Anatomy of Flower Structures Explained
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ScribdTranslationsAnatomy of Flower Structures Explained
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ScribdTranslationsThe flower_ Botany_1st Year Bach
T. Ortega
ANATOMY OF THE FLOWER
The classic flower consists of a floral peduncle, the receptacle, and the whorls (calyx, corolla, androecium and
The calyx consists of the set of sepals and the corolla includes the petals; the androecium
is made up of the stamens and the gynoecium by the carpel and pistil. The calyx and the corolla are
vegetative structures, accessory, which together are known as perianth. The androecium and the
The gynoecium constitutes the fertile organs.
Basic structure diagram of the flower:
Receptacle
Floral diagram
Graphical representation of the arrangement of floral parts and the ordering of the different
whorls, in a cross-section of the flower. Each whorl (calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium) is
represent by drawing its pieces in a concentric circle around the gynoecium, indicated
by a cut at the level of the ovary.
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1.- STERILE VERTICILS: PERIANTH
1.1.- The calyx is the part of the flower located at the base of the entire flower piece, at first glance it unites the
peduncle or pedicel with the petals, gynoecium, and androecium. This structure is responsible for protecting the...
the petals and keep them attached to the pedicel.
- dialysepal: separate sepals
Gamosépala: soldiers sideways all or in part
1.2.- The corolla is a structure formed by a set of evolutionarily modified leaves that
are called petals. The corolla has striking colors and the function of this structure is the
attraction of pollinator agents.
dialipetalous: separate petals
Gamopetala: soldiers laterally all or in part
The set of calyx + corolla represents the PERIANTH, which can be divided into two types:
- monoclamide when it has calyx corolla, never both.
- heteroclamideous those where calyx and
- dichlamydeous when it has both verticils, corolla can be differentiated.
they are not similar to each other. - homoclamides that one where the chalice and the
corolla present the same color and at first glance
the distinction (tepals) is difficult to see
Complete flowers can be classified by their symmetry:
-actinomorphic flowers are radially symmetrical;
bilaterally symmetrical cigomorphs and
Asymmetrical if there is no plane of symmetry.
actinomorphs
tubules are presented with a cylindrical tube
circular pots
funnel-shaped
bell-shaped bells
zigomorphs
labiadas when it is tubular with two unequal lips
personified when they present the throat closed by a fold
from the lower lip, called palate
ligulated when it is tuberous with a lateral laminar expansion in
tongue shape, as is the example of the peripheral flowers of the
margarita
Actinomorphs trimerolilaceae when they have three petals
crucifers or cruciform when they have four petals in a cross
rosaceous if they have five short-petaled flowers
- caryophyllaceous or cloves if the five petals are long-scaled.
zygomorphs
corolla butterfly-shaped (in the form of a butterfly), that
show five petals on a banner, two wings and two soldiers
shovel.
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T. Ortega
2.- FERTILE VORTICES
2.1.- ANDROECIUM (Stamens)
It represents the male structure of the flower and is made up of the set of stamens; each
stamen consists of a filament, the connective, and the anther. Each anther can contain one or two
The anthers are carriers of the pollen sacs (microsporangia) that contain the grains.
of pollen. Flowers can contain from one to numerous stamens, which varies depending on the
species.
The number of stamens in each flower is a highly variable character. The number of stamens can be
equal to or not equal to the number of petals.
Types of yarn according to the thickness of the filaments
2.2.-GYNCEO (Pistil)
The gynoecium (or pistil) is made up of one or several carpels and represents the female structure of
the flower; is made up of the ovary (in which the ovules develop), the style, and the stigma.
The ovary can internally have a single cavity (unilocular ovary) or several locules.
(ovary of, tri, tetra... multilocular).
When the carpels are separated, they form an apocarpous gynoecium; on the contrary, when
the carpels are fused it is a syncarpous gynoecium.
Types of ovaries according to their insertion in the
receptacle
Súpero Medio Ínfero
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Placentation
It is the way the eggs are organized inside the ovary. There are four types of
placentation
a) Axial placentation: in partitioned ovaries. The ovules are located in the central axis of the
ovary
b) Basal placentation The ova are inserted at the base of the ovary. The ovaries are
unilocular and without a central axis.
c) Central placentation free in unilocular ovaries with a central axis; the ovules are inserted.
in the central axis.
d) Parietal placentation, the ovules are attached to the wall of the ovary.