TRANSFER PROTOCOL OF

FILES (FTP)

OMAR RONCALLO CERVANTES

Engineer In Process

JULIÁN ANDRÉS MERA PAZ

Engineer, Specialist

COOPERATIVE UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBIA

POPAYAN SEAT

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING PROGRAM

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APRIL-9-

2015

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 CHAPTER 1

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Title 1 "The File Transfer Protocol, the protocol for file exchange over the

Internet. FTP works in the same way as HTTP to transfer web pages from a

server in the user's browser and SMTP to transfer the email through

Internet in which, like these technologies, FTP uses TCP/IP protocols from the Internet to

allow data transfer. It is a network protocol for file transfer between

systems connected to a TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) network, based on the architecture

client-server. Leo Juszkiewicz, that 1is, if I have a client team A, it is possible

connect to server B to be able to download or upload [Link] of the

operating system used on each machine, in this case we can conclude that FTP is used with

a high frequency in the file download option from an internet server and

also to upload a file to a server that is available on the internet. Although many

people may not know about this protocol, many have used it when uploading files,

download files we are using this protocol and doing

a client-server interaction that is used in this process.

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(Juszkiewicz)
Juszkiewicz, L. (n.d.).
Title 2 'The FTP service is provided by the application layer of the layered model'

TCP/IP network for the user, usually using network port 20 and 21. A basic problem.

The FTP is designed to offer the maximum speed in the connection, but not the maximum

security, since all the exchange of information, from the user's login and password in

the server until the transfer of any file is done in plain text without any type of

encrypted, with which a potential attacker can capture this traffic, access the server and/or

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to take possession of the transferred files. "Angel Ortiz, Similarly, it is observed that in

all the articles found; the definition of FTP as a network protocol for the

file transfer based on client-server architecture; this architecture

client-server is the relationship that this protocol uses. Example: Where client A processes

The information that you send to server B, it takes the information, reads it, and sends a

response; the information is available on server B for download, also to

other clients A can upload new files for server B to manage them and thus remain

available for different users A. This protocol has a significant flaw that it does not contain

security, it can be said that all the files on the server are subject to

any user downloaded them, for For this reason, FTP is not secure.

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(Ortiz)
 CHAPTER 2

Connection Modes

The protocol uses two connection modes which are Passive Mode and Active Mode.

Active Mode: In Active Mode, the server always creates the data channel on its port 20.

while on the client side the data channel is associated with a random port greater than the

1024. To do this, the client sends a PORT command to the server through the control channel

indicating that port number, so that the server can open a data connection for you

where the files and listings will be transferred, at the specified port.

Passive Mode: When the client sends a PASV command over the control channel, the server

FTP indicates the port (greater than 1023 of the server, e.g., 2040) through the control channel.

what the client must connect. The client initiates a connection from the port following the port

from control (Example: 1036) to the previously specified server port (Example:

2040). Before each new transfer in both Active and Passive modes, the client

must send a control command again (PORT or PASV, depending on the mode in which it has)

connected), and the server will receive that data connection on a new random port (if it is on

passive mode) or through port 20 (if it is in active mode). In the FTP protocol there are 2 types of

transfer in ASCII and in binaries.

In summary, we see how the protocol has a significant flaw in the part of

security, since the client machine must be willing to accept any connection from

entry. To solve this problem, passive mode was used as compared to mode

This active mode uses random ports to ensure data security.

 Types of file transfer in FTP

Title 1 "It is important to know how we should transport a file across the network. If not

if we use the appropriate options we can destroy the information in the file. That is why, when

to run the FTP application, we must remember to use one of these commands:

ASCII type: Suitable for transferring files that only contain printable characters

(ASCII files, not files resulting from a word processor), for example pages

HTML, but not the images that may contain that page.

Binary Type: This type is used when dealing with compressed files, executables for PC,

images, audio files.

CHAPTER 3

FTP Client and Which Ones We Can Use

Title 1A FTP client uses the FTP protocol to connect to an FTP server to

transfer files.

Some basic FTP clients are built into the operating systems, including

Windows, DOS, Linux, and Unix. Due to the great need, there are many FTP clients.

name some of these many, there are: FileZilla, CuteFTP, WSS FTP, Coffee Cup, CoreFTP

WorldWide FTP, FTP Now, Shuttle FTP Suite, and many more.
 FTP Server

An FTP server is a special program that runs on a server usually connected

on the Internet (although it can be connected to other types of networks, LAN, MAN, etc.). The function

of the same is to allow the movement of data between different servers/computers.

In a few words, FTP is one of the first protocols used and for this reason the vision of

security was very little used, as in these times measures must be taken to protect

our data, such as: Continuously reviewing the server configuration, use

file verification software etc.

Title 2 "Although the FTP access authorization features make it more secure, the

Reinforcement prohibits a client from arbitrary access to any file until it is obtained.

a connection and an access key for the computer on which the server is operated. For

provide access to public files, many TCP/IP locations allow FTP

anonymous"Douglas E Comer3

We can enter this protocol in two ways, either as a client or anonymously.

In client mode, you need to have a registered account and your password; in anonymous mode, the

the protocol generates an anonymous name and a guest key.

Anonymous FTP is very important, as it prevents local access to clients who are not invited.

or in a few words, they are intruders. The anonymous ftp generates a name for anonymous access and

a guest access key to be able to maintain control. FTP is the transfer protocol

of more generalized files in the TCP/IP set, but it is also the most complex and difficult

In programming, FTP requires both client and server to manage various TCP connections.
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to eat
 CHAPTER 4

The FTP commands

All communication conducted in the control channel follows the recommendations of the protocol.

Telnet. Therefore, FTP commands are Telnet character strings (in NVT-ASCII code)

that end with the Telnet end of line code (i.e., the sequence <CR>+<LF>,Return

of followed car removecharacter Progress of indicated line how <CRLF>).

If the FTP command has a parameter, it is separated from the command by a space (<SP>).

FTP commands make it possible to specify:

The port used

The data transfer method

The data structure

The nature of the action to be performed (Recover, List, Store, etc.)

There are three different types of FTP commands:

Access control commands

Transfer parameter commands

FTP service commands

Access control commands

Description
o
USER String that allows identifying the user. The identification
user is necessary to establish communication through the
data channel.

PASS String that specifies the user's password. This

command must be immediately preceded by the command USER. The
the client must decide whether to hide the display of this command for
security reasons.

ACCOUNT String that specifies the user's account. The command

it is generally not necessary. During the response that accepts the
password, if the answer is 230, this step is not necessary; If the
the answer is 332, yes it is.

Transfer parameter commands

Description
o

PORT String that allows specifying the port number

used.

PASV Command that allows you to indicate to the DTP server to remain at the
waiting for a connection on a randomly chosen specific port
among the available ports. The response to this command is the address
IP of the device and the port.

TYPE This command allows you to specify the type of format in which they will be sent.
the data.

STRU Telnet character that specifies the file structure (F ofFile

[File], R for Record, P for Page.

FTP service commands

Description
o

RETR This command (RETRIEVE [RECUPERAR]) asks the DTP server for a
copy of the file whose path is given in the parameters.

STORE This command (store) asks the DTP server to accept

the data sent through the data channel and store it in a file
that bears the name given in the parameters. If the file does not exist,
The server creates it; otherwise, it overwrites it.
STOU This command is identical to the previous one, it only asks the server to create a
file whose name is unique. The file name is sent in the
response.

There are many more FTP service commands, transfer parameters, and control commands.
access

The FTP Responses

FTP responses ensure synchronization between the client and the FTP server. Therefore,

For each command sent by the client, the server will eventually carry out an action and

It will systematically send a response.

The answers are composed of a 3-digit code that indicates the way in which the

The command sent by the client has been processed. However, because of the code of 3

digits are hard for people to read, accompanied by text (string of characters

Telnet separated from the numeric code by a space.

The response codes are made up of 3 numbers, whose meanings are the following:

The first number indicates the status of the response (successful or failed)

The second number indicates what the response refers to.

The third number provides a more specific meaning (related to each second

digit).

First number

Digit Description
o

1yz Positive response The requested action is in progress. It must be obtained.

preliminary a second answer before sending a second one
command.

2yz Response from The requested action has been completed and can be sent.
positive completion a new command.

3yz Response The requested action is temporarily suspended.

Positive intermediary is waiting for additional information from the client.

4yz Response of The requested action has not been carried out because the
completion command has not been accepted temporarily. You are
negative ask the customer to try again later.

5yz Response The requested action has not been completed because the
negative command has not been accepted. The client is requested
permanent that he/she submit a different request.

Second number

Digit Meaning Description

o

x0z Syntax The action has a syntax error or else, it is a

command that the server does not understand.

x1z Information This is a response that sends information (for

example, a response to a STAT command).

x2z Connections The answer refers to the data channel.

x3z Authentication and The response refers to the login.

accounts (USER/PASSWORD) or to the request to change
the account (CPT).

x4z Not used by him

FTP protocol.

x5z System of The response relates to the file system

files remote.
 Conclusion

At the conclusion of this research, we can conclude that the FTP protocol is ideal.

to transfer data over the network. But there must be a server A and an FTP client B. This

The protocol works by default on ports 20 and 21.

Port 20 is used for data flow between client A and server B, and port 21

for control flow, that is, to send the orders from client A to server B.

FTP provides us with good speed in connections, but does not offer great security.

Since it does not have any type of encryption, for this reason it has great vulnerability in its

data.

In conclusion, we can define the FTP protocol as a great tool for uploading and

downloading files from the web, many people use these protocols but they do not know about the

function that fulfills this protocol.

 Webography

[Link] from FTP server.

Juszkiewicz, L. (n.d.).Unable to access external links or provide content from them..

Ortiz, A. (n.d.). JOOMLA! Retrieved fromThe provided text is a URL and does not contain translatable content.
e-informatics/ftp

The provided text is a URL and does not contain translatable content.

Bibliography

Eating, D. E. (n.d.). Global Information Networks with Internet and TCP/IP. Prentice
HALL.