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2. INTRODUCTION
The Asia-Pacific Economic Recovery Forum (PAEC) was established in 1989
in response to the growing interdependence between the economies of Asia and the
Pacific. In its beginnings, APEC represented a forum
3. JUSTIFICATION
4. OBJECTIVES
Mention the evolution and development of APEC.
To inform about the structure and functions present in the organism
international.
Determine the member countries of APEC.
Specify the principles that APEC has.
Make known the achievements of APEC as an international organization.

5. DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOPIC

5.1 What is the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Association?

APEC was created in March 1989 in Canberra (Australia) by initiative
from Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke, in response to the growing
economic interdependence in the Pacific Basin. It begins as a
informal group for consultation and ministerial dialogue, in which its proposals are raised

first objectives in terms of development and strengthening of the system

multilateral trade, the increase of interdependence and prosperity
of the economies belonging to the forum, along with the promotion of
sustainable economic growth. It was only until November 1993 that it occurred.
the First Leaders' Summit on Blake Island, Seattle (United States), in
where the long-term vision of the intergovernmental organization is to
build a community in the Asia-Pacific based on common interests
of stability, security, and prosperity. To this end, the Forum was established
Pacific Business Forum (PBF) in order to
promote liberalization and cooperation in the areas of trade, the
investment and the development of business networks in the region. During the
Bogor Meeting (Indonesia) in 1994, the goals of the process are defined.
liberalization and facilitation of trade and investments for the years
2010 developed economies and 2020 developing economies, that
allow the creation of a free trade area in East Asia,
Oceania and the American Pacific. At the Osaka Meeting (Japan) in 1995,
An Action Agenda is designed based on 9 general principles adopted.
by APEC members based on political dialogue along with
the technical and economic cooperation that promote the achievement of
the Bogor Objectives. Subsequently, at the Manila Meeting
(Philippines) in 1996, the first Action Plans are implemented.
Collectives and Individuals of the Economies of the intergovernmental forum, in
those who report progress regarding 15 established chapters in
the Osaka Action Agenda that ranges from tariff rates that
they can affect trade, passing through investments and services, up to
reach agreements that impact investment. In this sense, the
Manila Action Plan for APEC becomes a benchmark for the
achievement of the goals set in the Seattle, Bogor, and declarations
Osaka.
Starting from the Vancouver Meeting (Canada) in 1997, it begins to
generate a proposal for a voluntary early liberalization of
the economies of the Forum in 15 potential areas that have a positive effect
about trade, investment, and economic growth. Specifically,
at the Kuala Lumpur Meeting (Malaysia) in 1998, the first agreements are made
9 sectors that will be subject to Early Voluntary Liberalization that
possibly include economies that do not belong to APEC and form
part of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The areas of
the work of the Intergovernmental Forum continues to expand at the Meeting
from Auckland (New Zealand) in 1999, with the approval of a framework of
work for the integration of women, precedent of the Focused Network
on Gender. Following this line, the Meeting of Bandar Seri Begawan
(Brunei Darussalam) in 2000, created an electronic system of Plans
Individual Actions, including the Action Plan for the
New Economy, which has as one of its objectives to triple access
the Internet in the APEC region for the year 2005.
The Shanghai Meeting (China) in 2001 adopts a broad agreement in which
includes broadening the vision of the Forum, clarifying the Bogor Goals, and strengthening
the mechanisms of its implementation. To this end, it is put in
marches the E-APEC Strategy to strengthen market structures
and institutions; facilitate investment in infrastructure and technology to
online transactions; promote the construction of human capital; furthermore
of what the first official declaration against terrorism is produced in
Asia-Pacific. The Los Cabos Meeting (Mexico) in 2002 consolidates the
initiatives made in the Shanghai Agreement against the
terrorism through the Trade Security Initiative in the
APEC region, without neglecting trade-related policies,
digital economy and transparency standards. At the Bangkok Meeting
(Thailand) in 2003, it was agreed to revitalize the negotiations of the Round of
Doha within the framework of the WTO, through the promotion of efforts to
build Knowledge-based Economies, and it is maintained
expansion of APEC areas, now on health security issues.

The Santiago (Chile) Meeting in 2004 reaffirms its support for development of the
Agenda of the WTO regarding the Doha Round, and for this it adopts a
initiative for trade expansion and a framework on
data privacy, maintaining its fight against terrorism and the
corruption in the region. At the Busan Meeting (South Korea) in 2005,
a roadmap is presented for achieving the Bogor Goals that
take into account the privacy framework designed for APEC, in addition to
monitor the threats of SARS and Al Qaeda. In the Meeting of
Hanoi (Vietnam) in 2006 complements the Busan Roadmap with
specific actions to promote the achievement of the Bogor Objectives, one
calls on the WTO for the Doha Round to yield results
concretes, and measures are taken for the reform of the Working Groups and the
Secretariat of the Forum. The Sydney Meeting (Australia) in 2007 marks a
turning point in APEC with the statements issued about the
climate change, energy security and clean development, along with the
structural reforms and a new Facilitation Action Plan
Trade for the purpose of strengthening economic integration
regional.
 The Lima Meeting (Peru) in 2008 focuses on aspects such as the crisis
global finance, the search for progress in the Doha negotiations, the
reduction of the gap between developed and developing economies
from APEC, corporate social responsibility, the rejection of
protectionism, and the Action Plan for the Facilitation of the
APEC Investments. At the Singapore Meeting (Singapore) in 2009, there
they addressed aspects related to the promotion of growth
inclusive and balanced economic support for the multilateral system
trade, the strengthening of technical and economic cooperation, the
improvement of human security, the fight against corruption through
on the management of transparency and governance among the economies of the Forum.
Recently, at the Yokohama Meeting (Japan) in 2010, a
balance of individual and collective efforts to achieve the
Bogor Goals, along with the challenges of the 21st century related to
creation of an APEC community, the continuation of the moratorium for the
income of new economies.
5.2 Background of APEC
APEC arises initially from the motivation of various
countries like Japan, Australia, and New Zealand to increase the flows
monetary and commercial; which were necessary to increase
the exporting platform of Asia.
The GEO-economic policy of the United States, which sought
disseminate capitalism throughout East Asia, in response to the
governments of North Korea and the Soviet Union.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN that
was created on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok by five member countries,
namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand. Their
the goal is to create a stable, prosperous, and highly competitive region
in which there is a liberalized flow of goods, services, investments
and of capitals, equitable economic development, the reduction of the
poverty and socioeconomic disparities by the year 2020.

5.3 Países Miembros

 APEC currently consists of 21 members who participate in the process of
Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, People's Republic of China, Hong
Kong, China, Indonesia, Japón, República de Corea, Malasia, México,
Nueva Zelanda, Papúa Nueva Guinea, Perú, República de Filipinas,
Russian Federation, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, United States
America and Vietnam.
There are also three observers of the APEC process: the Secretariat of
ASEAN, the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) and the
Secretariat of the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF).
In 1997, the member countries approved the establishment of a moratorium.
during which new members cannot be incorporated into APEC
of 10 years, during which it is intended to lay the foundations of the debate. This
moratorium ends in the year 2007, when new estimates will be made
applications for entry to APEC. (APEC, 2002).

5.4 APEC Pillars (Bogor Goals)

Liberalization of trade and investment.
The liberalization of trade and investment is focused on the
opening of the markets and the significant reduction of the
obstacles that cause restrictions on trade and investment
Trade and investment facilitation.
Trade facilitation is focused on reducing the
business transaction costs. It also focuses on the
improvement in access to commercial information, maximizing
the benefits of information technology. Essentially, the
Trade facilitation helps entrepreneurs manage their
businesses more efficiently in the Asia Pacific.
Technical and Economic Cooperation (ECOTECH).
Technical and Economic Cooperation (acronym in English ECOTECH)
it includes cooperation activities to strengthen the
institutional and individual capacities in various sectors of the
21 members and allow all of them to benefit from the process of
liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment.
5.5 Principles of APEC
Currently, it has become the main regional instance for
promote open trade and economic cooperation.
The principles that govern APEC are:
The decisions made within it are by consensus.
The Members are not countries but 'economies'.
The principle of "open regionalism" is practiced.
Different levels of development and cultural diversity are recognized.
It is consistent with GATT and WTO.
The liberalization and facilitation of trade and investments are
prioritized in their actions.
Promotes and implements intense technical-economic cooperation.

The informal nature of APEC is one of the most notable aspects of

this forum. It is equipped with a dynamic and efficient organization that does not

requires rigid structures to operate. Fundamental instances are the

Leaders' Summit, the Ministerial Meetings, the High-Level Meetings
Officials, SOM (Senior Officials Meeting), and the Committee meetings
and Working Groups.
APEC, after the WTO, represents the main integration framework.
worldwide commercial. It represents almost half of the population of
world, more than 50% of the world's GDP and 48% of global trade.
It has permanently been the most dynamic economic region, and close to
70% of global economic growth has been generated in it in its
first ten years of consolidation.
5.6 Structure of APEC
5.7 Functions of APEC (how it operates)
5.8 APEC Instruments
5.9 Achievements of APEC
One of the ways to observe the political significance of APEC is
reviewing the positioning of its 21 economies in the system
international through its membership in recognized forums and blocs
political and economic power. First of all, it is worth noting that 3 out of 5
permanent members of the Security Council of the Organization of the
United Nations are located in the Pacific Basin (United States,
China and Russia), 3 are members of the G7 (United States, Canada, and Japan)
 And 9 are part of the G20 (United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, China,
South Korea, Indonesia, Australia, and Russia). Secondly, it is
It is important to recognize the weight of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Asian (Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN) along with its

main ASEAN 3 variant, as it brings together 10 of the APEC economies
(Brunei Darussalam, Filipinas, Indonesia, Malasia, Singapur, Tailandia,
Vietnam; China, South Korea, and Japan), which allows it to create a balance.
specific to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) composed of the United States,
Canada and Mexico and to the Andean Community of Nations (Peru and Chile as
Associated State). In the third aspect, it is essential to note that in terms of
Geopolitical and geoeconomic factors have made the Pacific Basin become the
axis of the international system in the 21st century, taking into account that it has

maintained U.S. hegemony in the region, while

produced unprecedented economic growth in most countries
from East Asia, leading to the basic principles of APEC
trade liberalization, economic cooperation, and sustainable growth are
keep in mind beyond the Bogar Objectives and that even
arrive at the Doha Round within the framework of the World Organization of
Trade (World Trade Organization - WTO).
6. CONCLUSIONS
7. RECOMMENDATIONS
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY
9. ANNEXES