Fluid Flow Calculations in Pipes
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ScribdTranslationsFluid Flow Calculations in Pipes
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ScribdTranslations1. In a pipe AB, oil flows.
The diameter gradually narrows from
0.45 m at A to 0.30 m at B. At B it branches. The pipe BC is 0.15 m.
C and D discharge into the 0.25 m diameter pipe.
atmosphere. The average speed in A is 1.80 m/s and the average speed in
D is 3.60 m/s. Calculate the flow rate in C and D and the velocities in B and C.
Data:
- D A =0.45m
- DB =0.30m
- DC =0.15m
- D D =0.25m
- V A =1.80m/ s
- V D =3.60m/s
Finding the velocity at point B:
Q A =QB
A A. V A =A B. V B
π ( 0.45)2 π ( 0.302)
∗1.80= ∗V B
4 4
V B =4.05m/s
Finding the velocity at point C:
QB =QC+QD
A B. V B =A C. V C+ A D. V D
2
π ( 0.30)2 π ( 0.15 ) π ( 0.252)
∗4.05= ∗V C+ ∗3.60
4 4 4
V B =6.18m/s
Finding the expenditure at point C:
Q C = A C. V C
π (0.15)2
QC = ∗6.18
4
QC =0.11m3 / s
Finding the expenditure at point D:
QD = A [Link]
π (0.25)2
QD = ∗3.60
4
QD =0.18m3 / s
2. Oil with a relative density of 0.8 flows through a 6" diameter pipe.
The viscosity is 1 poise. The flow rate is 200 l/s. Calculate the number.
of Reynolds.
Data:
6 inches
- ρ = 0.8
- μ=1 poise
200 l/s
l
∗0.001m3
s m3
200 =0.2
1l s
We find the speed:
Q=A.V
Q
V=
A
(0.2)
V=
π (6∗0.0254)2
4
V =10.964m/ s
We find Reynolds:
Dρ..V
ℜ=
μ
ℜ=0.8∗ ( 6∗0.0254)
∗10.964
ℜ=¿
3. A horizontal pipe AB with a diameter of 0.40 m carries 300 l/s of
water (T = 20°C). The pressure at point A is 5 Kg/cm2and at point B
is 3.5 Kg/cm2The length of the pipe is 850 m. Draw the line.
piezometric and energy line. Calculate the Reynolds number.
Data:
0.40 m
300 l/s
20°C
L = 850 m
l
∗0.001m3
s m3
300 =0.3
1 liter s
We find the speed:
Q=A.V
Q
V=
A
(0.3)
V=
π ¿ 0.402
4
V =2.39m/s
We find Reynolds:
L.V
ℜ=
μ
0.4∗2.39
ℜ=
1.02∗10−6
ℜ=937254.90
P 1V21 P 2V 2
Z1+ + =Z 2+ + 2+hf1−2
g2g g 2g
4. A horizontal pipe with a diameter of 8” and a length of 500 m conducts 100
L/s of oil with a viscosity of 1 poise and a relative specific weight of 0.8.
pressure at the initial point is 4 Kg/cm2and at the final point of 3 Kg/cm2.
Draw the piezometric line and the energy line. Calculate the number of
Reynolds.
5. A pipe AB with a diameter of 0.80 m carries 1 m3/s of water. The
The elevation of the starting point A is 25.8 m and its pressure is 5 Kg/cm.2. The
The elevation of point B is 20.2 m and its pressure is 2 Kg/cm.2. The
The length of the pipe is 1 km. The temperature is 20 °C. Draw the
piezometric line and energy line. Calculate the pressure of the pipe
at the midpoint of the distance AB.
6. A pipe has a diameter of 6" in its first section and a velocity of
3 m/s. The second section has an 8" diameter. Calculate the flow and the
speed in the second section.
Data:
- D1=6
- D2=8
-V = 3 m/s
We found the speed:
Q=A.V
π (6∗0.0254)2
Q= ∗3
4
Q=0.055m/translatedText
Q1=Q2
3m 2
∗π ( 6∗0.0254)
s
Q 1= ¿V2 ¿ A2
4
3 m π (6∗0.0254) 2 π (8∗0.0254) 2
x =V 2x
4 4
V 2=1.70m/ s
7. A vertical conical tube has a loss between its ends 1 and 2.
load hf, equal to
(V 1−V2)2
h f =0.25
2g
V1the speed at point 1 is equal to 6 m/s. the speed at the
Point 2 is 2 m/s. The length of the tube is 8m. The pressure at point 2
equivalent to 10 m of water. Calculate the pressure in Kg/cm2in point 1.
8. There is a pipeline whose initial section has a diameter
8" and a pressure of 2 Kg/cm2The final section has a diameter of
6", a pressure of 1 Kg/cm2and it is 1.20 m above the section
initial. Calculate the energy loss hf, between both sections. The fluid
it is crude oil with a specific gravity of 0.93 and the temperature is
25 °C.
Data:
-
D A =8 = 0.2032
- P A =2 K g /cm2
- h A =0
- DB =6 = 0.1524
- PB =1 K g / cm2
- h B=1.20m
- T =25°C
γL
γ r= → γ L=γ r× γ Water
γ Water
Kg
γ L =927.81
m3
Kg
γ L =927.21
m3
We apply the energy equation:
we assume as laminar flow
P 1V21 P22V 2
Z 1 + + =Z 2+ + +hf 1−2
g2g g2g
V2 V2
21.57+ 1=1.20+10.79+ 2+ hf1−2
2g 2g
9.58= ( V222g−V12 ) +h f
187.96=V22−V12 +h f(2 g )
ℜ× μ ℜ× μ
187.96= − +h f(2g)
D2 D1
2000(5.137×10−6) 2000(5.137 times 10−6 )
187.96= − +hf (2 g )
0.1524 0.2032
187.96=0.067−0.05+hf(2 g )
187.94
hf =
2g
h f =9.58m
9. A vertical pipe with a variable cross-section conducts water. The diameter at the
the top is 12 cm and the bottom is 6 cm. The length is
of 10 m. When the flow rate is 80 l/s, the pressure difference between the
The manometers installed in sections 1 and 2 are 2.5 Kg/cm.2.
Determine what the flow should be in this pipe for it to
the pressure difference between 1 and 2 is zero. Consider that the
pressure loss hfbetween 1 and 2 is proportional to the speed.
10. Calculate the expenditure in the system shown in the figure. The diameter of the
the pipe is 4". The energy losses in the system amount to
4V2
2g
Data:
- D=4=0. 1016
4V2
hf1−2=
2g
We apply the energy equation:
P 1V21 P 2V 2
Z1+ + =Z 2+ + 2+ hf1−2
g2g g 2g
V 22 4V2
10= +
2g2g
V22 +4 V 2
10=
2∗9.81
196.2=5 V 22
V 22=6.26m/s
We find the system's expenditure.
Q=A.V
π (0.1016)2
Q= ∗6.26m/s
4
Q=0.0508 meters3 /s
11. A pipe narrows from 12" in section 1 to 6" in section 2.
the pressure difference between both sections is equivalent to 20 cm of
0.15V12
Mercury. The energy loss between 1 and 2 is 2g . Calculate the
expenditure. What would the expenditure be if the load losses are disregarded?
[Link] cross section of a circular pipe has been divided into 10 areas.
equalized through concentric circles. It has been measured the
average speeds in each area, starting with the speed in the
center. The results in m/s are: 1.71; 1.70; 1.68; 1.64; 1.58; 1.49;
1.38; 1.23; 1.02; 077. Calculate the values of α and β. If the diameter were
from 0.80 m calculate the flow rate.