percentage by weight) of a chloride solution

For sodium, we need to know the mass of the solute (sodium chloride) and the total mass.
of the solution.

In this case, we are provided that 15 grams of sodium chloride were weighed and
500 ml of water was added. To calculate the total mass of the solution, we must
It should be noted that the density of water is approximately 1 g/ml.
thus, the total mass of the solution will be equal to the mass of the sodium chloride plus the
mass of water.

Steps to calculate the p/p concentration:

Calculate the total mass of the solution:

Mass of sodium chloride: 15 grams
Mass of water: 500 ml * 1 g/ml = 500 grams
Total mass of the solution: 15 grams + 500 grams = 515 grams
Calculate the percentage by weight:
Weight percentage = (Mass of the solute / Total mass of the solution) * 100
Weight percentage = (15 grams / 515 grams) * 100
Weight percentage ≈ 2.91%
In summary, the p/p concentration of the prepared sodium chloride solution is
approximately 2.91%. The steps involved in the preparation of the
solution includes the weighing of sodium chloride and water, and the addition of the chloride
sodium to the water. The basic operations that occur in the preparations are the
weighing and the addition of substances.

17. What is the concentration of a sugar solution prepared at

Mix 18 grams of sugar with 350 grams of water? Perform a
a diagram presenting the steps for this preparation, what
materials and equipment I would need for this and what are the
basic pharmaceutical operations that I would perform.

18. What is the concentration of a sugar solution prepared at

mix 18 grams of sugar by adding water in a sufficient quantity of 350 mL?
Make a scheme presenting the steps for it.
preparation, what materials and equipment would I need for it and which ones
are the basic pharmaceutical operations that I would perform. What
There is a difference between this preparation and the previous one.

To prepare this solution, you will need the following materials and equipment:

Analytical balance to precisely measure 18 grams of sugar.

Beaker or flask to mix sugar and water.
Stirring rod or glass rod to help dissolve the sugar.
Distilled or deionized water to prepare the solution.
The steps to prepare the solution would be as follows:

Weigh 18 grams of sugar accurately using the analytical balance.

Pour the sugar into the beaker or flask.
Add distilled or deionized water to the beaker or flask, little by little.
little, while it is stirred with the stirrer or glass rod.
Continue adding water and stirring until the total volume of the solution
reach 350 mL.
Check that the sugar has completely dissolved in the solution.
The concentration of the sugar solution can be calculated by dividing the mass of the
solute (sugar) divided by the volume of the solution and multiplied by 100 to obtain
the result in percentage.

Sugar concentration = (mass of sugar / volume of solution) * 100

In this case, the concentration of the sugar solution would be:

Sugar concentration = (18 g / 350 mL) * 100 = 5.14%

The basic pharmaceutical operations that would be performed in this case are the
measurement of the solute mass, the preparation of the solution by dissolution
of the solute in the solvent and the verification of the complete dissolution of the solute in the
solution

We have the following formula for an emollient cream:

Input Quantity % weight to weight %weight/volume

Cetyl alcohol 1g 2.72% 3.33%

Stearic acid 3g 8.15% 10%

Mineral oil 2.5 g 6.79% 8.33%

Triethanolamine 0.3 g 0.81% 1%

Distilled water csp 30 g 81.52% 100%

Calculate the weight-to-weight and weight-to-volume percentages of each ingredient in it.
Preparation. What is the purpose of the concept of density in this exercise?

Total weight = 1 g + 3 g + 2.5 g + 0.3 g + 30 g = 36.8 g

Calculate the weight-to-weight percentage of each ingredient by dividing the weight of each
ingredient between the total weight and multiplying by 100:
Cetyl alcohol: (1 g / 36.8 g) * 100 = 2.72%
Stearic acid: (3 g / 36.8 g) * 100 = 8.15%
Mineral oil: (2.5 g / 36.8 g) * 100 = 6.79%
Triethanolamine: (0.3 g / 36.8 g) * 100 = 0.81%
Distilled water: (30 g / 36.8 g) * 100 = 81.52%
Calculate the weight to volume percentage of each ingredient by dividing the weight of
each ingredient divided by the total volume (in this case, the volume of distilled water)
and multiplying by 100:
Cetyl alcohol: (1 g / 30 g) * 100 = 3.33%
Stearic acid: (3 g / 30 g) * 100 = 10%
Mineral oil: (2.5 g / 30 g) * 100 = 8.33%
Trietanolamine: (0.3 g / 30 g) * 100 = 1%
Distilled water: (30 g / 30 g) * 100 = 100%.

20. From the previous formula, calculate the necessary quantities.

to prepare 85 grams of this cream and calculate again the
weight percentages of this new preparation.

CETYL ALCOHOL %p/p

Mass of solute
STEARIC ACID %W/W
MINERAL OIL %p/p TRIETHANOLAMINE
DISTILLED WATER CSP

21. What conclusions do you reach after performing these weight percentage calculations?
a peso.

Supplies Percentage p/p of 133 (g or ml)

Cetyl alcohol 1.769911504% p/p

Stearic acid 7.079646018%

Mineral Oil 2.212389381%

TRIETHANOLAMINE 0.4424778761%
 Distilled water CSP 88.49557522% Supplies

Input W/W percentage of 85 (g or ml)

Cetyl alcohol 1.769911504% p/p

Stearic acid 7.079646018%

Triethanolamine 2.212389381%

CSP distilled water 0.4424778761%

We can observe and analyze that the the peso-to-peso percentage does not change
due to the dissolution of volume.

Link to the video questions 1 to 14

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

● Barranco Martos, A. (2013). Technical manual of pharmacy and parapharmacy. Vol.

I. Madrid, Spain: Editorial CEP, S.L. [Link]

[Link]/es/ereader/unad/50549?page=568

● Piñeiro, G. (2011). Practical aspects of Pharmaceutics in a service of

[Link] to access the content of the provided URL.
[Link]
● Sanz Cillero, A. (2013). Manual for the preparation of magistral formulas,

official, dietary, and cosmetic preparations: training for the

[Link], Spain: Editorial CEP, S.L. [Link]
[Link]/en/ereader/unad/50521?page=148