INFORMATION SHEET No.

10
SOCIAL SCIENCES
TEACHER: JORGE COELLO
GRADE: 2nd SEC–III UNIT
THE RENAISSANCE

The Renaissance is the cultural and artistic movement that began in Italy in the 15th century that directs
his eyes to Roman classicism and to man as the center of things, overcoming tradition
medieval theocentrism. It is not surprising that it is in Italy where such a process occurs, for the
the impressive legacy of the old Roman Empire was present even in the midst of the medieval period
and the Italian world never completely detached, as even its art shows
peculiar Romanesque. The dissemination of Renaissance culture and art to the rest of Europe was slow
and unequal.

Origins of the Renaissance

It originated in Italy in the 14th and 15th centuries, reaching its peak at the beginning of the 16th century. From Italy
it slowly spreads across Western Europe. Over the fifty years from
1520 to 1570 marks the mature fullness of the Renaissance, and its decline is also perceived. All
Western Europe is now taking part in the movement of arts and letters.
the reception of Italian tastes becomes widespread, the great masters emerge not only in Italy anymore,
but in the entire realm of Western monarchies. Among the causes that facilitated the
Renaissance, stand out:

◗ The wealth in Italian cities, originated from trade and industry.

◗ Wealthy families and the Popes protected the new Renaissance knowledge (Patrons)
◗ The fall of Constantinople, which forced many Byzantine scholars to take refuge in the
rest of Europe.
◗ The great geographical discoveries of the Spanish and Portuguese.

General characteristics of Renaissance art

◗ Imitation of the architecture and sculpture of Greece and Rome.

◗ Realization of an ideal beauty, adjusted to standards dictated by reason.
◗ Search for serenity and balance that come from the harmony of the whole.
◗ It is realistic: human or animal figures and inanimate objects are
reproduced with the utmost care.
◗ The painting is presented with geometric perspective and gives the illusion of depth.
◗ Preference is given to the human body, particularly the nude, whose anatomy is
study and copy carefully.

Stages of the Renaissance

I. The Quattrocento (15th century)

Between 1400 and 1500 AD, the cultural center was the city of Florence and the main patrons
they were the Medici family. Among the most prominent artists, we have:

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 INFORMATION SHEET No. 10
SOCIAL SCIENCES
TEACHER: JORGE COELLO
GRADE: 2nd SEC–III UNIT
a) In architecture: Filippo Brunelleschi bequeathed geometric perspective, the principles of which
mathematicians developed and which would later be made known by Alberti. His crowning work was the
construction of the dome of the Cathedral of
Florence.

b) In painting: Masaccio emphasized naturalness and the

expressiveness of their works. Trinidad and stand out.
Life of Saint Peter and the Expulsion from Paradise.
part, Sandro Botticelli was influenced for
Neoplatonism that sought to reconcile ideas
Christians with the classics. This synthesis is expressed
in Spring (c. 1478) and in The Birth of
Venus (post 1482).

c) In sculpture: Donatello imbues his works with profound drama and moral tension.
Highlights reliefs of Saint John the Baptist in the Cathedral of Siena and those of the pulpits of Saint
Lorenzo; it also features a bronze statue known as the David.

II. The Cinquecento (16th century)

Between 1500 and 1600 AD, the cultural center was the city of Rome, with the main patrons being
the popes Julius II and Leo X. They highlight 'the Renaissance trilogy' made up of Leonardo, Raphael
and Miguel Ángel.

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

He was born in Florence and has attained celebrity, both for his depth of thought as well as
the universality of his knowledge. He was a painter, sculptor, engineer and architect, physicist,
mathematician and astronomer, philosopher, writer, and poet. Pioneer of aviation, navigation
submarine, from mechanics; carried out important studies and research in the field of
anatomy, physiology, chemistry, etc. This outstanding artist stands out primarily as a painter.
and sculptor. With deep sensitivity, his precise drawing creates clear and serene compositions (the
Virgin of the Rocks, The Last Supper), in which the light softly transitions to shadow
the volumes, within an atmosphere of mystery and poetry, evident in his famous portrait The
Mona Lisa.

Leonardo belonged to the Lombard school, and was protected for most of his life.
by Ludovico the Moor, moving in 1515 to the patronage of Francis I of France.

Michelangelo Buonarroti

He was born in Caprese, Tuscany, and was a protégé of Lorenzo de' Medici, and Popes Julius II, Leo.
X and Paul III. Their main productions were:
In sculpture, he sculpted the masterful statue of Moses to adorn the tomb of his protector, the
Pope Julius II. It is currently preserved in the Vatican Museum. The Pieta is also his.
Piety) or Virgin of Sorrows, which represents Christ lying on the knees of his mother.
The gigantic David is also remarkable. In painting, commissioned by Pope Julius II, he painted the
immense fresco known as the "Last Judgment," in the Sistine Chapel in Rome. This same
the chapel was adorned with numerous frescoes of unique beauty, such as The Creation of the World,
among others. In architecture, I was involved in the construction of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome.
(Vatican), drafting the plans for the immense dome, considered the largest in the world.

Rafael Sanzio (1583-1520)

Born in Urbino, he completes the trilogy of the Renaissance alongside Michelangelo and Leonardo.
He achieved perfection as a painter in drawing, color, and the art of composition. In his first

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 INFORMATION SHEET No. 10
SOCIAL SCIENCES
TEACHER: JORGE COELLO
GRADE: 2nd SEC–III UNIT
Florentine stage, influenced by Leonardo, painted
beautiful Virgins or Madonnas. Starting from 1508,
Rafael worked in the Vatican where he received the
influence of Michelangelo. There he decorated the
Stay of the Signature with four
compositions referred to collectively as the
School of Athens, then he painted other rooms.
and loggias with biblical scenes. Likewise, among
his paintings include The Parnassus, in which
the most renowned are represented
poets; The Dispute of the Most Holy Sacrament,
which summarizes the history of the Church; The
Sagrada Familia, for Francis I, the portraits
of Julius II, Leo X, among other paintings.

ACTIVITIES

1. Respond:

What role did the patrons play? 3. Artists considered as the 'trilogy of Re-
birth.

2. Focus the center of cultural irradiation during the 4. Renaissance sculptor, worked in marble the Da-
Four hundred. see.

2. The factors that contributed to the emergence of the Renaissance were:

a)
b)
c)
d)

3. Complete the information:

Fifteenth century Five hundred

◗ Cultural center: ◗ Cultural center:

◗ Patron: ◗ Patron:

◗ Representatives: ◗ Representatives:

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 INFORMATION SHEET NO. 10
SOCIAL SCIENCES
TEACHER: JORGE COELLO
GRADE: 2nd SEC–III UNIT
4. Relate

Dome of the Florence Cathedral Lorenzo Ghiberti

b) The Birth of Venus ( ) Donatello
c)Gattamelata, the David Filippo Brunelleschi
The Gates of Paradise Sandro Botticelli
5. Mark the correct answer:

1. Among the predominant characteristics of a) Francisco I–Pedro Jascot

Renaissance movement, we have: b) Henry II - Felipe Delome
A. Promotes the change in the ways of Francisco II–Juan Bullart
life and the customs of the time. Charles IX–John Goujon
B. Close connection with Antiquity e) Henry IV–German Pilon
from Greece and Rome, which are attempted to be imitated.
C. Gives great importance to the knowledge of 7. The protectors of artists in development
man and the world around him. They were called Renaissance:
D. He cultivated the system of philosophy
scholasticism and developed the Gothic styles and a) Patron
Romanesque. Chancellors
c) Envoys of the Lord
a) A, B d) B, C, D d) Papal Envoys
b) Only D and C e) Humanists
c) A, B, C
8. Of the artistic innovations that occurred
2. Renaissance painter who re-evaluates the classical and the during the Renaissance, it was the expression that
knowledge of famous characters at stood out more:
to portray it in his School of Athens:
a) Architecture
a) Botticelli b) Painting
b) Leonardo c) Sculpture
c) Michael Angel d) Literature
d) Bartolomé Esteban e) Music
e) Raphael Sancio
9. Relate:
3. It has no relation to the Quattrocento: a. Filippo Brunelleschi
b. Sandro Botticelli
a) Sandro Botticelli c. Leonardo da Vinci
b) Donatello d. Michael Angel
c) Brunelleschi i. The Creation
d) Masaccio ii. Virgin of the Rocks
e) Michael Angel iii. Dome of the Florence Cathedral
iv. The Birth of Venus
4. Among his works is the Moses, The
Pieta, The Slave", David; for many a) aii–biii–ci - div
considered the first modern sculptor: b) ai–biii–civ - dii
a) Sanzio d) Rotterdam c) aii–biv–ci - diii
b) Vince and Moro d) aiii–biv–cii–di
c) Bounarroti e) aiii–bi–civ–dii

5. The patrons fulfilled their commitment to provide assistance to the 10. The artists del Renaissance
Renaissance artists; Michelangelo had the they studied classical culture and outlined new
support from the Supreme Pontiff, while Leonardo aesthetic foundations, among which stand out:
he/she had the support of the family
. a) The improvement of architecture
a) León X–Capulet. classic
b) Julius II–Sforza. b) The realism of images
c) Nicolas V–York. c) The refinement of techniques of
d) León IX–Medici. painting
e) Miguel VII–Grimaldi d) The management of volumes
e) The organization of space, the
6. The Louvre Museum in Paris, ordered to perspective and the theory of proportions
built by the French king it was the work of
artist.