REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
EBENEMAR

PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE WORK

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Luanda, 2022.

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 EBENEMAR

PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE WORK

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Grade: 7th.
Shift: Afternoon.
Class: A.

Members:
Aries;
Domingas;
Fortunato
Isaura
Joelma;
Joice Teixeira
Jones Neto
Jossane
Olívio.

Teacher
______________________________
Francisco Filipe Cariato.

Luanda, 2022.

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 INDEX
I. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
DEVELOPMENT
Notion Descriptive Type....................................................................................................4
1.1. Text descriptive............................................................................................................9
2. Characteristics Linguistics of Description
3. Texts Descriptives..............................................................................................................11
3.1 Texts non-literary descriptions
2.2 Descriptive literary texts
4. Characteristics Descriptive Text...................................................................................13
4.1 Text objective and subjective description
4.2 Structure......................................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES..........................................................................................17

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 1.1. INTRODUCTION

Let's approach the descriptive text from the perspective of its production and functioning.
discursive, based on the idea that a text is defined by its situational purpose - all the
A language act has an intentionality and submits to particular conditions of production.
what requires from the speaker of the language certain strategies for text construction.
In each text, different resources (narrative, descriptive, can therefore be combined.
dissertative), depending on the type of interaction that is established between the interlocutors. In that
theoretical context, the descriptive text is identified by having description as a strategy
predominant.

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 DEVELOPMENT

2.1. Notion of Descriptive Type

The descriptive type will be characterized by providing the location of the object of description (not

necessarily), characteristics (colors, shapes, dimensions, textures, ways of being, etc.) and/or
components or parts of the "object" described.

The descriptive type is associated with some species that are characterized by
aspects of content, sometimes in conjunction with formal aspects:

a) according to the tradition of typological (classificatory) studies of texts, in the description

The producer of the text objectively relies exclusively on the object seen as something external or not.
to the speaker, that is, the content is the location, the characteristics and components or parts of
object of description without interference from the emotional, affective, psychological state of the speaker,
while in the subjective description there is the type of information characteristic of the descriptive type

(location, characteristics, parts or elements) fused to an expression of feelings,

affectivity and psychological states of the one who says;

b) the static description has as its content to say what objects and beings are like, while the dynamic

characterizes movements, events (a dance, a storm, a party), describing how they are.
Saying how something is constitutes the objective of description, as we will see later;

c) Travaglia (1991, p.225, 234-237) proposed the distinction of two types of description: the
commentator and the narrator. The narrator always refers to a unique specimen of the element
described (event, being, thing, object, etc.) and the commentator always refers to a class
of the described element. For example, a narrative description would say how the wedding party was.
of my daughter, while a commentator description would say what wedding parties are like in
general anywhere or anytime or at least in a given society.

In fact, the use of connectors and types of relationships between clauses has proven to be
related to the type of text:

a) conjunction connectors predominate in the descriptions, adding the characteristics

that form the resulting 'framework' of the description and also appear as those of conjunction.

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allowing the opposition of characteristics for the same purpose (She is beautiful, but a little
undignified)

According to Othon M. Garcia (1973), "Description is the verbal representation of an object.

sensitive (being, thing, landscape), through the indication of its most characteristic aspects, of the
details that individualize it, that distinguish it.

Describing is not enumerating the greatest number of details possible, but marking the traits.
more singular, more prominent; it is to highlight from the whole a dominant impression and
singular. Depending on the author's intention, the degree of accuracy and detail in the description varies.

Unlike narration, which moves a story forward, description creates interruptions.

in the story, to better present a character, a place, an object, in short, what the author
consider it necessary to give more consistency to the text. It may also serve the purpose of setting the scene.

the story, first showing the setting, as happens in the text below:

"Next to my building, they built a huge apartment building. Where before

there were five romantic semi-detached cottages, today more than 20 floors have been installed. From my living room

I see the balconies (Mediterranean style) of the new monster. They should be about 30 meters apart, no more. And

It was on one of those balconies that the fact occurred." (Mário Prata. 100 Chronicles. São Paulo, Cartaz

Editorial, 1997).

Inserting itself into a more general approach to the mechanisms of textual elaboration,
based on the concepts of cohesion and coherence, the pedagogical work of reading and production of
The descriptive base text should start from the following points:

a) The descriptive text aims to offer the reader/listener the

opportunity to visualize the scenario where an action takes place and the characters involved in it
they participate;

b) The description is present in our daily lives, both in fiction (in novels, in
novels, in short stories, in poems) as in other types of texts (in technical-scientific works,
in encyclopedias, in advertisements, in newspaper and magazine articles;

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 c) The description may have a subsidiary purpose in the construction of other types of text,
functioning as a background, which explains and situates the action (in the narration) or that
comment and justify the argumentation;

d) There are linguistic characteristics of the descriptive base text that

differ from other types of texts;

e) Adverbs of place are essential elements for the cohesion and coherence of the text.
descriptive basis, allowing the spatial location of the described scenarios and characters;

f) The descriptive text focuses on objects and beings considered in their simultaneity, and
the most common verb tenses are the present indicative in the comment and the preterite
imperfect of the indicative in the narrative.

The description has usually been considered as an expansion of the narrative.

from this point of view, a description often results from the combination of one or several
characters with a setting, a medium, a landscape, a collection of objects. This setting
triggers the emergence of a series of subthemes, of constitutive units that are in
metonymic relationship of inclusion: the description of a garden (main introductory theme) can
to unleash the enumeration of the various flowers, flowerbeds, trees, utensils, etc., that constitute
this garden. Each subtheme can equally lead to a greater detail (the different types of
flower, its colors, its beauty, its fragrance...

In recent work, Hamon (1981) shows that the descriptive has its own characteristics and
not only the function of aiding the narrative, even pointing out linguistic aspects of the
frequency of images, analogies, adjectives, adjectival forms of the verb, terms
technicians...

In addition, the author emphasizes the utilitarian function performed by the description in relation to

any type of text of which it is part: "describe to complete, describe to teach,"

describe to mean, describe to archive, describe to classify, describe to
to account for, to describe to explain.

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 In the discursive text, for example, the description functions as a way to comment.
you detail the arguments against or in favor of a certain thesis defended by the author. Thus,
to analyze the problem of school dropout, we can use as an argumentative strategy the
detailed description of empty classrooms, empty hallways, unmotivated students, repetition.

In a description, whether literary or technical, the author's point of view interferes in the
the production of the text. The point of view consists not only of the physical position of the observer, but

also in your attitude, in your affective predisposition towards the object being described. This
In form, there is the physical point of view and the mental point of view.

a) Physical point of view

It is the perspective that the observer has of the object; it can determine the order in

enumeration of significant details. While a photograph or a canvas presents the

object at once, the description presents it progressively, detail by detail, leading the
reader combines isolated prints to form a unified image. For this reason, the
details are not all presented in a single period, but little by little, so that the reader,
associating them, interconnecting them, can compose the image that constitutes the object of the description.

We observe and perceive with all our senses, not just with our eyes. That's why,
Information regarding noises, smells, tactile sensations is important in a text.
descriptive, depending on the communicative intent. Another important factor relates to the order
of presenting the details.

Text - Excerpt from informal conversation (interview)

Let's see. Well, the room is shaped like an 'L', although it's not big, right, it fits two.

perfectly separated environments. The first environment of the living room has a sofa covered in
leather, a green upholstery, the green cushions, flanked by two marble side tables, lamp.
Then in the other room, in the extension of the room, there is a large table with six chairs with a
lamp on top, a red lamp. The room is all painted white ...

In this part of the interview, the informant describes the room, naming the pieces that
comprise the two environments, reproduced in a well-organized sequence. The location of
furniture is provided through various place expressions, such as in front of, facing, at
left, at the top, that help to clearly imagine the spatial distribution. There is a

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the informant's concern in making our gaze traverse the room, providing the details through
the colors (green, sand, black, reds), of the size (huge television, armchairs,
small tables, painted room.

It is also interesting to note that this informant reveals her

personal impressions, such as when using the adjective horrible, to talk about the television and
little painted one, referring affectionately to your living and dining room.

b) mental or psychological point of view

The description can be presented in a way that conveys a personal impression, a

interpretation of the object. The observer's sympathy or antipathy may result in images
quite differentiated from the same object. From this point of view, two types of description can
to occur: the objective and the subjective. The objective description, also called realistic, is the
exact description, dimensional. The details do not fade away; on the contrary, they stand out clearly in
shape, color, weight, size, smell, etc.

This type of description can be found in literary texts with realistic intent.
example, in Euclid of Cunha, Eça de Queiroz, Flaubert, Zola), while in non- texts
literary (technical and scientific), the subjective description reflects the state of mind of
observer, your preferences. This causes you to see only what you want or think you see and not the
that is about to be seen. The result of this description is a vague, diluted, nebulous image, like
the impressionist paintings from the end of the last century. It is a description in which predominates the

connotation.

When describing a certain being, we always tend to emphasize some aspects,

agreement with the reaction that this being provokes in us. By emphasizing such aspects, we run the risk
to emphasize negative or positive qualities. Even using scientific language, which is
impartial, the task of describing objectively is quite difficult. Despite this difficulty,
we can achieve a satisfactory level of impartiality if we become aware of the
favorable or unfavorable feelings that things can provoke in us. The awareness
this will enable us to confront and balance the favorable or unfavorable judgments.

A good exercise consists of making two assessments about the thing we want.
describe: the first, containing characteristics aimed at emphasizing positive aspects; the
second, to emphasize negative aspects.

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 3.1. Descriptive text

Angola is located on the southern Atlantic coast of West Africa, between Namibia and
It also borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia to the east.
The country is divided between an arid coastal strip that extends from Namibia to Luanda,
a humid inland plateau, a dry savanna in the southern and southeastern interior, and tropical forest in the north
and in Cabinda. The Zambezi River and several tributaries of the Congo River have their sources in Angola.
The coastal strip is tempered by the cold Benguela current. There is a rainy season.
short, which runs from February to April. Summers are hot and dry, winters are mild.
The highlands of the interior have a mild climate with a rainy season from November to
April, followed by a dry season, cooler, from May to October. The altitudes vary, in
general, between 1,000 and 2,000 meters. The northern regions and Cabinda have rainfall throughout
almost the whole year.

1.1.1 Genres of descriptive texts:

Diaries;

Travel stories;

Biographies;

Classified ads;

Lists;

Menus;

News;

Curricula.

Example of descriptive text

For sale: house with 3 bedrooms, living room, kitchen, and bathroom, with a small backyard and garage.

with space for two cars).

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 4.1. Linguistic Characteristics of Description

The narrative statement, due to its representation of an event, makes -

transformer is marked by temporality, in the relationship between initial situation and final situation,

while the descriptive statement, having no transformation, is timeless.

In the linguistic dimension, there are notable syntactic-semantic marks found in the text.
that will facilitate understanding: Predominance of state verbs, situation or indicators of
properties, attitudes, qualities, used mainly in the present and in the imperfect of
indicative (to be, to be, to have, to be situated, to exist, to stay).

a) Emphasize the adjectivation to better characterize what is described;

Example:

He was tall, thin, dressed all in black, with his neck stuck in a stiff collar.
The sharp face at the chin was widening into the bald, vast and polished head, slightly indented in the
high; dyed the hair that from one ear to the other made it stick behind the neck - and that black
shiny gave, by contrast, more shine to the bald; but did not dye the mustache; he had it gray, thick,
fallen at the corners of the mouth. He was very pale; he never took off his dark glasses. He had a dimple.

no chin, and the large ears very far from the skull. (Eça de Queiroz - The Cousin
Basil

a) Use of figures (metaphors, metonymies, comparisons, synesthesias).

Examples:

Mr. Lemos was a short old man, not very fat, but squat and pot-bellied.
like a Chinese vase. Despite its chubby body, it had a certain lively liveliness and
bouncy that gave him the petulance of a boy and matched perfectly with the sparkling little eyes.
(José de Alencar - Lady)

b) Use of adverbs of spatial location.

Example:

Until I was eleven years old, I lived in a house, an old house, and this house was like this: in front,
an iron gate; then you would enter and there was a little garden; at the end, there was a small staircase that

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there should have been about five steps; then you would enter the front room; from there there was a long hallway

from which three doors came out; at the end of the corridor was the kitchen, then there was a small staircase that

It was in the backyard and there was still a shed behind, which was the place of the mess...
recorded for the NURC/RJ Project

It is evident that this "walk" through the scenery is done as if we had in our hands a
the cinematographic camera, recording the details and composing with them a whole, must obey
a coherent script, avoiding disconnected back and forths, which certainly disrupt the organization
spatially and harm the coherence of the descriptive text.

5.1. Descriptive Texts

Depending on the goal to be achieved, the description can be non-literary or literary. In the
non-literary description, there is a greater concern for the accuracy of details and precision
vocabulary. For being objective, there is a predominance of denotation.

5.1 Non-literary descriptive texts

The technical description is a type of objective description: it recreates the object using a
scientific language, precise. This type of text is used to describe devices, their
functioning, the parts that compose them, to describe experiences, processes, etc.

Example:

a) Car brochure:

Internal comfort - It's impossible to talk about comfort without including the internal space. Your
interiors are spacious, comfortably accommodating passengers and luggage. The Passat and the Passat
Variants have power steering and high-capacity air conditioning, providing
perfect climate control of the environment.

Trunk - The luggage compartment has a capacity of 465 liters, which can
to be increased to up to 1500 liters, with the back seat backrest lowered. Tank - The tank
The fuel tank is made of recyclable plastic and positioned between the rear wheels.
to prevent deformation in the event of a collision.

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 2.2 Literary Descriptive Texts

In literary description, the subjective aspect predominates, emphasizing the set of

connotative associations that can be explored from descriptions of people; scenarios,
landscapes, space; environments; situations and things. It's worth remembering that descriptive texts also

they can occur in both prose and verse.

2.2.1 Description of people

Character description can be done in the first or third person. In the first
In this case, it is clear that the character is part of the story; in the second, the description is made by

narrator, who may or may not be part of the story itself.

Text - Portrait of Mónica

Mónica is such an extraordinary person that she can simultaneously: be a good mother of
family, being very chic, being a leader of the "International League of Useless Women", helping the
husband in business, exercise every morning, be punctual, have many friends, give
many dinners, going to many dinners, not smoking, not aging, liking everyone, everyone
like her, collect spoons from the 17th century, play golf, go to bed late, get up early,
eating yogurt, doing yoga, liking abstract painting, being a member of all musical societies,
to always be fun, to be a beautiful example of virtues, to have a lot of success, and to be very serious.

I have known many people in life who are similar to Monica. But they are just her
cartoon. They always forget about yoga or abstract painting. Behind all this there is a
severe and relentless work and a rigorous and content discipline. It can be said that Mónica
works from dawn to dusk. In fact, to achieve all the success and all the glorious goods that
Mónica had to renounce three things: poetry, love, and holiness.

Text - Calisto Elói

Calisto Elói, at that time, was forty-four years old. He was not clumsy at
your person. Had little meat and build, as they say, noble. The sensitive and
the asymmetrical protrusion of the abdomen was due to the excessive consumption of pig meat and others

swelling foods. Feet and hands justified the race that generations have been thinning from
meats. His nose was somewhat damaged from the invasions of snuff and twisting of the handkerchief

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red cotton. The dilation of the nostrils and the scarlet of the cartilages were not like that
repulsive thing. (Camilo Castelo Branco, The Fall of an Angel)

The description of people can be made based on physical characteristics, with predominance
of objectivity, or of psychological characteristics, with predominance of subjectivity. Many
At times, the author deliberately caricatures the character, accentuating their traits.
physical or behavioral.

The characters can be presented directly, that is, at a certain moment.

from the story, and in this case the narrative is momentarily interrupted. They can, on the other hand,
to be presented indirectly, through data, such as behaviors, physical traits,
opinions that are indicated step by step throughout the narrative.

There are authors who present the definition as a type of descriptive text. For Othon
[Link] (1973), "the definition is a verbal formula through which the essence is expressed"
a thing (being, object, idea), while the description consists of the enumeration of characteristics
own to beings (animated and inanimate), things, scenarios, environments, and social customs;
"noises, odors, tastes, and tactile impressions." While the definition generalizes, the description
individualizes, this is because, when we define, we are dealing with classes, with species and, when
we describe, we are detailing individuals of a species. (Sunday, August 07, 200

6.1. Characteristics of Descriptive Text

Some particularities differentiate descriptive text from others. The use of

many nouns, adjectives, and adjectival phrases that help the reader to have an exact idea of the
What is being detailed are some examples.

Another characteristic is the use of stative verbs, such as to be, to stay, to remain, to seem,
stay, continue, among others. Furthermore, the language is always dynamic and clear, with the use of
also of figures of speech, comparisons, and enumerations. In this type of text, there are also
punctuated physical details, such as height, texture, weight, length, dimensions, climate, function,
as well as psychological and behavioral aspects such as personality, character, and mood.

When describing objects, for example, a physical description is made, but it can be
also sensory, related to touch and smell. In the case of the details of a place, besides the

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physical characteristics, the economic, political, or social environment can be detailed. Already in
In a descriptive text about people, it is possible to portray both physical details and the
psychological.

6.1 Objective and subjective descriptive text

The description can be objective and subjective. In the first case, it is made in a way
realistic, without judgment or opinion of the author. The language is direct, clear and denotative. In
subjective descriptive text, the author's opinion and impressions stand out in describing a
object, event, or person, which gives the text a personal touch. A
connotative and metaphorical language.

To facilitate understanding, see below an example of subjective descriptive text:

She will be sitting at the table reading the Diário de Notícias, in her morning black flannel bathrobe,
embroidered with soutache, with large mother-of-pearl buttons; the blonde hair slightly disheveled, with
a dry tone of the pillow's warmth, curled up, twisted on top of the small head, in profile
pretty; her skin had the tender and milky whiteness of blondes; with her elbow resting on the table
she caressed the ear, and, in the slow and gentle movement of her fingers, two small ruby rings
red scintillations continued.

6.2 Structure

The structure of a text consists of three parts:

Introduction: it is the first part of the text, when the author presents what will be described.

Development: at this moment, as the name itself suggests, the description develops,
with detailed specifics.

Conclusion: it is the last part and concludes the description of the object, person, place, or situation.

addressed.

Examples

Subjective Description

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 She will be sitting at the table reading the Diário de Notícias, in her morning cotton robe.
black, embroidered with soutache, with large mother-of-pearl buttons; the blonde hair a little
stained, with a dry tone from the heat of the pillow, he curled up, twisted at the top of the head
little one, with a beautiful skin; her skin had the tender and milky whiteness of blondes; with the elbow
leaning against the table, he caressed her ear, and in the slow and gentle movement of his fingers, two rings

of tiny rubies gave scarlet glimmers.

Objective Description

The victim, Solange dos Santos (22 years old), resident of the city of Marília, was slim and tall.
(1.75), short black hair; nose ¦no and slightly elongated face.

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 CONCLUSION

We conclude that a descriptive statement, therefore, is a statement of being. The description

it is not a literary object by principle, although it is always present in fiction texts, it
It can be found in dictionaries, in advertising, in scientific texts.

Descriptive text is one that details in a thorough manner the aspects of a

certain place, event, person, object or animal. The author's goal is precisely
to transmit impressions, qualities, sensations, characteristics and observations about that which
is being detailed.

Reports, biographies, shopping lists, historical or travel stories, advertisements

classified ads and resumes are some examples of descriptive texts, which have
characteristics very different from the other types of texts (narration, description, injunction and
argumentation).

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

Travaglia, C. The verbal aspect in Portuguese: the category and its expression. Uberlândia: Publisher of
Federal University of Uberlândia, 1981.

- A textual-discursive study of the verb in Portuguese. 1991. 330, 124 p. Thesis (Doctorate)
in Linguistics) - Institute of Language Studies, State University of Campinas,

Campinas, 1991.

Diana, D. Graduated in Languages from São Paulo State University (Unesp) in 2008 and
Graduated in Cultural Production from the Federal Fluminense University (UFF) in 2014.
Lover of letters, arts, and cultures, has been working with production and management of online content since 2012.

line.

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