General Directorate of Technological Education

Industrial and Services

Academic Management and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Educational Innovation
Department of Plans, Programs and Academic Advancement

Essential Learning Notebook, Strategies of

Learning and Products

*****Social Work*****
 Undersecretariat of Upper Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Services Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

PRESENTATION

The booklet you have in your hands was created by teachers from the National Academy of the Professional Component in Social Work, with the idea
to support you during these pandemic times, you can use it during the February–July 2021 semester in Module V Start projects for various areas
of Social Work, here you will find the two Submodules:

Submodule 1 Identifies the professional profile of the various intervention areas.

Submodule 2 Structure a social project with entrepreneurial vision

It is important for you to know that it contains only a part of the activities that social work students at the technical level must carry out to address and
develop the necessary skills so that you can conduct Social Research applying the scientific method and identify the fundamentals
methodological Social Work. However, this is the basic one, as it covers central topics and essential learnings, which will guide you step by step.
for each topic and each exercise.

We suggest you read it carefully and note down any questions you have, so that when you have contact with your teacher, you can raise them.

In the booklet you will find:

1. Documents that you must read completely, as they will provide you with the basic elements of the theory, as well as allow you to carry out the activities.
2. Essential learning frames, where the learning strategy you must carry out is described, that is, the activities, all of which have a product.
evaluate.
3. The product to be evaluated is the deliverables, that is, when you have contact with your teacher, you should give them those elements to obtain your
rating.
4. Support readings for better understanding of each of the essential learnings; as well as annexes where you will carry out the suggested activities.

We know the conditions that we are all going through due to COVID-19, that's why we say to you 'YOU ARE NOT ALONE, YOU ARE NOT ALONE' we are with you.
At all times. If possible, contact your school, with your teacher.

The School of Social Work wishes well-being for you and your family.

We send hugs from afar.

 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirection of Academic Innovation

Essential competencies

Career: Social Work Semester: 6

Module V: Start projects for the various areas of Social Work (192 hours)
Module/Submodule:
Submodule 1: Identifies the professional profile of the various areas of intervention.

Essential competencies 1st partial

Learning Strategies Products to Evaluate
In this first unit, a space for reflection and analysis is proposed on: The
professional profile of the various areas of intervention.

Conceptualization of social work

Activity 1.- The student understands, analyzes and through reading
Identify the conceptualization of social work, the object of study, and subjects. College
of intervention, with the information presented, create a collage identifying
the issues and needs that exist within their community and the
main actors. Annex 1
Activity 2.-The student analyzes the reading The professional pillars of
social work, understanding that these are fundamental means to provide Synoptic Chart
IDENTIFY THE PROFESSIONAL PROFILE response to the problems and needs of their community. Through a
IN VARIOUS AREAS OF synoptic chart, organizes the information in a diagram, ordering the
SOCIAL INTERVENTION. main elements allowing you to structure ideas. Annex 2
Activity 3.-The student answers the following questions according to their
conception
What is identity? What do you understand by professional profile? Scheme
Through a comprehensive reading on the identity of social work and profile
professional, the student will have a broader perspective on the
intervention at the individual, family, and group level, as well as the importance
to possess skills to establish interpersonal relationships, ability to
solve problems, but above all show an attitude of responsibility
commitment and ethics. At the end, a questionnaire of 10 questions will be conducted with
their respective answers, so you must create a word search with
the questionnaire answers. Annex 3
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Functions of Social Work

.
Activity 4.-The student analyzes the reading: The functions of Social Work
its direct and indirect intervention, identifying the different functions of
social work and its most important characteristics, then prepare a Conceptual Map
concept map where I locate the relationship of functions and their intervention.
Annex 4
The ethics in the professional work of the social worker

Activity 5.-The student answers the following questions for their

personal reflection:
1. What do values mean to you?
2. Which values do you identify with?
3. What do you understand by Professional Ethics?

The student reflects on the reading about: The ethical principles of the worker
social elaborating a personal essay where he/she exposes the importance of ethics
of professional tasks. Essay
Annex 5

Essential learnings or
Essential competencies 2nd. Learning Strategies Products to Evaluate
partial
Timeline
Activity 6: Read carefully the Background of the Traditional Areas that
they are found in the booklet, generate a timeline of the following:
Psychiatric, Community, and School, considering the most historical passages
IDENTIFY THE PROFESSIONAL PROFILE important in each of them. You can rely on Annex 6.
IN VARIOUS AREAS OF
SOCIAL INTERVENTION. Activity 7: Identify the Historical Background of Traditional Areas:
Triple entry table
Medical, Legal, and Industrial. Generate a three-entry table where
you contemplate the most important events in each area, as well as the
dates when they occurred. You can refer to Annex 7.
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Services Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Activity 8: Carefully read the professional profile of the different areas of Colored highlighting
intervention that appears in the booklet. Underline knowledge in green.
with blue functions, with yellow activities, with red attitudes.

Activity 9: Conduct an interview with the Social Work professional

your locality with the aim of recovering the professional profile (knowledge, Interview
functions, activities, attitudes, skills, abilities that are performed in their
intervention area, in the face of COVID-19. If possible, you can do it in a
video call, or by local phone.

Activity 9: Write the area of intervention to which the person belongs.

social work professional you interviewed, then list the functions Field diary
and activities that you carry out in your locality. Write them in your diary
of the field.

Generate a mind map with the information from the Areas

Emerging, consider the aspects addressed in the text that is found. Mind Map
in the booklet. You can refer to Annex 8.

Activity 11: Analyze and write in the essay the following key questions.
What needs exist in your social environment? Essay
2. What are the potential areas that can mitigate these
needs?
Consider the aspects covered in the first partial and incorporate them.
these two elements. Annex 5

Essential learnings or
Learning Strategies Products to Evaluate
Essential competencies 3rd partial

Activity 12: Identify the ideas you have about:

Project
DESIGN A PROJECT OF Entrepreneur
Social Entrepreneurship Social Project. Field diary
Write them in your field journal.
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Academic Innovation Subdirection

Activity 13: Visualize the conceptual elements in the reading

Entrepreneurship in Social Work? Highlight the different ones in blue.
concepts and with green the characteristics of entrepreneurial people. With Field diary
highlight the words that are new to you, look them up in the dictionary and
write in your field diary its meaning.

Activity 14: Research the entrepreneurship projects in your community

social that exist, if possible consult the following videos: Essay
Entrepreneurship social with pears y apples
Unable to access external content such as YouTube links for translation.
2. Social Entrepreneurship PIXZAUnable to access or translate content from external links such as YouTube.
3. 4 Mexican entrepreneurs who are generating social impact
The provided text is a URL and cannot be translated.

Continue your essay (annex 5) considering the following questions

axis
What is the importance of social entrepreneurship projects in
Social Work?
Do you like the idea of entrepreneurship? Why?
Do you think that social entrepreneurship is becoming a potential area?
Social Work in times of COVID-19? Why?

Activity 15: Relate the knowledge from Submodule 2 with the creation of Mind map
social projects, specifically with the justification of a need of you
community.

Create a mind map (annex 8) where you outline an entrepreneurship project

social addressing one of the needs of your community.
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

FIRST UNIT

Conceptualization of Social Work:

Social Work is a PHILOSOPHY OF ACTION and a SCIENTIFIC ART whose purposes are to promote, articulate, and carry out processes of:
1) Research, diagnosis, planning, management, development, evaluation, systematization, and communication of plans, programs, and projects, models or
social initiatives. (Social Work Lifecycle)
2) Management of social services.
3) Relationship with Social Subjects.
4) Incidence in the field of Public Policies.
Social Management.

The previous aspects are part of the professional pillars of Social Work that synthesize SOCIAL ACTION, that is, the work that is done in
the social reality to positively transform the form and substance of problems, needs, social demands, and interests.
Social Work: Object, subjects, spaces, and methodologies.
To conceptually approach Social Work, it is necessary to determine the following elements, which summarize its central guidelines: 1) The object
of Social Work study, which is synthesized in the set of Problems, Needs, Interests, and Social Demands that are constructed in a disciplinary field
specific, in a determined space and time and that are related to the essentials of Social Work. 2) The subjects of the praxis, which translate into those
actors, people, subjects, sectors, groups or specific human collectives, that are articulated based on needs-problems-demands-social interests.
The spaces for praxis, which are the institutions, organizations or public, social, private, and micro-social spaces from which initiatives are generated.
for action, social practice or social well-being. 4) The Methodologies for praxis, a set of guidelines, routes, processes, approaches, methods, techniques,
resources, inputs and instruments that are used to influence reality from institutional or social spaces, and are means to give capacity to
response to current and future challenges and difficulties, experienced and projected by collective subjects, seeking to positively change their living conditions. In
In this sense, we can affirm that in Social Work, the interrelation between the Object of Study, Subjects of Practice, and institutional or social spaces for Practice
and the methodologies for practice, is what objectifies and concretizes the disciplinary, professional, and educational field of Social Work and serves as a meeting point for
to delineate the vision, mission, and its own scientific practice. The needs, problems, interests, and social demands give content to Social Work, and
they constitute their Object of Study; but individuals, collectives, sectors, or social groups constitute the Subjects of their Praxis, as they are protagonists in
permanent social construction; and social or institutional spaces are the platforms where social action initiatives are defined and executed, always of
the hand of the methodologies, which are indispensable for carrying out Social Work, with the idea of generating social welfare for all the actors involved in the
social processes.
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Management and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Professional Pillars of Social Work

The professional pillars of Social Work are those substantive guidelines or parameters on which the professional action of Social Work is based, and they
they also consider as means to respond to problems, needs, demands, and social interests, namely: 1) Professional pillar of the
research, diagnosis, planning, management, development, evaluation, systematization and communication of plans, programs and projects, models or initiatives
social. (Life Cycle of Social Work).
2) Professional pillar of the Management of Services and Social Benefits.
3) Professional pillar of the relationship with social subjects: promoting processes of education, participation, organization, empowerment, and social redefinition.
Historical Development of Social Work in Mexico.
4) Professional pillar of advocacy in the field of public policies.
5) Professional pillar of Social Management.
The previous pillars synthesize and encompass the substantive work of Social Work, playing a fundamental and central role in positively transforming the
the form and substance of problems, needs, demands, and social interests.
Professional Pillar of the Social Work Life Cycle. The SOCIAL WORK LIFE CYCLE is composed of different moments or stages that make up a
a flexible and adaptive scheme whose transition allows us to know-act-evaluate a portion, topic, problem, or phenomenon of social reality. The above is
sum of importance since this cycle should in no way be seen as a series of predetermined steps or as a mechanical, inflexible recipe, among those
etapas ubicamos: 1.- Construcción de la agenda social 2.- Inserción, vinculación y coordinación social 3.- Investigación Social 4.- Elaboración de diagnósticos sociales
5.- Social Planning: formulation of social plans, programs and projects
programs and social projects
Social. It is important to indicate that each moment or stage is aimed at promoting processes linked to Social Work, and therefore its development will be given
predominantly by the situation, the time, the place, and the context where the same social processes take place, and it is necessary to refer to within the cycle
In the field of Social Work, there is no single theoretical-methodological proposal that can be generalizable and that can therefore respond to all the
situations, problems or needs of all places and at all times. From this perspective, Social Work, in addition to understanding social practice
As a socio-educational modality, it seeks to adapt to each of the stages of the life cycle in order to discover its own methodological frameworks Historical Development
of Social Work in Mexico 15 of social action, always taking into account its environment, the conditions, events, situations, and structures in which
social problems and needs rest, and this life cycle is based on two levels:
1) The level of articulation with other social disciplines, where the life cycle can be developed from inter or multidisciplinary perspectives that allow
An approach to reality and social action with more visions, perspectives, methods, techniques, or instruments.
2) The level of specificity of Social Work itself, where social action processes are developed from a Social Work perspective, that is, a
transdisciplinary perspective from the intersection and crossing of disciplines. It is important to emphasize that the life cycle constitutes a foundational methodology that must
adapt to the social reality where the social work processes are intended to be developed, always understanding the phases as historical-social dimensions
which may sometimes be transformed, occur simultaneously, reverse their order, or even cease to take place, as the same social dynamics allow for that.
Vary its ordering or development. In this case, the implementation of this Social Work scheme requires locating the space and time.
determined, in addition to understanding the socio-political context where social actions will take place, to innovate or modify according to the characteristics,
requirements and needs of the social spaces where the aforementioned practice takes place.
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Professional Pillar of Social Rights and Social Services. Social rights are those precepts, principles, and legal norms that ensure enjoyment.
and access to services and social benefits for all the people who make up a specific society. Social rights are therefore granted and recognized.
for the state universally for all citizens, for the simple fact of being one and for being part of a society and for fulfilling all its
regulations, obligations, and responsibilities. Likewise, the notion of social rights is viewed as the strengthening of autonomous social subjects,
mobilized and organized, going beyond the limits of simple social assistance, charity, philanthropy, paternalism, or aid. Social rights
equivalent, from the perspective of the Human Rights approach, to the so-called second-generation human rights Historical Development of Social Work
In Mexico, the 16th generation is linked to the centrality of the social, to collective individuals, as well as to their relationships, services, and social benefits. The rights
Social aspects are also identified with access to the necessary means or instances to have a dignified quality of life, with ideas related to development.
capabilities, and for that reason they are guarantors of the recognition and exercise of the material and symbolic conditions indispensable for a dignified existence: right
to employment, decent salary and benefits, social security, education, health, food, a healthy environment, culture, recreation, sports, assistance
and social integration in cases of high vulnerability, but it also includes drinking water, sewage, drainage, paving, communications, and transportation.
among others. In the context of social rights, we find one of the relevant concepts for Social Work, that of SOCIAL SERVICES which are the
institutionalized spaces for social attention that aim to improve social welfare and promote the integration of people in community.
social services seen through a social rights approach and as institutional mechanisms that respond to problems, needs,
social demands always entail SOCIAL BENEFITS, and for that reason, they must have inclusive access modalities, and they must also be constantly
strengthened and must be integrated into an organized and coordinated system, with adequate physical spaces, equipment, and infrastructure, capabilities
institutional and professional teams that always ensure to improve social well-being and the social integration of society. For the above explained,
promotion and actions aimed at the recognition and exercise of social rights and access to social services, are part of a pillar that is
fundamental for the professional work of Social Work.
Professional Pillar of Relations with Social Subjects. This pillar implies that the professional action of Social Work is based on direct work with the
social subjects; individuals, groups, families, communities, and in the development of methodologies for education, participation, organization, empowerment and
social resignification. Historical Development of Social Work in Mexico.
Pillar of Influence in Social Policies. Social advocacy is one of the ways through which various organized actors in society can
to significantly influence public policies, participating in decision-making, in definitions, in formulations, and not just in development or
operation of social actions. That is why incidence is a strategy of influence, carried out from below and from within the social sphere, for the formulation or
crafting social policies that have a clear vision or perspective of the subjects to which they are directed and that effectively represent their demands and
interests. The incidence as a mechanism of social participation and as a device for social organization develops from different levels and scopes; either
since the moments of prioritizing social themes for the public agenda, or in the very making of policies, as well as in management,
development, evaluation of the same, even reaching levels of administration, oversight, or control. Social impact as a professional pillar is, therefore,
An exercise of rights that expands and redefines the professional scope of Social Work, by seeking that the fundamental decisions made in the
the framework of social policies should be strategically shared between the public sphere, along with specialized actors in the subjects of
reference and fundamentally with the organized social subjects that are found in the Historical Development of Social Work in Mexico 20 the micro spaces
of our societies, which know well their realities and also the proposals to improve them.
Professional Pillar of Social Management: Operation and direction of social institutions. For Social Work, Social Management is an area of development.
present and future that is related to the strategies of senior management of social institutions, that is, it focuses on the proper functioning of the
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

institutions or social organizations and is a field of specialization and as a methodology, it also broadens the scope of professional action since
Traditionally, this profession is related to the development or operation of plans, programs, or projects that social institutions develop, but leaving aside
along the direction and functioning of the same institutions. It is a mechanism for managing policies and programs in social areas, by guiding and
to direct towards social institutions, not only considering criteria of efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability, but also introducing criteria of equity and rights.
social, impact and social commitment of the institutions, with the beneficiaries for whom they were designed. Therefore, it does not signify a device for
to lead social institutions in an individual, hierarchical, vertical, or authoritarian manner, but rather in a horizontal, circular, strategic, collective, fluid, heterogeneous manner.
that can face very particular and complex situations related to the functioning and proper direction of a social institution, from the framework
of dialogicity, responsibility, and social commitment. Therefore, social management intersects the fields of social development, public policies, and planning.
social, management of organizations, public relations and social intervention, as a means to direct and improve institutional functioning with a focus
of social rights.

Source: Martínez E., (2013) Network of Research and Advanced Studies in Social Work A.C. in Mexico
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Identity of social work and professional profile

Identity refers to what we are, what we do, where we are headed, fundamentally, the awareness we have of all that surrounds us.
allows for coherence between the duty to be and the being of the social worker.
The professional profile serves as an essential element that allows for the identification of the knowledge required by professionals for their intervention in the
various areas.
What is a professional profile?
It is the set of systematized data that characterizes a professional subject and places it in a specific context or area of action.
The professional profile identifies the set of knowledge, skills, and abilities. Attitudes and aptitudes that a working professional must possess.
social.
It is worth highlighting that the usefulness of the professional profile is:
1.- That educational institutions design the curriculum according to the real demands of the job market.
2.- Define the theoretical-methodological knowledge that the professional needs for their intervention.
3.- Adjust the profile according to the actual needs of the country.
For the design of a profile according to the criteria of Lic. Lourdes Apodaca Rangel, it is necessary to consider:
a) The level of the 'Should be', which leads us to determine an ideal profile.
b) The level of 'Being', which allows for the structuring of the real profile characterized by the type of intervention currently and the professional demand.
The comparison between both profiles will allow for obtaining a resultant profile where they place the knowledge, capabilities, skills, attitudes that
requires the professional for optimal development in their professional practice.

Generic social work objectives

To contribute to the awareness and organization of individuals, groups, and communities, so that they participate in social, individual, and collective development.
Specific:
Achieve with the subjects the analysis of their reality and the context that determines it.
Promote the organized and conscious incorporation of the population in actions for upward change.
Contribute to the planning, promotion, and execution of actions for social development.
Participate multidisciplinary in the administrative process of social welfare programs.
Source: Apodaca R., (1985) The educational and professional profile of social work. T.S Journal No.23
 Undersecretariat of Upper Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Services Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Office of Academic Innovation

Reading No.3

Functions of social work

In Latin America, over an average of 90 years, Social Work has achieved development as a discipline of social sciences; it has not only built
and has reconstructed its object of study, perfecting it day by day; but it has also proposed its own intervention methodologies, approaches to its
object and abstraction as a subject to reflect on its praxis and the approach to the object of study. In this epistemological dynamic, the discipline of Work
Social has earned a place in the historical development of the Social Sciences, not only for its professional action in various areas and fields of intervention;
but also for its ability to understand and act on social problems and needs, which has given it professional identity. During the period
From 1930 to 1956, a large number of countries in Latin America found themselves in need of an educational institution to train social workers.
specialized in the study for addressing social problems and needs; it is in this framework of Social Sciences that in the institutions of
Upper secondary education gives rise to Social Work as a technical discipline with an eminently practical character. In this process of development of the
discipline is shaping the first Fields and Areas of professional intervention; the first being Health, Legal and Assistance to Children and Family;
subsequently, Education, Staff Welfare, Housing, Mental Health, the Rural Sector are incorporated; and as Latin America progresses,
perfecting Public Policy; Social Policy emerges as a fundamental area of intervention, especially in the stage of the State, becoming
just like the so-called 'third sector' as a potential intervention niche for social workers; being created in public and private institutions,
as well as in civil society organizations, temporary positions for social workers, where they apply their disciplinary training functions:
Social Research, social workers use research methods and techniques for the analysis and understanding of social problems, through
the design of protocols that allow for exploring, describing, explaining, and diagnosing research problems; for the design of intervention models that
contribute to enhancing the well-being and quality of life of the population, at its various levels of intervention: case, group, and community.
Social Programming; plans, programs, and intervention projects are designed to address social problems and needs within the framework of the regulations.
and under a theoretical approach for the support of intervention processes; through coordination with public, private, and social institutions that
contribute to the implementation of social policy in Mexico.
Social Education; socio-educational intervention processes are designed according to the social problems of the population; through programmed actions for the
improvement of relationships between individuals, as well as impact on social situations through an educational action focused on counseling, guidance and
training.
Social Promotion, the social worker drives the promotion of the individual and the mobilization of human and institutional resources, through the participation of the
population and public, private, and social institutions in programs and projects for the improvement of the living standards of individuals, groups, and communities,
generating management processes, participation, as well as the organization of social subjects.
Source: Castro G., Reyna T., Méndez C., (2017) Methodology of intervention in social work. Mexico
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Services Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Hernández (1991) characterizes intervention as the set of actions and methodological principles that respond to certain problems and
unresolved needs in society, which people present and face, and which are undoubtedly the necessary conditions for change to occur, or in their
case, the stabilization of the achieved exchange.
Direct intervention refers to those that guide the assisted person in a face-to-face manner. The assisted person is therefore present and an actor, just like the social worker.
Direct intervention can be applied to the various dimensions of social work: individuals, families, and small groups.
Types of direct interventions:
Inform
To educate
Persuade
Support

The indirect intervention is the actions of the social worker in planning activities to be carried out for the benefit of the assisted person without their active participation.
of this.
Types of indirect interventions:
Surveys
Reports
Procedures
Programming and planning
Organization
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Ethical principles of social work

There are a series of values and ethical principles that guide us as social workers; this reality was captured in 2014 by the International Federation.
of Social Workers (FITS) in its Global Definition of Social Work, which promotes and recognizes regional and national expansions.
All the policies of the FITS, including the Global Definition of Social Work, are derived from these ethical principles.
Social work is a profession based on practice and an academic discipline that facilitates social change and development, social cohesion and
empowerment and the liberation of people. The principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility, and respect for diversities
are fundamental to social work. Backed by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities, and indigenous knowledge, social work
involves people and structures to address the challenges of life and improve [Link]://[Link]/get-involved/global-definition-of-social-work/

1. Recognition of the Inherent Dignity of the Human BeingSocial workers recognize and respect the inherent dignity and value of all beings.
humans in attitude, word, and action. We respect all people, but we challenge the beliefs and actions of those who devalue or
they stigmatize themselves or others well.
2. Promotion of Human RightsSocial workers promote and are governed by the fundamental and inalienable rights of all human beings.
Social work is based on the respect for the inherent value of the dignity of all people and individual and social and/or civil rights. Workers
Social workers usually work with people to find an appropriate balance between different human rights.
3. Promotion of Social Justice Social workers have the responsibility to engage individuals in achieving social justice, in relation to
society in general and in relation to the people they work with. This means:
3.1 Rejecting institutional discrimination and oppression Social workers promote social justice in relation to society in general and with the
people they work with in particular. Social workers challenge discrimination related to (but not limited to) age, abilities, status
civil, class, culture, ethnicity, sex, gender identity, language, nationality (or lack thereof), opinions, other physical characteristics, physical or mental abilities
political beliefs, poverty, race, religion, spiritual beliefs, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, or family structure.
3.2 Respecting Diversity Social workers work to strengthen inclusive communities that respect ethnic and cultural diversity.
societies, taking into account individual, family, group, and community differences.
3.3 Promote equitable access to resources
Social workers advocate and work for access to and equitable distribution of resources and wealth.
3.4 Challenge unfair policies and practices
Social workers strive to draw the attention of their organizations, politicians, and members of the public to situations where policies and the
resources are inadequate or where policies and practices are oppressive, unjust, or harmful. In doing so, social workers must not be
penalized. Social workers must be aware of situations that may threaten their own safety and protection, and therefore must
make sensible decisions in such circumstances. Social workers are not obliged to act in situations that could put them at risk.
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Services Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

3.5 Build solidarity

Social workers actively work at the community level with their peers, both inside and outside the profession, in order to build networks of
solidarity and working to achieve transformative changes and responsible and inclusive societies.
4. Promotion of the right to self-determination Social workers respect and promote the rights of individuals to make their own decisions.
as long as they do not threaten the rights and legitimate interests of others.
5. Promotion of the right to participationSocial workers work to enhance the self-esteem and innate abilities of individuals.
promoting their full participation in all aspects of the decisions and actions that affect their lives.
6. Respect for the confidentiality and privacy of individuals 6.1 Social workers respect and work in accordance with the rights of
confidentiality and privacy, unless there is a clear risk of harm to themselves, to others or other legal restrictions.
Social workers inform the people they interact with about these boundaries concerning confidentiality and privacy.
7. Treat people as a wholeSocial workers recognize the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions of people's lives.
and understand and treat all people as a complete whole. This recognition is used to formulate comprehensive assessments and interventions with the
full participation of the individuals, organizations, and communities with which social workers work.
8. Ethical use of technology and social networks 8.1 The ethical principles of this Declaration apply to all contexts of social work practice.
education and research, whether through direct face-to-face contact or through the use of digital technology and social networks.
8.2 Social workers must recognize that the use of digital technology and social networks can pose a threat to the practice of many.
ethical standards, including but not limited to privacy and confidentiality, conflicts of interest, competencies, and documentation, for which they must
to have the knowledge and skills necessary to protect oneself against unethical practices when using new technologies.
9. Professional integrity
It is the responsibility of national social work associations and organizations to develop and periodically update their own codes of ethics and/or
ethical guidelines, in order to be consistent with this Declaration, taking into account local situations. It is also the responsibility of organizations
Nationals inform social workers and schools of social work about this Declaration of Ethical Principles and their own ethical guidelines. The
Social workers should act in accordance with the current code and/or ethical guidelines in their country.
Social workers must have the required qualifications and develop and maintain both the skills and competencies necessary to do
your work.
9.3 Social workers support peace and non-violence. Social workers can work alongside military personnel for humanitarian purposes and
work for the consolidation of peace and reconstruction. Social workers operating within a military or peacekeeping context
They must always support the dignity and will of the people as their main focus. Social workers must not allow their knowledge and
skills be used for inhumane purposes, such as torture, military surveillance, terrorism, or conversion therapy, and should not use weapons in the name of
professional or personal towards other people.
Social workers must act with integrity. This includes not abusing their positions of power and the trust relationships with individuals.
those who relate; recognize the boundaries between personal and professional life and do not abuse their positions for personal benefit or material enrichment
Social workers recognize that giving and receiving small gifts is part of social work and customs in some cultures and countries.
Such situations must be referenced in the country's code of ethics.
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Services Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Social workers have the duty to take the necessary measures to care for themselves both professionally and personally in the workplace, in their
private life and in society.
Social workers acknowledge that they are responsible for their actions towards the people they work with, their professional colleagues, their
employing entities, their professional associations, and local, national, and international laws, as well as conventions. They also recognize that
these responsibilities can conflict, which must be negotiated to minimize potential collateral damage. Decisions should always be based on
in empirical tests; experience and knowledge in practice; and ethical, legal, and cultural considerations. Social workers must be prepared
to show and be transparent regarding the reasons for the decisions made.
Social workers and the organizations that employ them work to create spaces both in their work environments and in their countries, where they
discuss, evaluate, and defend the principles of this Declaration and those of their own national codes of ethics. Social workers and their entities
Employers promote and participate in the debate to facilitate ethically informed decision-making.

Retrieved from: [Link]

 Undersecretariat of Upper Secondary Education
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Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Second unit
Professional Competence No. 1 Identifies the professional profile in the various areas of social intervention.

The intervention areas of Social Work are grouped in various institutions and social organizations, which are classified depending on the policies.
social issues that develop the objectives they pursue, the professional field can be defined as the operational area that allows to determine the needs of
training and updating of social workers, as well as adapting human resources training to the requirements presented by development
national. In this professional area, the impact on the social aspect is determined, which is integrated into different areas of intervention, among which
we can mention:

. Traditional Areas
. Potential Areas
. Emerging Areas

Let's identify each one of them.

The traditional areas are made up of:

Psychiatric Social Work

Community Social Work
School Social Work
Medical Social Work
Legal Social Work
Industrial Social Work

Source: Barranco Sotelo, Judith and Vivanco González Kattya (2011) Support material for the training of technicians in Social Work. CETis No.5 City of
Mexico.
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History of Psychiatric Social Work in Mexico

Mexican Psychiatry during the years when the territory was administered by the Spanish crown through officials and institutions brought from the
peninsula, their purpose in action and emotion is to practice the Christian feelings of piety, selflessness, and love for others, virtues that are hardly
similar in previous cultural groups where the concept of illness was different, probably the best aspects of Christian thought is the
approach to the sick or helpless out of pure love, expecting no more reward than the satisfaction of a job well done and the promise of eternal good.

In the few published studies on psychiatric interest events that took place in Mexico during the colonial period, two axes are accepted.
assistance events such as: the foundation of San Hipólito by Bernardino Álvarez and the carpenter José Sayago, by turning their house into a shelter of
aligned.

Bernardino Álvarez begins in the medical field and subjects himself to exhausting days and nights doing humble tasks, enduring very harsh penances.
rigorous according to him to satisfy the frivolities of youth, continuously lamenting having offended God, he asked for forgiveness for his sins.

Some time later, he founded a network of hospitals, among which stand out:

Santa Cruz Hospital in Oaxtepec

San Roque Hospital in Puebla
San Roque Hospital in Jalapa Veracruz
San Martín Hospital in Acapulco Guerrero

In this way, Mexico is ahead of other Latin American countries that only begin to build their hospitals until after the middle of the 18th century.
psychiatric.

After 1821, with the consummation of Mexico's independence during the reform, with the religious orders being suppressed, the hospitals of San Hipólito and the Divine were...
Salvador will come to depend on the City of Mexico's Municipality and its assets will become the property of the State. Due to the municipality's hardship, these hospitals
they subsist with great difficulties until the year 1877, when the Public Charity Directorate was created to take care of them. After 344 years
of the existence of the San Hipólito asylum and 210 of the Castañeda asylum, on September 1, 1910, as the first act of celebration of the festivals of
centenary of our independence, the general asylum is inaugurated which, having been built in the old estate of La Castañeda, is always known as such.
Under the name 'Castañeda Hospital', the sick of both sexes were moved to this new construction in the form of isolated pavilions.
who were housed in those ancient buildings full of legend and tradition.

As the years go by, psychiatric concepts are modified and the prison system is discarded, the bars, the locks, and coercive control, to give way to the
open doors, to recreational occupational therapy for the rehabilitation of patients.
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The first farmhouse hospital for mentally ill patients is founded in León Guanajuato, the success achieved by this institution leads to the fact that during the period of
Sixty farm hospitals are being built in different parts of the Republic, under the auspices of the Secretariat of Health and Assistance and also of the
State governments. This is how this specialty is gaining prominence, so by the 1950s at the Castañeda general asylum, the team
Social Work attends the clinical case sessions held by the psychiatrists, with the purpose of understanding the basic concepts necessary for the
understanding of mental illnesses.

As we know, in its beginnings, the psychiatric social worker only participated by conducting small studies on the patient's living conditions.
Around 1960, casework social work began with the interdisciplinary team conducting psychosocial studies.

It is important to note that together with technical and methodological advances, infrastructure improvements were also added, so that in the year 1965 given
the architectural characteristics of the new therapeutic criteria established began the 'Castañeda Operation', which consisted of the installation of
modern hospitals for the care of acute mental patients.
Currently, the hospital system of the General Directorate of Mental Health is made up of nine units distributed throughout the country, such as:

1. Psychiatric Hospital 'Fray Bernardino Álvarez' for acute adult mental patients primarily for men and women.
2. "Juan N. Navarro" Children's Psychiatric Hospital, for girls and boys with mental health issues.
3. Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery that treats Neuropsychiatric, Neurological, and Neurosurgical cases, receives patients of all ages and
both sexes.

The Psychiatric Country Units or Farms for long-stay chronic patients are:

4. Campestre Hospital 'Samuel Ramírez Moreno' serves adult men.

5. Hospital Campestre 'José Sayago' provides care for adult women
6. The Granja 'La Salud' Hospital serves adult men
7. Hospital Campestre 'Dr. Adolfo M. Nieto' provides care for adult women.
8. Psychiatric Hospital 'Fernando Ocaranza' is a unit that treats chronic patients with long stays, of the shelter type, the service is for all.
ages.

In the late seventies in the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health at the Faculty of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the
social workers initiated the project study that would assist in the academic and clinical implementation that would meet the expectations created by
the institutional development, especially of those mental health institutions, in order to give a more formal character to Psychiatric Social Work, was implemented in the
In 1977, a year-long specialization course, sponsored by the Directorate of Mental Health of the Secretariat of Health and Assistance, the Center
Mexican Drug Dependence Studies (SEMEF) and the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health at the initiative of Mrs. Lisbeth Pooper, founder of
course of Psychiatric Social Work, this course had as its main objective to train professionals through a theoretical-practical training process
Social Work, responding in this way to the needs presented by society in the psychiatric aspect, in the prevention of mental illnesses.
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and in mental health prevention. The course has undergone several modifications in its curriculum since its inception, and is currently offered in the Department
of Mental Health from the Faculty of Medicine at UNAM in coordination with the Mexican Institute of Psychiatry aimed at social workers with a degree
issued.
On the other hand, there is the Mexican Association of Psychiatric Social Work founded in 1979 by some graduates of the first generation of the Social Work course.
Psychiatric Social, the purpose of the association is to unionize and update social workers interested in the area of mental health, organize events
directly contributing to their training, as well as maintaining close communication with national and international institutions in the field of
Psychiatry, to learn about the new advances.

Definition of Psychiatric Social Work

Over the years, psychiatric concepts change alongside the technical-methodological advances in psychiatry and the work professional.
Social intervention in this area is not exempt from this. As we know, in its early days it only participated by conducting small studies on the conditions of
patient's life, and it is until 1960 that with Case Social Work and the interdisciplinary team, psychosocial studies are conducted.
It is a specialty that seeks the rehabilitation of mentally ill individuals, influencing their family and social environment.
direct collaboration with the interdisciplinary team of the area.

Objectives of Psychiatric Social Work

Participate with the health team in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients.
Detect and attend to patients with mental illnesses.
Contribute together with the interdisciplinary team in the development and implementation of programs to promote mental health education.
Inform and guide the population for the improvement of family relationships
Provide comprehensive care to the patient through professional contribution, applying theoretical, methodological, and technical knowledge.
Carry out with the family a rehabilitation work and a preventive work to avoid treatment abandonment.
Influence community practices that promote mental hygiene, both individual and group.
Organize services and programs for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation
Reinforce the potential of individuals, groups, and communities.

Professional Profile of Psychiatric Social Work

FUNCTIONS ACTIVITIES
ASSISTANCE o Provide medical-social orientation to the psychiatric patient and their family.
o Provide timely and effective service to the patient and their family.
o Carry out coordination and channels.
o Develop socioeconomic studies.
RESEARCH o Identify economic, social, and cultural factors that influence the frequency of mental illnesses.
o Collaborate in mental health research with the interdisciplinary team at the institutional and community level.
o Develop projects with the purpose of obtaining early diagnosis of mental health illnesses.
o Participate in the planning and execution of epidemiological research.
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EDUCATION o Empowering the community for the prevention of mental illnesses.

o Promotion and dissemination of mental health programs
o Organize and coordinate family groups
o Develop and execute recreational and occupational therapy programs.
o Prepare the family for the patient's discharge.
o Educating the family about their roles within the family.
o Organize temporary groups of family members within the institutions for training in the acceptance and management of the patient.
TEACHING o Give lectures
o Program and teach the specialty course in various institutions.
o Advise and supervise internships
o Participate in bibliographic workshops
o Develop training and instruction programs for Social Work staff and students.
o Promote the participation and training of the psychiatric social worker.
o Organize events focused on the psychiatric aspect.
ORIENTATION o Educational family guidance:
- Apply techniques such as: interrogation, interpretation, silence, and motivation
- Coordinate the discussions and comments
o Operational functional orientation:
- Working with the family in managing the patient's illness
- Coordinate the sessions in order to obtain another way of family functioning.
- Make the family aware of the rotating tasks with the patient.

ADMINISTRATION o Plan and develop programs

o Establish coordination with health and social welfare institutions at different levels.
o Provide an expansion of coverage in services.
o Seek to optimize the efficiency of intrainstitutional resources.
o Promote improvements in comprehensive care, enhancing its quality and quantity.
o Supervise and advise specific programs.
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KNOWLEDGE CAPABILITIES SKILLS ATTITUDES

Psychopathology o Apply observation techniques and Intervene with the family of Maintain an emotionally stable state.
Social Psychology interview patient Constant training and updating.
Family Dynamics o Apply group techniques Intervene with the team To have a sense of self-criticism
Psychotherapy o Apply social education techniques multidisciplinary for management Properly apply the principles
General Knowledge o Guide the population on resources appropriate group techniques Social Work Ethics.
Legal Structure and existing in the community. Manage and apply surveys Maintain adherence to the policy
administrative of the Sector o Design and develop research Analyze and synthesize diagnoses institutional.
Health. o Develop social diagnoses. social. Be responsible for the information of the
o Plan programs and projects Organize, coordinate, and supervise. institution.
o Supervise and evaluate programs of Maintain control over the attributions.
mental health Show honesty, punctuality,
o Participate interdisciplinarily veracity and loyalty to the institution.
in prevention programs and Be supportive of colleagues from the
early diagnosis. institution.
o Use relationships properly Respect the viewpoints of others
humans professionals.
o Knowing how to listen and observe Share your experience and
o Handle individual techniques. knowledge with other professionals
Be aware of the value of the relationship
personal and professional.
Have a sense of responsibility.
Be truthful and discreet with what you do.
observe and describe.
To have knowledge and control of oneself
same.
Having initiative and creativity
Show willingness towards work
Self-improvement personally and professionally
Be organized and methodical
To have a spirit of service
Be fair and impartial.
Source: Quesada León, Herminia, others, Professional Profile of the Psychiatric Social Worker, CETis No. 5, Mexico City.
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
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COMMUNITY SOCIAL WORK

BACKGROUND IN MEXICO

With the original idea of providing a retrospective view of the History of Social Work in the Community, we have been compelled to make a cut.
arbitrary in its own historical perspective, such that it would be impossible for us to encompass the study of the different work experiences
communal in Mexico, since although from the pre-Hispanic era and the Zapotec culture it provides us with a rich experience through tequio and guelaguetza, or among
the Mexicas through the calpulli as basic forms of community organization, we have preferred to start from the efforts undertaken by
important religious figures surrounding community work during the conquest, in New Spain. In our publication on Social Work in Mexico, Development and
Perspectives (Valero 1994) we have established that since the time of the conquest, the friars who accompanied Hernán Cortés and he himself took care of
to spread the first religious ideas among the main chiefs as they passed through.
The Franciscans spread throughout the territory of New Spain and their influence was very significant due to their evangelizing and civilizing qualities.
Subsequently, missions of the Order of Saint Dominic led by Brother Tomás Ortiz arrived in Veracruz in 1526. Among these twelve Dominicans was the one who was going to
a famous defender of the Indians, Brother Bartolomé de las Casas. Both the Franciscans and the Dominicans were concerned about defending the Indians, with the
the difference is that the former did it through piety and in the name of God. And the latter by demanding compliance with the law and threatening to take the
accusations before the king. The Dominicans spread throughout Oaxaca and Chiapas, and from the work in these places, traces of what would be the Work can be observed.
Community.
It was not until the year 1530 that Vasco de Quiroga arrived with a different vision of what social assistance was compared to Spanish charity. In 1532
he founded in the capital of the colony an asylum for abandoned children that expanded into a hospice and ended up being a production and consumption cooperative. There
The children were baptized, dressed, and fed to reach an age where they could commit to common work. In 1535, without the colony's authorization, he founded
the hospital of Santa Fé, where indigenous people were attended to in a caring manner, as it not only included the healing of the sick but also additional assistance.
detailed to the poor, widows, elderly, orphans, the blind, etc. In 1540, I founded in Patzcuaro the College of San Nicolás Bishop, which was later transferred to Valladolid.
where reading, writing, religion, and various arts and crafts were taught. It can be said that at that moment the foundations of a committed work were established.
community.
In 1533, the Augustinians led by Fray Francisco de la Cruz arrived in Veracruz, and immediately they understood which states of Michoacán,
Guanajuato, Guerrero, Querétaro, the Huastecas; building churches, convents, schools, and large irrigation works. Augustinian and Franciscan friars.
they founded schools for Creole children, among other places in Xochimilco, Tacambaro, Puebla, Actopan, Ixmiquilpan, with the Tiripitio school being very famous, in
Michoacán.
Social assistance in the early years of the colony and in populous places was the responsibility of Spanish charity supported by individuals and congregations.
religious groups that originally sought only to heal poor sick people and shelter some orphans, blind individuals, and destitute elderly.

Don Vasco de Quiroga

With a clear and precise vision, he organized the Purépechas, providing them with knowledge of new ways of life, while also creating greater demands that they should meet.
to satisfy based on their own efforts. Handicrafts flourished in the state of Michoacán, while some towns provided the woods, others carved them.
and in others they were decorated wonderfully. In some towns pottery was established, in others the peasants were trained in leather tanning and the
manufacturing of lacquers using raw materials from the region. Today, the crafts created by Don Vasco de Quiroga in the towns still endure.
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
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Capula, Quiroga, and Tzintzuntzan have passed down this knowledge through generations, allowing the inhabitants of this region to preserve.
this artistic wealth.

The priest Don Miguel Hidalgo, another of the precursors of community development efforts, as a good social promoter, organized the inhabitants of the
community of Dolores to teach them new ways of life by imparting useful knowledge. Hidalgo began his teaching by planting mulberry trees in
a piece of land near the village, once these trees grew, he introduced silkworm breeding to the community, completing the industry with the installation
of rustic looms where he managed to obtain silk of very good quality. By virtue of the fact that his workshops produced, he promoted the exchange of manufactured products.
with other towns stimulating trade among the closest inhabitants.
The Rural School was born alongside the land distribution program for peasants, as it was believed that a program of this scope could not have
success without a social and cultural type complement. The Rural School was a genuine product of the Mexican Revolution; with the creation of the Ministry of
Education, in the year 1921, the first schools were created, which quickly multiplied throughout the republic, arising from close contact and
narrowing of the life of the peasants themselves and as a result of their desires for improvement in all aspects, not as mere instruments of
teaching reading and arithmetic but as centers of education for life. It is important to remember the simple programs but with a huge sense
humans who were developed in our modest rural schools, pride of the revolutionary governments, in addition to the education that was given to the children
of school age, older individuals were taught literacy in addition to practical knowledge; a 'Social Action' program was carried out that consisted of
to awaken concerns among the community members to improve their living conditions. The program unfolded naturally and with simplicity.
own to the way of life of the peasants, on one hand, the necessary knowledge for the conservation of health and the prolongation of life was acquired;
On the other hand, the physical environment was studied to achieve economic improvement by promoting agriculture, livestock, handicrafts, and the rational exploitation of the
natural resources watching over their conservation; the promotion and elevation of domestic life was a constant concern through the education of the
woman to achieve the improvement of rural homes and the protection of the child population.

Cultural Missions
Rural schools multiplied throughout the country, while the peasant aspired for a piece of land that would provide sustenance for his family.
he demanded to be helped to nourish the spirit through the guiding action of a rural school whose building often differed little from the houses or shacks.
where the peasants lived, however, they constituted a symbol of the new ideals made real, which was often called the HOUSE OF
VILLAGE because that’s how they felt it was a result of their cooperation. The Ministry of Education, as an emergency measure, created the Cultural Missions.
as a response to the urgent demand of the people themselves and as an imperative necessity since young teachers lacked basic knowledge
to carry out such an important task in moments so critical for the country. Starting in the year 1926, the first Cultural Training Missions were created
of rural teaching selecting to integrate its staff the best teachers that the Secretary had at that time. Once integrated the
Missions traveled throughout the national territory guiding teachers in teaching techniques and promoting some improvements with the communities.
of a material type and organizing intense social campaigns, awakening concerns and desires for improvement both among teacher groups and in
the peasants. In the year 1938, with the creation of the Federal Institute for Teacher Training, the work system of the Cultural Missions was changed,
pointing out to the missionary teachers a different but significant task. Currently, the Cultural Missions are defined as 'Education Agencies'
Extracurricular activities created to promote the socio-economic and cultural development of those communities or regions that, for various circumstances, have remained
on the margins of the country's general progress
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CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY SOCIAL WORK

Community Social Work is the professional action carried out with the aim of helping the community establish and find the means to achieve its own
fines, based on respecting the rights and traditions of the community.
Community Social Work is a work methodology focused on the self-managed resolution of collective needs, taking into account
the set of sociocultural, socioeconomic, and health activities of a community.

PROFILE OF THE COMMUNITY SOCIAL WORKER

The social worker practices their profession with individuals and groups affected by an issue or deficiency, which is why the
Social worker requires theoretical and methodological knowledge, which allows him to understand and interpret social processes and the problems of the country.
From a social standpoint. To be a good community social worker, one must be realistic (actions must be viable) and, at the same time, aspire to change the world.
(to wish to build unprecedented realities in the social spaces we move in). To do good community work, A. Twelvetrees warns (1988): "One
must aim to change the world; if they do not find the necessary motivation to carry out the work.

OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNITY SOCIAL WORK

Communities often need help in organizing themselves to address their needs, just as individuals need it to cope.
its own needs.
The objectives of the social worker are:
- Dar soluciones a los ciudadanos a encontrar, los medios necesarios para su bien y su control social. - Alentar los esfuerzos cooperadores para perseguir objetivos
common.
Build mutual understanding channels for individuals and groups for common action. In Community Social Work, the social worker can help
to the communities to understand the existing social problems within them and to use the available resources to provide solutions that improve and strengthen
the entire community and enrich the lives of its members. This intervention method aims to respond to community needs and in it, the role of
The help of the social worker is not directed solely at the members of the group, but rather leads their efforts alongside the individuals with whom they work.
Community Social Work is an area that impacts from the grassroots: working with the community, not just for the community. That is to say, it is not so much an action about
the community, as an action of the community, which arises from the integration of four components: the study of reality, the programming of activities,
the execution and evaluation of what has been done or what is being done.

FUNCTIONS
a) Community Preparation for Organization: It can be done through different agencies capable of channeling the social life of the community, with a
specific objective, such as a social center, a cooperative, a housing commission, etc.
b) Preparing the Community to Accept New Solutions: This task is fundamentally educational, and it should not be carried out in an undifferentiated manner, as
If the community were entirely homogeneous, it would be necessary to appropriately adapt this preparation according to the group it is aimed at.
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c) Community Preparation for the Execution of Specific Tasks: The preparation for these technical or administrative tasks must be done according to
the cases regarding the organization and administration of cooperatives, learning techniques for building houses, trucks, crops, etc. In each
In specific cases, the community must have a specialist who provides specific advice.

KNOWLEDGE SKILLS APTITUDES SKILLS

Research Methodology o Plan, Manage and Evaluate Develop Creativity, Community Social Work is a task
Social Social Projects. Imagination and Initiative. that mobilizes various skills. It faces
Planning and scheduling o Detect leaders. Responsibility and with the promotion and dynamization of a
Organization Strategies and o Promote the Organization and Commitment Towards the collective action process that involves the
social participation Social Participation. Profession. development of multiple operations around
Group formation o Develop and Execute Models of Leadership. of which he can and/or must help the
Social Education Intervention. Initiative. group. Being a community worker is
Evaluation o Design Models of Professional Identity.
promote the establishment of a driving group
Research. To establish relationships
Analyze, interpret, or an organization, and while it is needed,
o Making Decisions. interpersonal
contextualize and explain the to be a dynamizer and organizer of the group and of
o Apply the Appropriate Techniques
reality. his meetings, assist him in the construction
from a community diagnosis and in the
development of the collective project,
accompany you in action and in many others
tasks.
Source: Moreno Hinojosa, Raquel Oralia, et al. (2008) Study Material Community Social Work Workshop, CETIS 5, Mexico City.
File path provided, unable to translate directly from a file.
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
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SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK.

BACKGROUND

School Social Work emerged during the years 1906 and 1907, almost simultaneously in Boston, Hartford, Connecticut, and New York, USA. The implementation of
Social Work programs in schools are considered necessary given the importance of the physical and mental maturity process of the individual and their
permanent effects on their personality.
Because of the very direct relationship that the teacher had with his students, he had the opportunity to establish more direct communication with them, which led to feeling
the need to better understand their students, and on multiple occasions, they visited their homes where there were problems that were difficult to detect in the
classes. Thus arose initially the 'visiting teachers' and 'attendance inspectors' who did not have sufficient and specialized training,
understanding the great need that existed for school visitors to receive special training, which would prepare them to fulfill
successfully fulfilled its function, this was the first step taken to establish the specialty of School Social Work.
During their first experiences, they were identified as 'guest teacher work,' since the vast majority of students who presented difficulties,
they came from conflictive family environments, or from the surrounding environment, and in these cases the teacher could not address them at school.
Over time, his activity changed as in some cases he was identified as a 'home and school visitor' and his role consisted of helping.
to schools to resolve the problems that arose between them and their families.
On the other hand, it was also sought that the social worker would help improve the children's relationships at school and at home, and to solve the problems.
Social issues that seemed to cause difficulties for students in school.
In the 20th century, there was a great projection and participation in auxiliary services due to the significant increase in the school population, establishing that the objective
The primordial function of the educational system was not just the transmission of a body of knowledge to the student, but rather the learnings and experiences that they would acquire.
they will ensure a preparation for their adult life, making clear the need to understand the emotional life of the student and how to address their
needs.
This transformation of the educational system coincided with the evolution of Case Social Work, which favored the penetration of the Social Work professional.
in school, fulfilling the fundamental objective of helping the student, the parent, or the teacher with any issues related to the experience
school and the adaptation or maladaptation of the student to the school. The Social Worker working in the school has been identified as a counselor.
school visitor, social advisor visitor, home and school visitor, visiting teacher or school social worker.

Objective of Social Work in the School Area

Detect, investigate and address the conflict situations that hinder students' adaptation to the school environment and/or affect their performance.
academic, interacting with the family and teachers to contribute to the integral development of students and to the improvement of the school environment.
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Social Work Actions in the School Area

Detection, investigation and attention to conflictive cases in the school population.
Referral of cases to specialized institutions for their treatment
Organization and implementation of preventive and corrective campaigns aimed at addressing problems that affect the school community.
Integration of teachers and parents into the school community promoting active participation for the benefit of the community itself.
Promotion and integration of recreational, cultural, occupational groups.
Manage services and support for students when the school lacks them or to reinforce those it offers.

Functions of Social Work in the school area

Elaborate the activity program for Social Work, in accordance with the standards and guidelines.
Conduct a study of the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in which the students operate.
Conduct research on the family background of the students
Analyze the causes that influence students who present behavior problems, adaptation issues, absenteeism, failure, and school dropout, in order to
to guide them so that they can overcome their deficiencies, or channel them to specialized institutions.
Investigate and establish relationships with public and private institutions to channel those students who require specialized treatment.
Participate in the selection of students for the awarding of scholarships, basing decisions on the socioeconomic studies conducted.
Provide students with psychological, vocational, and social integration guidance required to achieve the objectives of the process.
teaching-learning.
Encourage students to acquire study habits and methods that facilitate their learning.
Conduct studies aimed at identifying the causes that affect the academic performance and behavior of students.
Develop institutional integration activities between the school community and the institution.
Conduct socioeconomic studies of the students and integrate the respective files for their follow-up.
Participate in the promotion and dissemination of the careers and specialties of the institution.

Source:Invalid input. Please provide text for translation.

 Undersecretariat of Upper Secondary Education
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MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

BACKGROUND
The period between 1850 and 1918 is considered to be called 'the mechanical age of medicine', as it saw significant advancements in bacteriology.
and asepsis, as well as in surgical techniques, radiology, and the great advancement achieved with drug-based treatments. These discoveries attracted the
the attention of doctors towards the physical and chemical causes of disease and the methods of research and treatment of diseases were gradually becoming each
more complex becoming indispensable, that other specialists collaborated with the doctor: radiologists, pathologists, biochemists, physiotherapists,
pharmacists, dietitians, rehabilitation therapy staff, etc.
Around 1885, Sir Charles Lock, from the Charity Organization Society of London, mentioned that poverty prevented many patients who had to
hospitalization made them; the fear of leaving their families without the economic resource of their salary -which was often the only income of the household- made them
to postpone their treatment or reject it, with serious risks to their health, that of their family, and even the community. Sir Charles Lock therefore requested that a designation be made
a special staff that would cooperate with the doctors, obtaining the general assistance that those cases required and that, if achieved, would make attention possible
medical and other types, suitable in cases of illness. They were then complaining in England about the abuses of people who could afford their care.
doctors would resort to hospitals, pretending to be homeless.
To respond to the proposal of Sir Charles Lock and also to prevent abuse from the public, Miss Mary Stewart from the Charity Organization Society was appointed as
the first socio-medical worker of that country and the world. She began her work in 1895 at the Royal Free Hospital in London.
In 1905, Dr. Richard Cabot, from Massachusetts General Hospital, assisted by Miss Ida M. Cannon, founded the first hospital-based medical-social service.
country. He used to say that the medical case of any patient was usually summarized in the answer to four questions: What is the physical condition of the patient?, What is the condition
mental of the same?, what has been the physical environment that has surrounded it?, and finally what has been its mental and moral environment?. Dr. Cabot added that the doctor
I had to find the answer to the first two questions, but the last two could only be answered by the social worker, the only person who was going to.
In the environment in which the patient had developed, he provided information to the doctor, thus contributing to a serious diagnosis and effective treatment.
Miss Cannon, for her part, said that "every pathological case involves, more than an individual problem, a problem of a social nature."
In the following years, medical-social work continued its upward trend, and under the influence of the two world wars, great knowledge about the
schizophrenia and psychology opened the way and increased interest and understanding about the connections between illness, personality, and conditions
social

Source: Flores G, Ma Luisa, Social Medical Work, Public Health, July-September, Mexico City.

Health and Social Work Institutions in Mexico

Institutional Social Work is not autonomous; it has always been linked to the state's social policy and aimed to address social problems and needs.
highlighted by the current government: hygiene, family planning, reproductive health, the elderly, high-risk groups, disability, domestic violence.
General Lázaro Cárdenas del Río recognized social workers as strategic professionals for the country's development and provided them with magnificent support.
governmental.
Upon the graduation of the first generation in the year 1936, a letter was sent to the Public Charity of the Federal District with the following text: "This presidency has had to
It is well agreed that in the various departments of that institution, all efforts should be made to take advantage of the services of the social workers who are qualified.
in the respective school of the Ministry of Public Education." Signed on August 12, 1936
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With this valuable support, the graduates of Social Work quickly found positions in public welfare institutions.
In the field of health, Cárdenas' administration focused on prevention and education. Not only was the Secretariat of Public Assistance created, but also an institution
dedicated to healthcare in rural areas, but the social service was created for future doctors (students) to contribute to health in the countryside.
The government of Manuel Ávila Camacho (1940-1946) seeks to reconcile the interests of the business class and the labor sector, and for this purpose, it creates the Ministry in 1941.
Labor and Social Welfare, responsible for regulating complex labor relations.
To this end, in 1943 he also created the Mexican Social Security Institute in order to respond to a long-standing desire of the working class: to achieve social security.
In the same year, the Public Assistance Secretariat and the Health Department merge to give way to the Health and Assistance Secretariat.
It increases hospital and health infrastructure, and in terms of social assistance, it increases nurseries and childcare centers.
Social Workers become indispensable elements for the care and guidance of patients, their work programs indicate their
participation in the identification of the immediate needs of the population, in the promotion of the social and economic development of groups and communities, in
development of medical social studies by medical personnel.
The information and guidance provided by the social worker serves as a link between patients, families, and medical staff, while also evaluating
the social aspects of the patient to address the detected problem.
In the year 1957, technical influence emerged in a more specific way. The Third Pan American Congress of Social Work held in San Juan, Puerto Rico,
it has as its central theme the role of Social Service in Social Welfare programs. The concern for development is the dominant theme, it is considered
Social Work as a technique that should contribute to achieving the development of the country.
In the early 1970s, in order to provide a more comprehensive treatment for patients, the functions of Social Work in administrative aspects were reconsidered.
social, their participation in the community to understand the real characteristics of the patients' environment in order to promote the changes that
they consider necessary.
This allows Social Work to be assigned a scientific character and recognize its contribution to medical-social research: research techniques such as the
observation, the interview, the home visit, and the preparation of medical-social studies usable in case and community studies are incorporated into the work
of Social Work.
Currently, the social worker is considered part of the healthcare personnel by addressing emotional and administrative aspects that
They are invariably altered during the health-illness process.

Concept of Social Work in the area of health

A set of methodological actions aimed at the stage of social shortcomings and needs that affect the health-illness process, as well as to the
identification and utilization of available resources for their attention and aimed at establishing alternatives for action for promotion, education, and recovery
of health with the participation of individuals, groups, and communities.
The professional intervention of Social Work in the area of health addresses the health-disease process from a multidisciplinary and comprehensive perspective; from
a bio-psycho-social approach, focused on needs and social problems, striving for the complete health of individuals.

Source: Casas Sainz, Delia (2004) The Professional Practice of Social Work in Health Institutions, UPN Unit 25-B, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Specific functions of Social Work

OBJECTIVE To instrument the operation of activities and tasks to provide medical assistance, social care, and interdisciplinary support to patients and their
relatives, as well as contributing to the training of human resources in their area of expertise and in social research regarding the factors
social, economic, cultural factors that influence the health-disease process of respiratory pathologies.
FUNCTIONS
Establish the objectives, goals, and processes-programs of the Department and implement mechanisms for recording, analyzing, and reporting on the activities that
They are developed in order to integrate reports for decision-making, at the request of the corresponding authorities, as well as to provide information.
for the preparation of the Program-budget and to evaluate the General Program of Activities of the Department.
Design the plans, programs, and projects for social assistance, health education, counseling for students and interns of the subject, and research.
social, that contribute to the provision of quality care and the continuous improvement of the services provided in Social Work.
Apply a social care model aligned with health policies, those of the institution, the needs of service users, and one's own.
objectives and characteristics of Social Work and to implement health education programs that benefit patients and their families
knowledge, habits, and customs favorable to health.
Monitor that the socioeconomic study conducted on patients requesting specialized medical care is determining that the fees for
recovery, shall be governed by the policies, norms, and procedures established by the Institute and the Social Work Department, adhering to the principles of
equity and justice established by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and the General Health Law.
Ensure that the medical-social problems presented by patients are analyzed and determined with them, their families, and the health team.
alternative actionable options for its resolution, review the management, the referral and counter-referral of patients with other institutions of
health, be efficient and timely, through coordination and technical and information exchange with other units of the institute and outside of it to
the attention of patients.
Organize, direct and control human and material resources in the area according to current regulations, coordinate the implementation of the manuals.
of organization and procedures of the Department, supervising their correct application, as well as the induction process of new staff
income, the advisory program for students and interns of Social Work and the Department's Supervision.
Promote the training and updating of the staff under your responsibility, encouraging their attendance and participation in academic meetings or intra events.
extracurricular, which allows them to disseminate their institutional experience or research projects.
Promote and encourage staff to develop socio-medical research protocols, publish results, and participate in all the
institutional programs or committees for the improvement of services and care processes.

Source: Mexican Institute of Respiratory Diseases (2013) Specific Organization Manual of the Social Work Department, Secretariat of Health
Mexico.
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
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LEGAL OR PENITENTIARY SOCIAL WORK

BACKGROUND
If we trace back the historical events from which social work and the penitentiary system arise, it is observed that both emerge from the society's need to
resolve the conflicts and social phenomena that arise over time.
Social Work, for example, was born as a form of welfare in the 18th century with women who organized to provide assistance to those in need.
those in need; later, during the Industrial Revolution, social work was seen in the need to institutionalize and establish itself as a discipline, since in this
New forms of social organization and consequently new forms of thought such as humanism with Karl Marx among other currents emerge in this era.
philosophical, this due to the differentiation of social classes, so both the philosophers of that time and those considered social workers dedicated themselves to
task of seeking new solutions to the conflicts and social phenomena that arose, which gave rise to the conceptual and theoretical foundations of social work,
since he was dedicated to or considered as social service where he supported those in need but no longer in an assistive manner and this is where in the end
From this, the first schools of social work were born, and from here, the social worker began to acquire greater knowledge and to have new areas where
I could work; it's where social work is as changeable as society, as it grows and evolves along with society.
The profession of social work will be defined; according to the International Federation of Social Workers, social work is a practice-based profession and
an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of individuals.
The principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility, and respect for diversity are fundamental to social work.
Backed by the theories of social work, social sciences, humanities, and indigenous knowledge, Social Work involves people and the
Structures to face life and increase well-being.
The advantage that is said to be held by the social worker and which is currently the most important is the vision that every act, phenomenon, or social action is the
set of multiple factors that trigger that act, phenomenon, or social action, so the social worker does not focus on the person or the act, but on the
a combination of factors, which allows him to take actions that help both the person change the situation that affects him and, in his case, make those factors
disappear in the person's environment so that that act, phenomenon, or social action does not repeat.
SKILLS
In order for the social worker to achieve this, they require skills such as observation, ease of speech, deduction, and above all, great empathy.
that has to win over the people and get them to open up to obtain valuable information, but above all must have the power of persuasion so that the
The person should follow the treatment to the letter and reach the end of it.
In this latest one and in the same penal code and in the protocol, it is established that people who violate the law have the right to receive a treatment plan.
while serving a sentence, and if we go to the objective of correctional facilities, we come across a very controversial word
within this scope: social reintegration, which is defined as a systematic process of actions aimed at promoting the integration into society of a
a person who has been convicted of breaking criminal law.
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These actions aim to address the greatest number of factors that have contributed to a person's involvement in criminal activity, with the goal of
reduce their chances of reoffending and promote the shift towards prosocial behaviors. These begin during the period of compliance with a
sentence, and continue when the person returns to their life in the community. It is characterized by the development of skills in the individual, social, and
labor, and for the strengthening of protective aspects that facilitate integration into society.
ACTIVITIES
Treatment plan.
I work with the families of the incarcerated.
Work management for the inmate at the time of completing their sentence.
Management of economic and human resources.
And within these, countless activities such as interviews, socioeconomic studies, home visits, among others, to ensure that people who are
they find themselves serving a sentence have a reintegration into society; why the social worker is the right one, because first of all, he is the
A professional who is in direct contact with the user and is the only qualified professional to go into the field and investigate the reality of a criminal fact.
What is the only one that not only intervenes once but also follows up on each case it works with, ensuring that it has uninterrupted continuity.
To achieve the final objective, this is why the social worker is of utmost importance in the penitentiary system, and although society has long since...
Considering that it is necessary to provide people who commit a criminal act with a plan where they can achieve reintegration into society.
a healthy coexistence, and this is not only in Mexico, where the social context is in a state of crisis due to the high crime rates it manages,
but are found at a global level.

The provided link does not contain translatable text.

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INDUSTRIAL OR BUSINESS SOCIAL WORK

BACKGROUND
In its origins, Social Work developed its intervention "in the heat" of private philanthropy (of a secular nature, or of a religious nature). An intervention
developed, then, in the realm of civil society. The state, as we know it today, was being built. The entrepreneurial initiative was
found focused only on economic development through the process of industrialization. As the State increased its level of intervention in the
social structures and became a guarantor of the social rights of citizens, Social Work shifted its practice towards this. The companies, for their part,
and within the framework of the conflict between capital and labor, they had to introduce measures aimed at promoting certain labor rights.
In these waters, Social Work 1091 established a specific way of professional action. A practice that led to Business Social Work.
In this context, corporate social work is defined as that "organized activity, which aims to help the reciprocal adaptation of the
workers and their company.
This objective is achieved through the use of techniques and methods aimed at enabling workers, groups, and work collectives to make
in the face of needs, solve the problems posed by their adaptation to an evolving industrial society and, at the mercy of cooperative action, that
improve economic and social conditions.
This definition is completed by Bernard with the three planes of action that the figure of the Social Worker has within the company. The planes he proposes
the authors are:
to provide psychosocial support to individuals and groups of workers who are in difficulties;
to participate in the creation, operation, and improvement of the company's social achievements.
to foster a better awareness of the human and social problems that arise due to work, making available to those responsible
and interested parties all observations and information collected through the practice of professional activity.

This specific form of Social Work gradually declined. The following causes can be established as triggers: 1) Difficulties of
identity of the company social worker.
2) Development and consolidation of the Welfare State.
Transformations in the business world.

Just as in other areas the figure of the Social Worker has consolidated and established its own field of intervention, within the framework of the company it has not.
Thus it was. A critical view from the profession towards the role of companies in the social framework and the excessively welfare-oriented approach of the interventions.
developed, caused the loss of professional identity within these structures. The 1960s was the period of greatest expansion of the TSE.
This phenomenon was enabled by the economic boom and the insufficient participation of the State in Social Welfare programs, which were practically non-existent.
In this way, companies were responsible (often even obligated) to develop 'Social Works' to meet the demands of
social care for their workers.
The development of a public Social System and the transformation occurring within companies would distort the role of the Social Worker in this.
scope of intervention. And thus, the consolidation of Public Systems in the fields of Health, Education, and Social Services became the cause
the main reason for the disappearance of the TSE. The State became the guarantor of citizens' rights that no longer had to be resolved in private instances.
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
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FUNCTIONS
In large companies, the Human Resources Department is responsible for managing the company's personnel, taking on functions such as:
The management of operational performance, responsible for the accommodation of resources and structures, flexibilization of working relationships,
customization of the remuneration system, review of salary concepts...
The study of innovation and flexibility, responsible for the proper planning of personnel needs, staff training, adaptation
from the productive structures, the flattening of the organizational pyramid.
Achieving staff engagement, the last aspect where we see a greater relevance of the Social Worker, since it is in this area where there is a
growing interest in expanding, developing, and enhancing human resources, heard and supported by it, which will allow it, thanks to this
first phase, gradually building your professional space.
Application of study methods for the company's workforce (based on touring the workplaces with effective and empathetic communication)
Preparation of a diagnosis of the social climate of the company, analyzing and processing the collected information, and planning and evaluating the project.
I work to create or maintain that social climate.
Application of techniques such as data collection, interviews, and group dynamics where one of the principles of social work is promoted: the
participation.

SOURCE: Méndez Olledo, Cristina, The 'New Professional Outlets' of Social Work: Social Work in the Private Sector, Pablo de Olavide University.
Unable to access the provided file link.

Current trends in social work in the business field

The 20th century was characterized by considering employees as "labor" or "human resource". However, in the 21st century, in the age of knowledge, the
the service market surpasses the industrial market, opening the door to extreme dynamism, turbulence, and change, making the emergence of
human talent management teams that perceive people as associates of the organization, within organic, agile, flexible, and changing models.
People would stop being a problem within industrial relations and would become the solution; they would cease to be labor and become
in talents, beings endowed with intelligence, abilities, knowledge, and skills (Chiavenato, I. 2009:43). In this new context, social workers
Luz Patricia Pardo and Patricia Arteaga published the book 'Social Management of Human Talent' in 2001, where they offered a wide range of possibilities for a
company social worker: needs assessment, protection of workers' rights, recreation, training, and organizational development
communication, orientation and mediation in problematic situations, labor relations (both in its legal aspect and in its practical dimension) and hygiene and
industrial safety. In all of them, they suggested that the professional should develop competencies in creativity, leadership, and interpersonal relationships.
Specifically, under this new perspective as of today, four major areas of action would open up for social workers in the field.
from the company: labor welfare, human talent management, corporate social responsibility, and occupational health.

SOURCE: Urrua Canales, Miguel (2013) Social Work in the Business Context, Historical Process, Definitions, and Trends, Monserrate University Foundation,
Spain.
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
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EMERGING AREAS
The emerging area is considered as an opportunity to intervene with a vision based on the adversities that provoke crises, understood as this being a
sudden change or a significant modification, presented in the development of some event, leaving the one who suffers it in a state of vulnerability (Mahomed,
2007). This represents a space where the social worker, through a specific methodology, has the possibility to participate by interacting with the
involved, considering among other aspects:
Historical situations of social inequality
Limited social cohesion
Social or interpersonal distrust
Limited institutional commitment

For this purpose, it is necessary to develop the diagnosis, along with the consequent analysis of the need or problem of intervention, to establish mechanisms.
cooperation aimed at addressing the problem and the consequent execution of actions that enable communication and recognition of the actors themselves
of a certain reality, considering that the external actor can carry out necessary actions or tasks that may lead to prevention or
self-management, in such a way that individuals located in their own scenario can relate to others and actively participate in a process of change
based on values of citizenship, ethics, and morals. This implies the analysis and systematization of a multitude of information to achieve the promotion of the
intersubjectivity, which allows a view of reality and establishes spaces for dialogue between social subjects and professionals to confront
phenomena that impact and exceed institutional capacity.
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It is believed that, given such diversity, there is a vast landscape for the implementation of new intervention proposals that lead to
generation of models that include factors related to the various interests, both of the institutions and the expectations of the population
to which they will be directed.
They can be different models from which the professional intervention of Social Worker develops; however, for this work we will focus on
those that correspond to the most commonly used theoretical-methodological construction, from a thanatological approach, as a strategy in the face of conflicts
contemporaries.
a). Crisis intervention model. The purpose of this model will be to reduce the stress caused by the pressure a person experiences, such as
result of particular events that limit him in managing his emotions, preventing him from solving problems through usual methods. His
The purpose will be to halt the acute process of psychosocial decompensation, relieving symptomatic manifestations and suffering, stabilizing the individual.
and protect it from additional stress, reducing feelings, manifestations, and behaviors, avoiding additional complications, restoring functions.
psychosocial factors contributing to the person's readaptation to the new conditions, as quickly as possible, facilitate or guide professional assistance
in the medium or long term, if necessary. It is a brief therapy, whose main objective is to provide support by helping the person at the precise moment when
that it requires or requests.
The crisis intervention model is mainly based on reducing the stress and pressure that a person experiences when facing a
a vital event that destabilizes its normal balance, the aim being to help it to reestablish and reorganize that balance by enhancing
its adaptive and response capabilities" (in Viscarret, 2007, p. 130) Caplan, (in Viscarret, 2007), identifies four phases that one goes through in a situation
of the crisis.
The first is the so-called impact phase, in this the event occurs that triggers the crisis, leading the individual to a situation of confusion and
disorientation.
In the second phase, the individual activates what the author refers to as emergency skills for problem-solving, in order to reduce the level
of tension and distress that is experienced.
The third phase, when the previous two have not succeeded in saving the situation, is characterized by triggering emergency skills; here the individual
It may take drastic measures for a solution.
The fourth phase is derived from the previous ones, and is achieved when the individual has attained balance.
On the other hand, Viscarret points out that for intervention in crisis situations it is necessary to consider some basic characteristics: immediacy and brevity.
in the intervention in a focused and structured manner, without neglecting the identification and support of contacts; as well as the counseling. In this regard, the
The social worker will act as an involved participant, observer, or as an agent of change.
The professional intervention may develop from the formulation of a diagnosis in order to subsequently intervene therapeutically. Naomi Golan (in
Viscarret 2007) proposes a care model structured in three phases:
Initial phase, focused on the here and now; determines the state of the situation.
Medium phase, in this the assigned and necessary tasks are carried out to solve the problem.
Final phase, the process followed since the beginning is reviewed, focusing on the tasks carried out, the goals achieved, and the changes made. In any case
All existing resources, family, institutional, and social support networks must be taken into account in the phases, regardless of the type of crisis.
The event is usually emotionally significant and involves a radical change in their existence.
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b) Humanistic-Existential Model This model grants the human being the ability to examine themselves and produce changes induced by themselves. Carl Rogers (1902-
1987) is one of the most well-known authors of the humanistic movement. His therapeutic method, client-centered therapy, or non-directive therapy, is based on the
central hypothesis that the individual possesses within themselves means for self-understanding and for changing their self-concept, attitudes, and
self-directed behavior.
The therapist must provide an environment of favorable psychological attitudes so that the patient can exploit such means. The approaches that guide
this model is based on humanism, "which sees man as a being endowed with a set of potentialities necessary for his
complete development. It refuses to differentiate between sick or healthy people; it considers that every human being is in need of help at one time or another.
when it comes to searching for or finding balance in the face of any loss” (Avalos Pérez, 2012).
Another element that integrates the model is existentialism, which determines that man is free and responsible for his actions, therefore, committed in the way of
being that is acquired throughout its existence.
Sartre determines that in existentialism there is no other legislator than man himself, for affirming freedom and the necessity of transcending the situation.
to surpass oneself, to reclaim the realm of the human as the only realm to which man belongs. (Sartre). It is from human existence that
establishes the value and meaning of all that is real. Man is an open possibility, the freedom to act, and must take into account what is offered to him, the circumstances.
that can limit your possibilities and your freedom. (Avalos Pérez, 2012, p. 61) This humanistic and existentialist approach encompasses absolute respect for the
capacity for development and updating of the human being, as long as they have the appropriate conditions. Seven stages are identified through which one can go.
to go through the mourning
1st phase: achieving empathy.
2nd phase: of the therapeutic bond
3rd phase: task collaboration
4th phase: the experiential processing
5th phase: promote growth and self-determination
6. phase: conclusion of the task
7th. final phase of the therapeutic process
The course of these phases is considered a series of techniques that help the individual discover and interpret their own situation, to define their behavior with the
help from a specialized social worker, to assist in the logical interpretation of physical and emotional manifestations, as well as thoughts and
behaviors expressed by someone who is a victim of grief.

c) Systemic model This therapeutic approach is a modality of intervention that takes into account and intervenes in the context where conflicts arise.
produced by loss, as it encompasses the individual in their context and expresses that the relationship between people and their environment is subject to a dynamic
circular of reciprocal influences. In the face of any type of loss with the consequent mourning, the victim is not only the one who suffers, it also involves their surroundings,
In this sense, the most significant context is the family, which is understood as a system. Thus, individual dysfunctions are considered in relation to the
behaviors and the expectations of the other members of the system in which they evolve and are maintained.
The systemic approach has the merit of providing social work with a method to analyze, think, identify, and design strategies for professional action.
Goldstein (in Viscarret 2007) notes that 'the social worker and the clients in treatment constitute a system of changes and their interactions include
prior conditioning, as well as external contexts.” The systemic model in Social Work attempts to explain social facts by focusing on the
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
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interactions and interrelationships that exist in a given context. That is, every situation has circular effects and the explanation of any fact is the
explanation of the circle in its entirety and not of any particular aspect. From this perspective, the individual must be viewed as a bio-psycho-social and spiritual being.
The biological factor, the psychological (thoughts, emotions, and behaviors), and social factors play a significant role in human activity in the
context of a mourning, without overlooking the spiritual part composed of two parts, the theological which includes the relationship of the human being with the superior and the
philosophical, composed of two specifically human faculties: intelligence, whose purpose is the search for truth through knowledge and
self-knowledge and the will that aims for the search for good through wanting-to-want. (Castro González, 2007, p. 17) Nevertheless, this first system
which integrates the individual, he is surrounded by others, of great significance beyond that of the family, in it there exists a set of formalized interactions of
elements with a common history. It is a whole that functions through the interdependence of its parts, in a state of constant movement that defines
through the information they receive and with the systems that it produces.
From this point of view, the social worker who contributes to the grieving process must analyze it not only at an individual level but also consider it as
a conflict or pathology that affects the relationships in the environment. In any field of social work where intervention is carried out under the systemic model, always
you will be facing a person who is also immersed in a family system that constitutes their everyday space for development, therefore they must possess
an integrative vision, analyzing the sufferer as a biopsychosocial unit integrated into social groups.

Source: Fosado Álvarez, María Guadalupe and Sandoval Cervantes, Claudia, Social intervention in emerging scenarios; an integrative vision, University
Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Mexico.
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THIRD PARTIAL

Essential competence: Design a social entrepreneurship project

After learning about the areas of Social Work, it is important to identify the new ones that have opened up in this 21st century to the world and to the profession, one of them has
What to see with: Social Entrepreneurship, let’s look at what some authors say.

Entrepreneurship in Social Work?

Social Work is one of the most important professions in times of crisis. Our social perspective is necessary in light of the new needs that arise.
we will face society.

Covid 19 started as a health crisis, but it is going to become a social crisis. Therefore, we have the opportunity to create projects within our
profession of Social Work.

We understand the concept of entrepreneurship as an attitude towards life.

Entrepreneurship is the manifest ability and desire of individuals, whether by themselves or through teams, within or outside of organizations.
existing ones, to create new economic opportunities, that is, new products, new forms of organization, new methods of production, etc., and
introducing their ideas in the markets, facing uncertainty and other obstacles, making decisions about location and in the form and use of
the resources and the institutions.

Characteristics of entrepreneurial people:

Positive mental aptitude: taking on work responsibilities without it affecting your mood.
Creativity: the creation of a new company constitutes the birth of a new system.
Effort: the entrepreneur puts a lot of effort into their daily work and carries it out with energy since the daily tasks, requiring little effort from them, do not
results are satisfactory.
Initiative: they anticipate and carry out new opportunities.
Tenacity: they put their ideas into practice and develop them. They believe in their idea strongly.
Vision of the future: the ability to analyze current events in order to anticipate future happenings and thus get ahead by adopting successful measures.
Negotiating and commercial attitude: reaching an agreement so that everyone achieves their goals considering them possible or convenient.
Decision: managerial capacity.
Leadership: clearly expresses ideas and concepts, in an explicit and convincing way. Engages the people around them, achieving that they
people take as their own the company's objectives.
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Academic Innovation Subdirection

Planning: when a person dreams of doing something, it is supported by a plan that has no other purpose than to achieve positive results.
Steward and Roth (2001) also assert that to achieve those objectives, a prior development of strategies and approaches is required.
future regardless of the size of the future entity.
Social skills: entrepreneurs, as a general rule, have more social skills than other people. Additionally, they have a greater capacity.
for information search

Acosta Barranco, Pedro (2018) Entrepreneurship in Social Work, Pablo Olavide University, Seville Spain.
Unable to access the content from the provided link.

REASONS TO START A BUSINESS

I hope that by the end of the reading you feel inspired and can share your thoughts with me on what you think, and if we should continue advancing with this topic related to entrepreneurship.
There could be big surprises.
Severance
One of the most difficult situations a professional can go through is unemployment, as it affects not only you but also your surroundings. But believe me
What this situation can be decisive in your life, as it will give you two options: a) Complaining every day and blaming others for your lack of
opportunities. b) Look to the future and determine where and how you want to go.
For some, unemployment is one of the most powerful reasons to start a business, as it forces them to move out of necessity. Tomorrow you might be surprised by
the results of your determination, and the fact of starting something that generates income for you, but at the same time you feel that you are contributing to the social sphere.
If you find yourself unemployed today, and the anxiety is knocking at the door, I invite you to take entrepreneurship seriously.
2. New Challenges:
If you are one of those people who take life seriously and want to make a difference in society, entrepreneurship could be your answer.
As social workers, we have the opportunity to detect real problems in society, whether from a community, group, or family perspective. It is for
Hello, trying to address these issues through an entrepreneurship will give you a new challenge both professionally and personally.
If you have already detected a problem and are determined to take action, don't wait any longer; this is your moment to make it happen. Don't leave it for tomorrow!
3. Internet
Nowadays, as professionals, we have the opportunity to expand our network of contacts and support through the internet, and this is the perfect space to
entrepreneurship, as it will give you the freedom you need. A few weeks ago I started reading a book called“Rework” which in its Spanish version is called“Restart”
It is a book that can change your life, as it talks about how we can have a work team with people from different parts of the world.
Indeed, nowadays this is possible thanks to the power of the click, you simply need a good internet connection and time. But how to find my
Team? Simple, nowadays there is a huge list of sites where freelance professionals offer their services, where you can find everything from designers.
graphics, web, finance executives, etc. If you are thinking about launching your business online, I recommend that you read the book, as it could help you design it.
in the best way.
Types of online businesses:
Virtual stores
Online training
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Professional consulting
Social project design
Online mediations
4- Independence
One of the biggest motivations I had to leave my traditional job as a Social Worker was to have independence, to be able to manage my time and not...
having to be locked in an office all day or seeing the incompetence of my superiors, to move towards new challenges.
That is why if you feel the need for freedom and time today, starting a business can be a good option, but be careful, there are things that no one tells you. Starting a business
it means that you will be able to take free afternoons or whole days, but you must also know that there will be weeks full of work, and you will have to forget about weekends.
But you know, I am happy to work on a Sunday if I am doing what I like, and on top of that I can contribute to social change and also receive income.
A few weeks ago, I was talking to a friend I met through the Blog, and she told me about her interest in taking a new professional path as a Coach.
Today I believe he is already making progress on it, but what I value most about that conversation is that he took seriously the idea of making that change in his life. Perhaps today
You have the idea of creating a Foundation or Corporation. I encourage you to do it, and not to think too much about it. But what I do advise is that you answer the questions.
that are at the end of this post.
"Thesuccessisnotforthosewhobelievetheycandoit,butforthosewhodoitthey do
5- Generate employment
Perhaps today you find yourself unemployed, and it makes you angry and helpless because you are not given the opportunities you deserve. I invite you to channel that anger or
Empowerment is being your own agent of change, offering employment through your entrepreneurship.
As social workers, we have the need to generate changes, especially for those who need it the most. Offering employment, even to one person,
you are already contributing to society in an immeasurable way, as that person will be able to feed their family. If this is not a good reason to have a
social entrepreneurship, I don't know what it would be.
I remember that when I graduated from university, I applied for every position that was presented to me. Of course, everywhere required at least 2 to 3 years of experience, and
As you will know, I didn't make it in any of them. It was obvious. But you know, no one has yet invented or developed a strategy for recent graduates to obtain their first job.
employment or better yet, why not have workshops on entrepreneurship from the first year of university? This is an idea that could be developed. What do you think?
Does it seem?
If you feel today that you are not given opportunities in a job as a professional, imagine for those who didn't even manage to finish school. Today you
I invite and challenge you to undertake, but also to find ways to generate employment.
6- Change the world
I have a nearly 3-year-old son. And I really wish for him to live in a world where he can have opportunities, where social inequality decreases more and more.
through time. And if not, provide her with the necessary tools to continue working to change the world.
Perhaps today you are working with young people dealing with drug addiction, and the way to change the world is for these young people to transform their lives and be able to achieve.
your dreams. But I understand that many times the institutions where we work do not share the same perspective, no matter how social they may be. That is why, if your commitment
go beyond what people can understand, undertake with your feet firmly on the ground and with super clear objectives.
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7. Having a story to tell

I hope that you and I can tell our children in a couple of years everything we had to do to achieve what they enjoy. That they can see in
we the necessary inspiration to continue our social work. That regardless of whether you choose a university career or are an artist, wherever you go with your work
can contribute to social change.
If today you are not fortunate enough to have a child, and you are still in university, I think this is even the right time to start. You are young and you...
You can make many mistakes. And from there, start writing your story, which tomorrow could be told and be an inspiration for many.
You and I are not different in anything, we have the same capabilities and opportunities. What will make the difference is whether you take life seriously today and
you start to fulfill the dreams that you had postponed due to excuses.
I would love to know what you thought of this post, write to me in the comments, I would be happy to read you.
[Link]'twasteitlivingsomeoneelse'[Link]
Challenge
The only way to start a Social Entrepreneurship is to start. Don't make up more excuses and take action, I challenge you to take the step this week.
first step for your next company, foundation, consultancy, corporation, etc.

Unable to access the content of the provided URL.

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ANNEXES
Annex 1
College
To create the collage, it is very simple; you just have to analyze the reading: Conceptualization of social work, the object of study, and subjects of intervention.
You should look for images related to the problems and needs you identify in your community in magazines and newspapers, as well as the main actors.
glue them in the box remember to maintain consistency, creativity, and cleanliness while doing it.

Collage
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Annex 2

Synoptic Chart
To create your synoptic chart, it is necessary to have identified the central points of the reading: The professional pillars of social work, as this will help you
to allow to respond to the existing problems and needs, so I give you the following instructions so you can have a better understanding.
Steps to create the synoptic chart:
1.- Identify the main points of the reading
2. - Identify the central concepts of the reading
3.- Relate the central concepts and main points of the text with each other in a way that you can organize them.
4.- Develop a diagram that contains the central concepts and their relationships
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Synoptic Table
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Annex 3
To create the word search, it is necessary to have understood the reading Identity of social work and professional profile. At the end, a questionnaire will be conducted.
10 preguntas con sus respectivas respuestas, por lo que deberá elaborar una sopa de letras con las respuestas del cuestionario.

Questionnaire Word search

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Annex 4
To create a comparative table, you must identify the functions of Social Work, its characteristics, and its intervention, contrasting the relevant concepts.
Write coherently, respecting spelling rules, and elaborate it in a creative and presentable manner.

Comparative Chart
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORK CHARACTERISTICS INTERVENTION
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Annex 5
For the preparation of your essay, you should first consult the reading Ethical Principles of Social Work where the importance of ethics is discussed.
professional task for this you are given the following instructions.

Essay
The essay must include:
Cover (title, name of the facilitator, group it belongs to)
2.-Introduction
3.- Development (Relevant Ideas)
4.-Conclusion (Information Analysis)
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Annex 6 TIMELINE

To create a timeline, you must consider the following aspects:

1. Relevant data from the historical background

2. Dates of the events
3. Images of the most relevant events
Creativity and imagination to start creating the timeline
5. You can use the elements you have on hand, colored paper, pens, colored pencils, magazines, glue, scissors.

How to create the timeline?

1. Identify the name of the intervention area that will be represented in the timeline. Write it on a colored sheet of paper, remember to highlight with colors so that it attracts attention.
attention.
Check what is the first date and event that began in the area of intervention, briefly describe it on a colored sheet; you will do this with each.
date and event, until you have all the most important historical background.
3. Look for images related to the events, or you can create them yourself, draw something you like, that is your style, use the pencils of
colors, scissors. Then stick these images on the rest of the colored sheets.
4. Now it's time to shape the timeline, it can be the one that catches your attention the most. For example:
a hundred feet long form,
or maybe like an accordion,
or perhaps like the train carriages,
oh in a surprise box.

5. Once you have chosen the shape of the timeline, finish constructing the elements that you are missing.
6. Arrange the historical events of the intervention area in an orderly manner. Use glue and scissors to do so.
7. Present your timeline.
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Annex 7
TRIPLE ENTRY TABLE
To create the triple entry table, you must identify the most important historical background of the Areas of Intervention, placing in each category what
that corresponds, write in a coherent manner, respect the spelling rules and elaborate it in a creative and presentable way

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INTERVENTION AREAS

DOCTOR LEGAL INDUSTRIAL
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Annex 8
Mind Map

You have surely created several mind maps throughout your academic training; to remember how to do it, here are some elements:

A mind map contains more image than text.

2. Select the keywords you are going to use.
3. Design the order that the mind map will follow, use the center for the main idea and place the ideas in a clockwise direction.
secondaries.
4. Create connections between ideas.
5. Add images, illustrations, you can cut them out of magazines you have on hand, or draw them yourself.
6. If you have the opportunity, watch the following video, where you will find some ways to do it.

Unable to translate a URL. Please provide text for translation.

Example of a mind map

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SOURCES OF CONSULTATION
Ander-Egg, E. (1986). Social Work Methodology. Mexico: El Ateneo
Apodaca R., (1985) The educational and professional profile of social work. T.S Journal No.23
Intervention Methodology in Social Work
Martínez E., (2013) Network of Research and Advanced Studies in Social Work A.C. E Mexico Terán T., Professional profiles. National School of
Social Work U.N.A.M.
Recovered frome:Global Declaration of the Ethical Principles of Social Work
Pedro Barranco Acosta
Unable to access external documents.
Sainz, Delia (2004) The Professional Practice of Social Work in Health Institutions, UPN Unit 25-B, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Fosado Álvarez, María Guadalupe and Sandoval Cervantes, Claudia, Social intervention in emerging scenarios; an integrative vision
Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Mexico.
Mexican Institute of Respiratory Diseases (2013) Specific Organization Manual of the Social Work Department, Secretary of Health, Mexico.
Méndez Olledo, Cristina, The 'New Professional Opportunities' of Social Work: Social Work in the Private Sector, Pablo de Olavide University.
File path provided, unable to access files.
Quesada León, Herminia, others, Professional Profile of the Psychiatric Social Worker, CETis No. 5, Mexico City.
Urrua Canales, Miguel (2013) Social Work in the Business Sector, Historical Process, Definitions and Trends, Monserrate University Foundation, Spain.
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Social entrepreneurship with pears and [Link] provided content is a URL, not translatable text.
2. Social entrepreneurship PIXZAInvalid input. Please provide text for translation.
3. 4 Mexican entrepreneurs who are creating social impact
Unable to access or translate content from external links.
7 reasons that will encourage you to start as a social worker
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Essential learnings

Career: Social Work Semester: 6

MODULE V UNDERTAKE PROJECTS FOR THE VARIOUS AREAS OF SOCIAL WORK

SUBMODULE 2 STRUCTURE A SOCIAL PROJECT WITH ENTREPRENEURIAL VISION

Essential Learnings 1st Partial Learning Strategies Products to Evaluate

Activity 1
The student engages in active reading of the topics: Needs, Social needs, A.1.- Conceptual map
Problemandbeneficiary,[Link]
the central and collateral ideas identified. See Annex 1.- format for
create mind map.

Activity 2
The student engages in active reading of the social entrepreneurship topic and writes a
A.2.- Personal concept
personal concept with a minimum of 30 words.
RESEARCH NEEDS OF THE
POPULATION. Activity 3
The student engages in active reading of the topic Sustainable Development Goals.
And create a conceptual map of them. See annex 2 - guide for creating a map. A.3.- Conceptual map
conceptual.

Activity 4 A-4.-table of needs

The student applying the technique to explore needs identifies their problem. detected.
of intervention. See annex 3.- table of identified needs.

Essential Learnings 2nd. partial Learning Strategies Products to Evaluate

DESIGN A PROJECT OF Activity 5 A.5.-Conceptual Map

SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP. The student engages in active reading of the topic of people-centered design.
Creating a conceptual map with central and collateral ideas
identified. See appendix 2 (steps to carry it out)
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Activity 6 A.6.-Main question.

The student reads the topic 'Steps to design the project' and following the
Instructions: formulate the main question regarding the need.
and the selected problem.

Activity 7
The student constructs the object of study as follows: A.7.- Object questionnaire
Answer the questionnaire and each question with a minimum of 10 lines. study
Red marks causes, blue consequences, green you should, of their
50 lines of your created text.
The student with the causes and consequences detected in the text,
Elaborate a problem tree following the procedure in Annex 3.

Activity 8
The student selects a cause or a consequence from the problem tree and A.8.- Work sheets of a case and
Review the bibliographic sources, then prepare working papers. a consequence.
documentaries. Applying the guidelines of the APA style for citation
correctly the paragraphs of the consulted text. At least two sources of
bibliographic references. See attached examples 4 and 5.

Activity 9
The student reads and analyzes the procedure for drafting the proposal of a A.9.- Problem statement in
problem. And following the example of the text, write the same for a minimum of one page, maximum
which will follow the following steps: two.
Locate in your text the chosen causes and consequences to make the
work sheets and insert the citations in the generated text and give the
corresponding reference, according to the guidelines of the APA style.
Next, write short paragraphs with a full stop and a line break, leaving a double space.
space in each of them. Reviewing and correcting the syntax and
spelling.
Remove the questions from the questionnaire so that you almost have your
essay about social issues or social entrepreneurship.

Activity 10.- The student finally creates the title of their essay; this is generated. A-10—Title of your project.
from your main question:
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Removing the question marks and rewriting in the affirmative.

looking for it to contain the social fact, actors, experience, place and
time. And that it has a maximum of 12 words.

Activity 11 A.11.- Justification (minimum 300)

The student reads the topic 'Preparation of the justification.' And following the words).
Instructions provided in the reading must be carried out in a minimum of 50 words.
justification of your intervention problem.

Activity 12 A.12.- General objectives,

The student, following the instructions indicated in the reading of the text, prepares specifics and goals.
its objectives and goals.

Activity 13
The student follows the example of annexes 6 and 7 to carry out: A.13.- Physical delimitation,
Physical limitation, determination of activities.
Determination of activities. Methodology and techniques and activities
Methodology and techniques and activities to be carried out, to carry out, as well as resources
Resources that will be required for the execution of the project.

Essential learnings 3rd quarter Learning Strategies Products to Evaluate

Activity 14
Read carefully the text 'Civil Society Organizations', underline the
new words for you, look them up in the dictionary and write them in notebook A.14.- Notebook with notes
of notes. meaning of new words.
SELECT ORGANIZATIONS
Activity 15
TO INCUBATE AND SPONSOR THE
Create an infographic (annex 9) retrieving the central ideas from the text
PROJECT MICRO
Steps to create a civil society organization
Entrepreneurship
digital or with the elements you have at home (flip chart paper, cardboard, A.15.- Infographic
colors, feathers, pencils, etc.)
Activity 16
Design a crossword (annex 10) with the phases and strategies for 'Sponsoring A.16.- Crossword'
a social project
of notes.
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7. Having a story to tell

I hope that you and I can tell our children in a couple of years everything we had to do to achieve what they enjoy. That they can see in
we the necessary inspiration to continue our social work. That regardless of whether you choose a university career or are an artist, wherever you go with your work
can contribute to social change.
If today you are not fortunate enough to have a child, and you are still in university, I think this is even the right time to start. You are young and you...
You can make many mistakes. And from there, start writing your story, which tomorrow could be told and be an inspiration for many.
You and I are not different in anything, we have the same capabilities and opportunities. What will make the difference is whether you take life seriously today and
you start to fulfill the dreams that you had postponed due to excuses.
I would love to know what you thought of this post, write to me in the comments, I would be happy to read you.
[Link]'twasteitlivingsomeoneelse'[Link]
Challenge
The only way to start a Social Entrepreneurship is to start. Don't make up more excuses and take action, I challenge you to take the step this week.
first step for your next company, foundation, consultancy, corporation, etc.

Unable to access the content of the provided URL.

 Undersecretariat of Upper Secondary Education
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Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirection of Academic Innovation

Problem and beneficiary:

Problem: according to various authors, from the point of view of social sciences, a research begins with one or more questions.
that must be answered, some problems that require solutions or ideas to test. However, to obtain optimal solutions, it is necessary to define,
clarify and assert the problem under study in a way that lends itself to research. One cannot simply solve a problem if one does not know about it.
Problem, a 'problem' is understood as a question arising from a more or less structured observation; it is defined as an issue or situation that is addressed.
to clarify. The problem can also be a question or issue to investigate, with the aim of finding answers and solutions to the stated problem.
From there, Fred Kerlinger. (2012) talks about different types, levels, and purposes of problems:
Problem in the general sense. A generic problem is a question that establishes a situation that requires investigation, a decision or a
solution. The difficulties presented by abstract problems are that they can become incomprehensible and do not facilitate the possible establishment
of some relationship to investigate; also that hinder the establishment of hypotheses or variables and their measurement or manipulation. Statements of value
or too vague or general.
Scientific problem. It is one that aims at the discovery of completely new knowledge or knowledge that is unknown to
everyone at any given moment.
Social problems
Thesocial problemsthose that concern the members of asocietydetermined, often as a consequence of factors that are far from the
control of an individual or a small group of them.
These are issues that impact the individual and economic life of thecitizensand that are usually attempted to be remedied through political mechanisms.
These are examples of social problems: thesocial inequalitythediscriminationthepublic healththemigrationmassive or social immobility. refinement. (2020).
Economic problems are those that are related to the world of production, thefinanceand theconsumptionthat is, with [Link]
they have to do with the distribution of wealth and consumption opportunities, within the framework of the central problem of the economy, which can be summed up in that
resources are finite, and needs are infinite.
Consequently, rational planning is required to try to make the most of the available resources, knowing that they are never
totally sufficient nowhere.
Economic problems tend to trigger other types of problems, such as social or political ones, and are central to the stability of systems.
[Link] of economic problems include unemployment, currency devaluation, inflation, economic depression, or a decline in consumption.
refining. (2020).
Before getting to know our beneficiaries in depth, it is important to establish the differences between them and the potential clients of a
social entrepreneurship.
A beneficiary is someone who will be directly benefited by the product, service, or experience offered by the venture, who is likely to ...
use it, and who is going to solve a personal or community problem through it.
On the other hand, a client is a person, company, or organization that acquires a product, service, or experience offered by the venture and is the
potential or actual buyer of these goods or services.
According to Guillermo Definición (2012), the beneficiary is the individual authorized to receive certain economic benefits or services.
Benefit is a word that originates from the Latin beneficium, which means blessing or a positive action. Receiving or giving a benefit represents a good action.
which, undoubtedly, generates well-being and happiness. The most common benefits occur in the economic and social fields.
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For example, a company can cover the daycare of its employees' children or pay for a good health insurance service, among others. In these cases, the
Employees avoid incurring these expenses because the company or institution where they work covers them.

Social entrepreneurship
According to authors: Mariana A. (29/03/2013) Social entrepreneurship refers to the third sector, social organizations that professionalize, which may or may not have
non-profit and work towards a defined social objective in any field of human development.
According to María Estela Raffino (07/16/2020): A social enterprise is of a different type from profit-oriented businesses and also from public sector companies.
state, whose purpose is the satisfaction of social, environmental, or other types of needs, of thecommunityin which it unfolds.

Sustainable Development Goals.

According to Dr. Carlos Gutiérrez (20002), the origin of the concept of sustainable development is associated with the increasing concern in the community.
international in the last decades of the 20th century when considering the existing link between economic and social development and its more or less immediate effects
about the natural environment. This, as will be explained a little later, was not a new conflict. What was new was the magnitude and extent reached by the
same, which led to an assessment of its future consequences, including the survival capacity of the human species. The taking of
global awareness of the close relationship between economic development and the environment was expressed within the framework of the United Nations
United with the creation by this organization in 1983 of the Commission on Development and the Environment, made up of a group of personalities from the field
scientific, political and social, representative of the diverse interests existing in the international community. Mrs. was appointed to lead this Commission.
Gro Harlem Brundtland, at that time Prime Minister of Norway, who played a prominent role for her criteria and interventions on environmental issues.

The Commission was tasked with preparing a report that addresses the following concerns: • Analyze the issues related to development and the environment
environment and formulate proposals in this regard. • Propose new forms of international cooperation capable of influencing development and environmental issues
environment to achieve the proposed objectives • Promote levels of understanding and commitment to these objectives by individuals, organizations,
companies, institutes and governments.

In April 1987, the Commission published and released its report, titled "Our Common Future," also known as
like the "Brundtland Report" (Brundtland, G.H., 1987) in which the concept of sustainable development is introduced, defined in these terms: "It is in the hands of
Humanity must ensure that development is sustainable, that is, to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations.
generations to satisfy their own.” The interpretation of this concept, summarized in the aforementioned statement, cannot be carried out in isolation from the rest.
from the content of the report where it was coined. It is also not possible to review this document, which is a very extensive and well-founded text. But when
However, to understand what was intended with the concept of sustainable development, it is necessary to highlight some of the conclusions gathered in the 'Report.
Brundtland, which is mentioned below:
The prevailing models of economic growth worldwide inevitably lead to the gradual depletion of the planet's natural resources.
to environmental degradation and the increase of poverty, reinforcing the idea of a lack of intergenerational solidarity.
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However, with a positive and conciliatory intention, the report considered that with a more equitable and rational distribution of resources, growth could be achieved.
reduce poverty, but for this it was essential to achieve a consistent action from political leaders and effective participation of citizens in
integrate the objectives of economic and social development with environmental conservation, which grouped them under the category of sustainable development.
From a social perspective, the report deemed it important to analyze demographic growth in its relation to the availability of natural resources.
with the requirements of food, energy resources, water, technical infrastructure, housing, and physical space. To face the challenges of the present, and in
Especially those of the future, it was necessary to have an educated and healthy population, aspects that are deficient worldwide.
In the case of the natural or ecological component, the report warned about the loss of biodiversity and the risk of extinction of numerous species, as well as the
intense degradation or fragmentation of many ecosystems, which compromises the services they provide to humans.
Natural resources imposed some limitations on economic growth, particularly the depletion of non-renewable resources and capacity.
from the biosphere to absorb the effects of human activity, but technological advances could allow for their more efficient use, starting from employing them in
minor measure, reduce waste emissions and increase reuse levels. Several guidelines were recommended in the "Brundtland Report" to achieve a
commitment between economic development and the environment, which has indeed shaped the political course of relations between the two in recent decades,
within which the following can be highlighted (Gómez Gutiérrez C. and J. A. Díaz Duque, 2013):
Governments should play a more dynamic role as disseminators of information about natural resources and environmental quality, and promote a
annual accounting of these resources as an additional asset on a social scale.
The regulatory role of governments in environmental issues should be strengthened, recognizing the role of incentives aimed at reducing costs and using them.
efficiently the natural resources.
The role played by the United Nations and its international agencies, among others, had turned out to be very limited.
The Sustainable Development Goals, also known as Global Goals, were adopted by all Member States in 2015 as a
Universal call to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.
The 17 SDGs areintegrated, as they recognize that interventions in one area will affect the outcomes of others and that development must balance the
environmental, economic, and social sustainability

Objective 1: End of poverty. Eradicating poverty in all its forms remains one of the main challenges facing humanity. Although the
The number of people living in extreme poverty decreased by more than half between 1990 and 2015, yet too many still struggle to meet their needs.
most basic needs. The Sustainable Development Goals constitute a bold commitment to finish what we started and put an end to the
poverty in all its forms and dimensions by 2030. This requires focusing on the most vulnerable, increasing access to basic resources and services.
and support communities affected by conflicts and climate-related disasters.

Objective 2: Zero Hunger. Unfortunately, hunger and malnutrition continue to be major obstacles to the development of many countries. It is estimated
that 821 million people suffered from chronic malnutrition by 2017, often as a direct consequence of environmental degradation, drought and
loss of biodiversity. More than 90 million children under the age of five are dangerously underweight. Malnutrition and insecurity
Food insecurity seems to be increasing both in almost all regions of Africa and in South America.
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The Sustainable Development Goals aim to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition by 2030 and ensure access for all people.
especially children, to sufficient and nutritious food throughout the year. This task involves promoting sustainable agricultural practices through
support for small farmers and equal access to land, technology, and markets.

Objective 3: Health and well-being. We have made great strides in the fight against several of the major causes of death and disease. Life expectancy
life has increased drastically, child and maternal mortality rates have decreased, we have changed the course of HIV and mortality due to
malaria has been reduced by half. Good health is essential for sustainable development, and the 2030 Agenda reflects the complexity and interconnection of
both. Take into account the widening economic and social inequalities, rapid urbanization, threats to the climate and the environment,
the fight continues against HIV and other infectious diseases, and new health issues, such as non-communicable diseases. The coverage
universal health will be comprehensive to achieve SDG 3, end poverty and reduce inequalities. The emerging global health priorities that
are not explicitly included in the SDGs, including antimicrobial resistance, also demand action.

Objective 4: Quality education, Since 2000 there has been enormous progress in the goal related to universal primary education. The total rate of
enrollment reached 91% in developing regions in 2015 and the number of children not attending school decreased by almost half worldwide.
There have also been significant increases in literacy rates and more girls than ever before are attending school today. Undoubtedly, these are achievements.
notables. The goal of achieving inclusive and quality education for all is based on the strong conviction that education is one of the engines
more powerful and proven to ensure sustainable development. To this end, the objective seeks to ensure that all girls and boys complete their
free primary and secondary education by 2030. It also aims to provide equal access to affordable technical training and eliminate the
gender and income disparities, in addition to achieving universal access to quality higher education.

Objective 5: Gender equality. Ending all forms of discrimination against women and girls is not only a basic human right, but
it is also crucial for sustainable development. It has been demonstrated time and again that empowering women and girls has a multiplying effect and helps
to promote economic growth and development globally. The UNDP has placed gender equality at the core of its work and we have
notable progress in the last 20 years. More girls are going to school than 15 years ago, and most regions have achieved parity.
gender in primary education.

But, although there are more women than ever in the labor market, there are still large inequalities in some regions, and women are systematically disadvantaged.
they are denied the same labor rights that men have. Violence and sexual exploitation, the unequal division of unpaid labor -
both domestic and in the care of others - and discrimination in decision-making in the public sphere are major obstacles that still
Persistent. Climate change and disasters continue to have a disproportionate effect on women and children, as do conflict and
migration. Guarantee universal access to reproductive and sexual health and grant women equal rights in accessing economic resources, such as
Lands and properties are fundamental goals to achieve this objective. Today more women than ever hold public office, but encouraging more...
Women to become leaders will help achieve greater gender equality.
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Objective 6: Clean water and sanitation. Water scarcity affects more than 40 percent of the global population, an alarming figure that is likely
it will grow with the increase in global temperatures resulting from climate change. Although 2.1 billion people have gained access to better
Water and sanitation conditions since 1990, the decreasing availability of quality drinking water is an important problem that affects everyone.
the continents. More and more countries are experiencing water stress, and the increase in droughts and desertification is already worsening these
trends. It is estimated that at least one in four people will be affected by recurrent water scarcity by 2050. In order to ensure the
universal access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030 requires adequate investments in infrastructure, to provide
facilities sanitary y to encourage practices of hygiene.
In 2015, 4.5 billion people lacked safely managed sanitation services (with feces disposed of properly).
or treaties) and 2.3 billion lacked even basic sanitation.

Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy. Between 2000 and 2016, the percentage of people with access to electricity increased from 78 to 87 percent.
and the number of people without energy fell to just under one billion. However, alongside the growth of the world population, it will also increase.
the demand for accessible energy, and a global economy dependent on fossil fuels is causing drastic changes in our climate. For
To achieve SDG 7 by 2030, it is necessary to invest in clean energy sources, such as solar, wind, and thermal, and to improve energy productivity. Expand
the infrastructure and improve technology to have clean energy in all developing countries is a crucial objective that can stimulate the
growth and at the same time help the environment.

Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth. Over the last 25 years, the number of workers living in poverty conditions
extremes have decreased drastically, despite the impact of the economic crisis of 2008 and global recessions. In developing countries, the middle class
today represents more than 34% of total employment, a figure that almost tripled between 1991 and 2015. The Sustainable Development Goals aim to stimulate
sustainable economic growth through increased productivity levels and technological innovation. Promote policies that stimulate the
Entrepreneurship and job creation are crucial for this purpose, as well as effective measures to eradicate forced labor and slavery.
and human trafficking. With these goals in mind, the aim is to achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all men and
women for 2030.

Objective 9: Industry, innovation, and infrastructure. Investment in infrastructure and innovation are fundamental drivers of growth and
economic development. With more than half of the world's population living in cities, mass transit and renewable energy are increasingly
important, as well as the growth of new industries and information and communication technologies. Technological advancements
also with essentials to find permanent solutions to economic and environmental challenges, as well as the creation of new jobs and the
promotion of energy efficiency. Other important ways to facilitate sustainable development include the promotion of sustainable industries and the
investment in scientific research and innovation. Of 4 billion people, 90 percent still have no access to the internet and come from the world.
in development. Reducing this digital divide is crucial to ensuring equal access to information and knowledge, and to promoting innovation and
entrepreneurship.
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Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Objective 10: Reduction of inequalities. Income inequality is rising - the wealthiest 10 percent of the population retains up to 40
percent of total world income, while the poorest 10 percent receive only between 2 and 7 percent of total income. In the countries in
Development, inequality has increased by 11 percent when considering the population growth. Income inequality is a global problem.
that requires global solutions. These include improving the regulation and control of markets and financial institutions and promoting assistance
for development and foreign direct investment in the regions that need it most. Another key factor to bridging this gap is facilitating migration.
and the safe mobility of people.

Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities. More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas today. By 2050, that number will have increased.
6.5 billion people, two-thirds of humanity. It is not possible to achieve sustainable development without radically transforming the way in which
We build and manage urban spaces. The rapid growth of cities in the developing world - as a result of the increasing population.
and the increase in migration has caused an explosive increase in mega cities, especially in the developed world, and the neighborhoods
marginals are becoming a more significant feature of urban life. Improving the safety and sustainability of cities involves
guarantee access to safe and affordable housing and the improvement of informal settlements. It also includes making investments in transportation
public, create green public areas and improve urban planning and management in a way that is participatory and inclusive.

Objective 12: Responsible production and consumption. To achieve economic growth and sustainable development, it is urgent to reduce the ecological footprint through
a change in the methods of production and consumption of goods and resources. Agriculture is the main consumer of water in the world, and irrigation represents
Today, almost 70% of all the fresh water available for human consumption. The efficient management of shared natural resources and the way in which it is
eliminating toxic waste and pollutants is vital to achieving this goal. It is also important to urge industries, businesses and
consumers to recycle and reduce waste, as well as support developing countries to move towards sustainable consumption patterns for
2030.

Goal 13: Climate Action. There is no country in the world that has not experienced the dramatic effects of climate change. The emissions of gases
Greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise and are now 50% higher than the level in 1990. Furthermore, global warming is causing changes.
permanent changes in the climate system, whose consequences may be irreversible if urgent measures are not taken now. The average annual losses
caused solely by climate-related disasters reach hundreds of billions of dollars, not to mention the human impact of the disasters
geophysical events, 91 percent of which are climate-related, and which between 1998 and 2017 claimed the lives of 1.3 million people and left 4,400...
millions injured. The goal aims to mobilize $100 billion annually until 2020, in order to address the needs of developing countries.
regarding adaptation to climate change and investment in low-carbon development.

Goal 14: Underwater life. The world's oceans, their temperature, chemical composition, currents, and life are the engine of global systems that
make Earth a livable place for humans. The way we manage this vital resource is fundamental to humanity and
to counteract the effects of climate change. The livelihoods of over 3 billion people depend on marine biodiversity and
coastal. However, 30% of the world's fish populations are overexploited, reaching a level well below that necessary for production.
a sustainable performance. The oceans also absorb about 30% of the carbon dioxide generated by human activities and have been recorded
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a 26% increase in ocean acidification since the start of the industrial revolution. Marine pollution, which mainly comes from
From land sources, it has reached alarming levels: for every square kilometer of ocean, there is an average of 13,000 pieces of plastic waste.

Goal 15: Life on Land

Human life depends on the land as much as on the ocean for its sustenance and survival. Flora provides 80% of human food and agriculture.
represents an economic resource and an important means of development. At the same time, forests cover 30% of the Earth's surface, providing habitats
crucial to millions of species and are an important source of clean air and water. In addition, they are essential for combating climate change. Every year they
13 million hectares of forests are lost, while persistent degradation of drylands has led to the desertification of 3.6 billion.
of hectares, disproportionately affecting poor communities. While 15% of the land is protected, biodiversity is still
at risk. Nearly 7,000 species of animals and plants have been the subject of illegal trade. Wildlife trafficking not only erodes biodiversity,
but creates insecurity, fuels conflict, and feeds corruption.

Objective 16: Peace, justice, and strong institutions. Without peace, stability, human rights, and effective governance based on the rule of law, it is not
possible to achieve sustainable development. We live in an increasingly divided world. Some regions enjoy permanent levels of peace, security and
prosperity, while others fall into seemingly eternal cycles of conflict and violence. It is by no means something inevitable and must be
addressed. High levels of armed violence and insecurity have destructive consequences for a country's development, affecting growth.
economic and often result in entrenched grievances that can extend for generations. Sexual violence, crimes, exploitation, and torture
They are also widespread phenomena where conflicts exist or there is no rule of law, and countries must take measures to protect sectors.
that run more risks.

Objective 17: Partnerships to achieve the goals. The Sustainable Development Goals can only be achieved with a strong commitment to partnerships.
global and cooperation. Official Development Assistance remained stable but below the target, at US$147 billion in 2017, while
that the humanitarian crises caused by conflicts or natural disasters continue to demand more resources and financial assistance. Many countries also
They require this assistance to stimulate growth and trade exchange. Today, the world is more interconnected than ever. Improving access
Technology and knowledge is an important way to exchange ideas and foster innovation. To achieve growth and development.
sustainable, it is vital that policies are coordinated to help developing countries manage their debt and to promote investments for the least
developed.
 Undersecretary of Upper Secondary Education
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DETECTION OF SOCIAL NEEDS.

To design a social entrepreneurship project, the first thing we must do is identify the needs of the population.
When we start to detect the need and then define the problem we want to address, we open a key dimension of social entrepreneurship, the
knowledge of the beneficiaries.

These correspond to the target audience, a group of people whom the venture aims to solve a pain caused by a need or problem.
Identified, the beneficiaries are as the word says, those who benefit from the social entrepreneurship.
Defining a problem may initially seem quite simple, however, what happens in practice when we face problems
In the world of social entrepreneurship, we often face situations that can be quite complex, involving people and forming part of a
system that is even more complex.
We cannot tackle the problem in isolation, but we must analyze it from a holistic perspective, looking for the actors and the elements that are.
they relate to him.
It is necessary to get involved in the community where the beneficiaries operate. It is only through deep knowledge and immersion in this.
a complex system that we will be able to break down and define the problem of different actors, will contribute to defining the general context and other possible problems
involved. And that in turn will allow us to have a framework that will organize the steps to follow to develop the social entrepreneurship.
There are several techniques for exploration that allow for detecting needs and/or identifying the problem; one of them is to do the following:

Identify three needs or problems that from your experience you know affect your friends.
your relatives or your community, you can ask family members who live in your house. The same ones you will list in the first column on the left of the
comparative table.
Next, ask members of your family, friends, etc. which they consider most important or urgent to resolve and note it in the next column.
the first one they chose as the most urgent. As well as in second place and third place.

Topics Community interests

1 2 3
Pregnancies in adolescents at a young age
Addictions at an early age in young people
High dropout rate among students at the level
superior media
Lack of drinking water
Lack of public lighting

Garbage in the streets

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Tasks E.T.S. Pool Uc Azeneth MOD III Alicia Avilés Y Tun V.B. CBTIS. 80

And based on what is considered most important, the need or problem that is decided to be addressed is chosen or determined. In this example, the need and problem
The chosen social issue is early pregnancy in adolescents.

Detected need or problem: Sustainable development goals related to:

Pregnancy in adolescents at an early age. Goal 3: Health and well-being
Objective 5: Gender equality.
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ANNEXES

ANNEX 1 to carry out the tasks for activities 1, 3, and 5 of the first partial

1. Select a medium to draw. Choose a medium in which to draw your conceptual map.
2. Create a main concept. Start with a field of knowledge that you are very familiar with.
3. Create a conceptual map. Identify key concepts.
4. Organize figures and lines.
5. Fine-tune the map settings.
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Annex 2.- A.2.- Social entrepreneurship and writing a personal concept with a minimum of 30 words. Respond briefly with at least 30 words.
What is social entrepreneurship? In your own words.

Annex 3.-A. 3.- Sustainable development goals. Guide to create a conceptual map of Annex 1. Keep in mind to follow the instructions of the
mentioned annex.

Annex 4.- A.4.- Needs identification technique: table of detected needs and sustainable development objectives.

Themes Community interests

Detected need or problem: Sustainable development goals with which it

relate:
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SECOND PARTIAL - Professional Competence: DESIGN OF A SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND/OR SOCIAL INTERVENTION PROJECT

Essential learning. Design a social entrepreneurship project.

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN.
Human Centered Design is a process, a set of techniques used to create new solutions with and for
people. The reason this process is called person-centered is that it always involves people in the process.
human perspective, that is to say it is centered on the beneficiaries of this new solution.
We could define it this way, a creative approach to problem-solving that aims to understand in depth the
needs, hopes, and aspirations of people to solve their problems through the design of experiences, and/or services. The
people-centered design begins with people and ends with tailored innovative solutions to meet their needs.
When we understand the people we are going to work with, not only with the mind but with the heart and the will as Otto Charmer says in
Your theory U, and then we design from their own perspective, not only will we arrive at unexpected answers, but also at ideas with which they
they are going to identify themselves. For this reason, a key characteristic of this approach is empathy, those who are involved in the process must necessarily
to connect deeply with the people for whom this solution is to be designed.
According to Roberto Gómez (2015) Thepeople-centered designit is one of the methodologies most mentioned today when talking about generating
solutions to problems of communities that have unmet basic needs and live in low-income countries.
According [Link], a nonprofit organization focused on design that works to empower low-income individuals.
people-centered design helps listen in a different way to community members, creating innovative solutions that provide
response to those needs and to implement solutions, taking into account [Link] annex format conceptual map

STEPS TO DESIGN THE PROJECT.

The elements considered in this module, to paraphrase a problem are:
1.- Formulation of the main question
We all know, one way or another, what it is to have a problem, even though it may be difficult to define it in abstract terms. If we turn to the dictionary, we will see
defines a problem as 'a matter to be clarified', 'a proposition or difficulty of dubious solution' or 'a set of facts or circumstances'
that hinder the achievement of a goal." Three distinct definitions but they help to outline some important coordinates.
Firstly, problems are facts and circumstances, or propositions or topics that relate to them; and secondly, that
They require a clarification or solution in order to achieve an ultimate goal. In other words, in abstract terms, a problem is a question.
in need of an answer.
All thesciencesysubjectsthey study the world based on problem posing, that is, questions that require elaboration
of an answer, although it deals with very different areas of knowledge. Thus, there logically exist problems of all kinds: scientific,
methodological, philosophical, mathematical, and an immense etcetera.
After determining or choosing the social need/problem, the object of study (detected need) must then be specified and located in space.
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and in time, for example:

The questions should stem from the experience that social actors have regarding the social fact that is intended to intervene.
The main question and the secondary ones should have the following elements:
social fact
behaviors, attitudes towards the social problem or fact) place and space, (institution, population, community, country, etc. Where it
Instructions: formulate questions about the issue that you have now or previously chosen for the social venture. Remember to phrase it in the form of
question(s). observe the social phenomenon). Time, (date, period of the event)
Example: from Main Question:
How does early pregnancy affect adolescents in the community of Teabo, Yucatán in 2020?
Social Fact: Early Pregnancy
Teenagers and Parents
Experience: impacts (fear, sadness, despair, exclusion, anguish, disappointment).
Place, time and space: Population of Teabo, Yucatán in 2020.
Secondary questions:
1. Is there effective sexual education from schools or health authorities that guides adolescents to avoid early pregnancy in the
Teabo community Yucatán
The parents of Teabo, Yucatán, maintain good communication with their children, guiding them about their sexuality to avoid a pregnancy.
precocious?
3. How do the parents in Teabo, Yucatán support their teenage daughters in facing their early pregnancy?
2.- The construction of a subject of study
With regard to describing or posing a problem that becomes the object of study, intervention, or social entrepreneurship, answer the questionnaire with the
following instructions:
Answer each question with a length of at least 15 lines of handwritten text.
Questionnaire:
1.- What is the problem?
2.- How does the problem occur?
3.- What happens if the problem is not resolved?
4.- Who is involved in the problem and how?
5.- What other aspects of reality are related to the problem and how?
Read and analyze the generated texts to verify that the problematization does not focus on what ought to be, (words, phrases that are like sermons, proposals.
what should be done to solve the social problem or issue (complaints). marking them with a green marker.
Underline the key words, and secondary ones. That reflect that they are the causes of the problem (in red color) (what originates it, or independent variables) the
consequences (in blue color) (the results, effect, damage, dependent variables that are the result of the causes).
The next step is to elaborate a problem tree that allows identifying the variables and/or categories of the problem or social fact. In this technique, it...
express the type of cause/effect, the negative conditions or perceived lack by those involved.
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The problem must be formulated in negative terms, either as difficulty, lack, or increase of an undesirable situation.
You can do it on sheets of your notebook or on letter-sized sheets.
Keep in mind that the roots hold the causes, the branches the consequences, and in the trunk of the tree lies the name of the problem Activity.
3. Review of bibliographic sources and preparation of documentary cards.
In this part, it is necessary to locate scientific articles, project reports that have addressed the social problem that concerns you. Ventures
Similar social aspects that allow for an understanding of how and what can be done to address the social fact of interest.
Applying the knowledge acquired in module 1, conduct social research, carry out documentary research. and create work sheets of
consulted documents on the two most relevant causes and consequences marked in the problem tree to support the arguments expressed in the
questionnaire.
Applying the guidelines of the APA manual to correctly cite the paragraphs of the consulted text. At least two reference sources.
Don't forget to make the bibliographic references according to the APA guide.
4.- Writing of the problem statement.
Next, you will proceed to write the essay or draft the problem statement of social entrepreneurship. To do this, you must do the following:
In the answers to each of the questions in the questionnaire, identify the main chosen causes and consequences to create the working sheets.
to insert the citations in the generated text and provide the corresponding reference, according to the guidelines of the APA manual.
Redactar párrafos cortos con punto y aparte, dejar doble espacio en cada uno de ellos. Revisando y corrigiendo la sintaxis y ortografía de tus textos generado.
In the penultimate activity, remove the questions from the questionnaire so that you are almost ready with your essay on social issues or social entrepreneurship.
Finally, you must make the title of your essay; this is generated from your main question, for which you must do the following:
El evento se llevó a cabo en el parque de la ciudad el pasado fin de semana, donde la comunidad se reunió para celebrar la diversidad cultural a través de bailes y gastronomía.
It has 12 words.
Example of a title:
Repercussions of early pregnancy in adolescents of Teabo, Yucatán in 2020
The essay must be at least one page long and a maximum of two pages, inserting the title as the header of your essay.
Remember that if you create the text in Word, it should be in Arial 12, single spaced, leaving double space between each paragraph and justified.
margin.
With this, you have completed the vital part to start your social entrepreneurship project.
Integrate it into your evidence portfolio, and/or send the file for evaluation.
5. Preparation of the justification.
Read the text on the pages ... This will allow you to have an idea of how justification is done and what its function is, then write paragraphs.
answering the following: who benefits?, how do they benefit? From the actors involved in the problem. In that case of the example, they are the young people, their
parents, the institution where the problem is addressed, the community, etc.
Who is Women Their parents Institution Population or The state, Country.
benefits? youth community where
pregnant women live
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What does it with

benefit?
How do you
benefits?
Instructions: With the answers, write paragraphs that allow you to make the justification.
For example:
With the completion of this study, knowledge of the work experiences of young people who, in addition to working, study at the preparatory school will be obtained.
"González Ortega" and the academic performance presented by these students, with the aim of providing necessary elements for guidance.
appropriate education that allows them to understand their labor and academic situation, from which an increase in their school performance would be expected.
See example of this in annex 5.
6. Development of objectives and goals.
From the problem tree, the main causes and consequences are identified and the objects are drafted, and the intervention actions (verbs) are declared, which
They will be carried out on those objects. Remember, it is necessary to clarify the purposes and the products that are expected to be achieved.
An objective is the verbal expression that logically or formally relates the elements of an action in this case that is intended to be intervened and that contains:
Verb that expresses the action that is expected to be performed
2. Object of the action, or the causal variable of the problem.
3. Level of observation
4. Conditions under which the action is carried out or in which the object is expected to be found.
As in deintervention or change of reality, verbs such as: modify, design, synthesize, structure are used.
Instructions: apply one of the verbs according to the activity you wish to carry out, name your object (consult the conceptual map and/or generated responses.
In the problematization), state what conditions are inherent to your object of study and establish what products you expect to achieve from each action taken.
Verb: Object Conditions: Product
Example: Marriage and Physical Beauty Young students aged 18 to Calculation of the Test of
analyze 25 years old hypothesis
Along with the objectives, it is advisable to establish goals that allow the project to demonstrate that the necessary actions were taken to achieve the objectives.
Perform a reading comprehension of the text in this booklet on the pages.
Following the process of how objectives and goals are written, you can refer to the attached format 7 to draft the objectives and goals of your project.
7. Physical delimitation, determination of activities. Methodology and techniques and activities to be carried out, as well as resources that will be required for the execution.
of the project.
Preparation of the project's feasibility.
Instructions:
a) Quantify the cost of the project and develop arguments that support financial viability.
For example:
It is considered that this project is financially viable since carrying it out has an approximate cost of $30,000.00, considering the human resources and
materials. However, if it is not carried out and the problem of failure and school dropout continues, the cost will be much greater, since if we consider
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that each student has an opportunity cost of approximately $100,000.00 per year and if we estimate that we could increase efficiency by 20%
Terminal, then the total savings from the expenses generated by the government and the parents would be one million pesos for every 10 students that do not
they abandon school each year.
8.- Development of the work program.
a) Review the previously written objectives and goals.
b) Arrange them chronologically and list them from top to bottom.
c) Place them in time.
Instructions: Create the table for your project.
Activity Duration Responsible Product

To give you an idea, in annex 8, example of a social project, check how each aspect is written.
8.- Next, in the same annex 8 format to draft your social project, following the example of the project:
The physical delimitation,
Determination of activities,
Methodology, techniques, and activities for the project's resources.
9.-Preparation of the budget for the execution of the project
Your social project is almost ready. This booklet explains how to create the budget, look at the example and follow it.
As a penultimate task, transcribe in the aforementioned format the objectives and goals, the justification, etc.
Check and verify that it meets the following requirements; if you have the opportunity to do it on a computer, the spelling, font type, Arial 11, justify it.
text.
If you don't have a computer, you can do it on letter-sized blank sheets.
Integrate your project into the portfolio of evidence.
10.- Integration and delivery of the portfolio of evidence.
Communicate with your teacher to agree on how and where you will submit your portfolio, in a notebook, folder, or electronically.
Congratulations, you have completed the relevant part of submodule 2 on developing social projects and/or guidance.

ANNEXES:
Annex 1: Example of how to carry out a final project on a detected need or problem.

Project Title: Impact of Early Pregnancy on Adolescents in Teabo, Yucatán in 2020

Objective: Reduce early pregnancies in Teabo, Yucatán.
How does early pregnancy impact adolescents in the community of Teabo, Yucatán in 2020?
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Social Fact: Early Pregnancy

Actors: Adolescents and Parents.
Experience: reverberates (fear, sadness, despair, exclusion, anguish, disappointment).
Place, time and space: Population of Teabo, Yucatán in 2020.
Secondary questions:
1. Is there effective sexual education provided by schools or health authorities to guide adolescents in preventing early pregnancy?
community of Teabo Yucatán?
2. Do the parents in Teabo, Yucatán maintain good communication with their children, guiding them regarding their sexuality to prevent pregnancy?
precocious?
3. How do the parents in Teabo, Yucatán support their teenage daughters in facing their early pregnancy?

Construction of the object.

1. What is the problem? The impact that early pregnancy has on adolescents can be due to multiple factors. This occurs when a woman...
finds herself in her puberty and/or adolescence stage. When pregnancy occurs during this period, the girl is fertile, but she is experiencing the
natural hormonal changes of this stage; your body is still not fully developed biologically, physically or psychologically, so it can have serious
consequences for both the baby and the mother, increasing the risk of miscarriage or spontaneous birth. Because these pregnancies are not
planned, there is neither good nutrition nor control of it, generating a series of health problems for both the mother and the baby, this
potentially causing the death of both or one of them or malformations for the child. Similarly, on several occasions this leads to conflicts.
in the family, as social prejudices often cause rejection towards adolescents. It is alarming to see that there is a high rate of adolescents who
they present a premature pregnancy, this is due to the fact that many of them start their sexual life at an early age and in their first relationship do not use a method.
contraceptive, some believe that nothing will happen the first time, but this is just a myth and other adolescents do not use them correctly.
contraceptive methods and another percentage goes along with the moment or the pressure from their partner.
2. How does the problem occur? Early pregnancy occurs when the teenager expresses a sexual desire without taking preventive measures; that is, when she takes
the decision to have an active sex life with your partner, without considering the consequences or not using contraceptive methods effectively for not
to know them or not to use them properly. This may be due to multiple factors, among them the following: Lack of communication with their parents to
talk about their concerns regarding their biological and/or psycho-emotional changes. The feeling of loneliness, misunderstanding, low self-esteem, depression
What can cause them to be more vulnerable to accepting proposals that lead them to make a bad decision. Parents are absent for long periods due to
to work or do not live or talk with them at any moment. Family disintegration, family conflicts, poor guidance from friends who motivate or
they encourage sexual practice without reflecting on the consequences. Some teenagers watch programs with high levels of sexuality, not suitable for their age.
awakening in them curiosity, leading them to want to experience what they have seen. Lack of adult supervision in solitary spaces that can foster a
sexual encounter with the person they are attracted to. The use and abuse of alcohol or other drugs could also be the causes of an early pregnancy since
under the influence of these, it disinhibits them from reality. And finally for sexual assault.
3. Who is involved and how? Firstly, the adolescents, as they start an early sexual life, although most know that there can be various
consequences such as sexually transmitted diseases, or pregnancy, do not measure the magnitude of their actions. Similarly, the parents are involved or
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Tutors, due to a lack of communication, supervision, boundaries, and being too permissive with their children, who in their great majority will end up supporting the
economy of the teenager and the baby. The health sector plays a very important role that should look for ways to reach people, implementing
programs, workshops, campaigns within schools, thus ensuring good sexual education for adolescents as well as the community in general.
Schools must also effectively influence adolescents by employing various strategies that raise their awareness of the importance of taking care.
her body, awakening in them new life projects, inspiring them for a better future. The municipal authorities and the community are important
that they work together, in communication networks and support with different institutions. Rescue values, implement various activities of
recreation that awakens new visions and perspectives in adolescents for a better future.
4. What happens if the problem is not addressed? The rates of teenage pregnancies increase, leading to unwanted children due to various factors, as they are not
Preparing adolescents for the process of pregnancy could lead to death in the mothers, in the offspring, or both, as well as malformations.
or illnesses in the baby. Another situation that arises is the difficulties of personal overcoming, as many adolescents have to abandon the
school, because their parents do not support them or due to shame, ridicule, or prejudice, causing them to not complete their basic education; limiting them in the future
to obtain a good job and a better quality of life. There will be more practices of home and clandestine abortions that put the lives of adolescents at risk.
or cause them irreversible damage such as sterility, psychological and social problems. Likewise, the adolescents whose parents withdraw their support
economic and moral support and no longer allow them to live in their homes, leaving them to their fate, in their struggle for survival they agree to proposals from other people
malicious individuals involve them in drug dealing and consumption or prostitution.
5. What other factors are involved? The socioeconomic level, as some adolescents coming from homes with scarce resources find
friends who advise them incorrectly and create an ideology that their life could be better with a partner and agree to maintain a relationship
intimate without being aware of the consequences. The excess of freedom and lack of parental authority, where there is no control and oversight of their actions,
in addition to the lack of communication and the absence of value practice by both parties. Means of communication such as television, internet, social networks, which
they transmit misleading messages, where they present issues of adolescents in which they sometimes address topics such as teenage pregnancy and resolve them
a simple way without truly presenting the consequences such as the rebellion of the teenager feeling autonomous and challenging the rules and values that are imposed on them.
they are instilled in their home because currently certain friendships make them believe that these are outdated. Uninvolved parents, who think they are
modern parents who prefer not to deal with a child's tantrum, grant them deliberate freedoms or permissions. Parties where indulgence is exercised,
There is the sale and consumption of alcohol or other drugs that lead adolescents to be unaware of their actions, even leading them to promiscuity.
Tasks. Elvia Quijano Herrera. Teacher Alicia N. Avilés and Tun. 2020.

Annex 2: instructions for making a conceptual map (belongs to activity 5 just to remind you to create a conceptual map

To create a concept map, the following steps must be followed:

1.- Identify and locate the central theme

2.- Select the words that express the main ideas or concepts
3.-For the secondary concepts, identify the key words that constitute
the main concepts
4.- Determine the examples of each of the secondary concepts
5.- Design the map in the following order:
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Place the central theme at the top of the map

Place the main ideas or concepts and outline the corresponding connections with the central theme
Select and write the descriptors for each of the drawn connections
In the third level, place the specific or secondary concepts of each of the main concepts and ideas.
Trace the connections and write the corresponding descriptors
Place the examples at the last level

Appendix 3.- guide to create a problem tree. Following the instructions, create your own. Corresponds to activity 7.
Also known as tree method, problem tree technique, situational analysis or problem analysis, this tool allows us to map or
diagram the problem. The structure of a problem tree is:

The causes of the problem are found in the roots.

The trunk represents the main problem.
On the leaves and branches are the effects or consequences
It is a way to represent the problem, allowing one to understand at a glance what is happening (main problem), why it is happening (causes), and
What this is causing (the effects or consequences), which allows us to do various things in project planning, as you will see.
continuation on the advantages.

Annex 4. and 5: Example of a documentary work sheet (belongs to activity 8. Using the APA guide.
Cause 1. Engaging in sexual relations at an early age.
Uribe, Covarrubia, and Andrade (2008) state that sexual behavior is not an individual matter but rather a relational-cultural issue of exchange.
intimate experiences. The theoretical reference used in this study is Bronfenbrenner, who mentions that the individual and their development are in constant
interaction with the immediate contexts around him, so it can be understood that the personal elements of the adolescent (perception, knowledge, meanings,
beliefs, values, interests) are in constant interaction with their cultural environment, within which family and friends are elements of interaction
important and influence the development of their sexual behavior Regarding sexual debut Brito and Rodríguez (2003) report that the majority of the
adolescents have their first sexual relationship between the ages of 11 and 16. In the context of national culture, we can consider that this sexual practice is dominated.
for the man, over the woman.
The inner dynamics of the family, especially the communication between parents and children, is
associated with the sexual behaviors of adolescents, likewise friends are a factor
important in the development of behaviors, particularly because they promote behaviors
sexual in many occasions at risk.
Díaz, Torrente, and Ramírez (2011) present in the study the epidemiological profile of sexual and reproductive health of a group of schooled adolescents: it makes
reference to sexual behavior at 32% had experienced sexarchy, the minimum age for this was 9 years and the maximum was 18 years, the most
frequent in which they experienced sexual arousal was at 15 years old, followed by 14 years old, and 50% of adolescents lived this experience at 14.5%.
a total of 46% had three or more sexual partners in the year prior to the survey, 20% had two partners, and 34% had only one. With love being the greatest
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
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motivation for having coital relationships and love and pleasure at 42%. Regarding alcohol consumption and intimate relationships, 3% expressed that they almost always
had sexual relations under the effects of alcohol and 24% were occasional. Of those surveyed, 26 had a history of pregnancy (from the student or the partner)
if he is a man), 42% of pregnancies occurred at a young age, 5 students (2.1%) reported having suffered from infections of
sexual transmission
Ruiz, López, Carlos, Calatrava, Irala and Osorio (2012) refer to Family, friends and other sources of information related to the beginning of relationships.
sexual behavior in adolescents in El Salvador, aimed to verify how it influences the initiation of sexual activity among Salvadoran youth
the messages they receive about issues of sexuality, affection, and leisure through family, friends, and the media, in the study association
the onset of early relationships leads to having more partners throughout life, which carries a higher risk of pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, due to
which presents these variables as a public health problem in most countries. Based on a study that mentions that at the age of
At the age of 13, teenagers begin to engage in early sexual relationships, presenting this as a challenge for health policies in this country.
Lock and Vincent (1997) analyzed the direct and indirect effects of demographic and psychosocial factors on female adolescents from a rural area in the
decision to commit or not to premarital sexual relationships. It was determined that age, family structure, partner influence, commitment
with the partner and sexual attitude, had direct effects on premarital sexual relationships. Race, religiosity, attitude towards sexual roles, the
Knowledge about reproduction and parent-child communication had significant indirect effects on premarital sexual relationships.
Paraphrase:
The previous authors state that the family context, friends, and the education that adolescents receive from their parents are determining factors to prevent or
to start a sexual life at an early age.
The most common age for adolescents to start their sexual life is 15 years, resulting in 40% experiencing an unwanted pregnancy.
Bibliographic reference.
Link is not translatable content.
Tasks. Elvia Quijano Herrera. Teacher Alicia N. Avilés Y Tun. 2020

Annex 6: Example of physical delimitation. Determination of activities, methodology and techniques, and activities to be carried out.

Physical delimitation.

A play called 'The Cry of Two Girls' will be presented; it is a melodrama that addresses the life of a student who becomes pregnant and has to leave.
the school due to the mockery and disdain from her classmates.
A "booth" will be set up where information will be provided about the risks and how to prevent early pregnancy.
At the end of the project, a test with 6 items will be applied to assess whether the activity had any positive impact on the community.

Physical location and spatial coverage

This event will be held on June 4, 2020, at 6:00 p.m. in the courtyard of the Municipal Palace of Teabo, located in the south of the state of Yucatán, 84.3 km away.
from Mérida, Yucatán.
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
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Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Determination of the deadlines or activity schedule

Activities Date Hour

Presentation of the work June 4, 2020 6:00 p.m.
Distribution of brochures June 4, 2020 6:00 p.m
Survey application for evaluation June 04, 2020 At the end of the
the work work.
Operational specification of the activities and tasks to be performed

Activity Date Day Day Day DayDay

Request for permission from the City Council to conduct fieldwork on April 18, 2020.
Teabo community.
Request for permission to the Director of the Health Center to access data. April 18, 2020.
Visit the community of Teabo to understand its context and needs. April 20, 2020.
Team meeting to gather information May 6, 2020.
Structuring and writing of the project. May 9, 2020.
Conclusion of the project writing May 18, 2020.
Essay on the work May 19, 24, and 30, 2020.
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Presentation of the work, distribution of brochures, and application of the [Link] 4, 2020
Concentrated results of the test (evaluation) June 6, 2020.
Methods and techniques to be used: The methodological process used in this social project is based on the author María del Carmen Mendoza Rangel.
composed of the descriptive research phase (contact with the community, interviews, tour of the area, etc.); using the field diary.
photographs, monographs, surveys, as instruments
Determination of the necessary resources

The work will be carried out by 4 students from the Bachelor's Degree in Social Work, Narrator: René Guerrero Zaldívar; Pregnant student: Yaneth
Quijano Herrera
Peet
Romero.
Material and Technical Resources

# Props for the play. # Resources

1 1 table 7 Information stand
2 3 chairs 8 Triptychs
3 Baby carrier 9 Surveys
4 Baby (doll) 10 Advertising banners
5 Sound 11 100 chairs for spectators
6 Platform
Tasks

Annex 7: preparation of the budget for the execution of the project

Calculation of execution costs and budget preparation

# Props Cost
1 1 table $ 0.0
2 3 chairs $ 0.0
3 Baby carrier $ 0.0
4 Baby (doll) $ 0.0
5 2 canvases $ 300.00
6 Platform $ 2,100.00
7 Speaker with microphone $250.00
 Undersecretariat of Upper Secondary Education
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8 Periphony $150.00
9 Triptychs and surveys $150.00
10 3 boxes of pens $111.60
100 Chair Rental $200.00
11 Transport (Mérida-Teabo) $800.00 (2 visits)
$4,061.60
Unexpected events 5% (203.08)
$4,264.68

Annex 8.- format to integrate the parts of your project.

1.- PROJECT TITLE

2) STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.

3.- FOUNDATION OR JUSTIFICATION (WHY IT IS DONE, REASON FOR BEING AND ORIGIN OF THE PROJECT)).
of the project, (what you researched or know about the problem)

4.- INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK (ORGANIZATION RESPONSIBLE FOR EXECUTION) (Who will do it)
Here you hold yourselves accountable.

[Link] OBJECTIVES (WHY IT IS DONE) (What they want to achieve with the program)
The main objective, also called the general objective, is the central purpose of the project.
.

The specific objectives, immediate or complementary, are specifications or steps (in certain circumstances of
intermediate character) that must be given to achieve or consolidate objectives (WHAT IS EXPECTED TO BE OBTAINED)
1.-
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2.-

3.-

C. GOALS (HOW MUCH YOU WANT TO ACHIEVE)Here it is toned with a percentage, what percent % do you think you will achieve
1.-

2.-

3.-

F. -BENEFICIARIES (WHO IT IS ADDRESSED TO)

G.- PHYSICAL LOCATION AND SPATIAL COVERAGE (WHERE IT WILL BE DONE, WHAT IT WILL COVER)
Macro-location (Which will cover)

Micro-localization (where they will do it)

DETERMINATION OF DEADLINES OR ACTIVITY CALENDAR

Activities Date Hour

OPERATIONAL SPECIFICATION OF THE ACTIVITIES AND TASKS TO BE CARRIED OUT

 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
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Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Activity Date Day Day Day DayDay

6 DETERMINATION OF THE NECESSARY RESOURCES (WHO AND WITH WHAT THE PROJECT WILL BE CARRIED OUT, INPUTS):Humans; (Which people or profession
they are going to support you

MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

# Props for the play. # Resources

Tasks. Elvia Quijano Herrera. Teacher Alicia N. Avilés Y Tun. 2020

BUDGET FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT

Calculation of execution costs and budget preparation

# Utility Cost
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
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Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Services Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

THIRD PARTIAL. Essential Competence No. 4. Select organizations to incubate and sponsor the social micro-entrepreneurship project.

The Civil Society Organizations.

As a first element, you must understand what civil society organizations are; for this, we retrieve the information found in the Federal Law of
Promotion of Activities Carried Out by Civil Society Organizations in our country, on the federal government website, specifically
at the National Institute of Social Development:

Civil society organizations are groups formed by individuals, based on associative ties that can carry out activities of
defense and respect for human rights, support or assistance to third parties without profit motives or party political, electoral or religious proselytism, that do not
they pursue personal benefits rather than social community ones. Essentially, their origin responds to the right of every member of society to exercise their
citizen participation as the key to greater co-responsibility between governments and citizens.

For mayor information consultation: Unable to access the provided URL to extract text for translation.
Civil society organizations are groups formed by individuals created for purposes that are social, political, electoral, or religious.
0no

In Social Work, we identify organizations as:

Private Assistance Institutions
Non-Governmental Organizations

Let's see what we mean by each of them.

Private Assistance Institutions: It is the grouping of individuals who voluntarily constitute themselves under the terms of the Law of Private Assistance Institutions.
and whose members contribute periodic fees for the maintenance of the institution. Thus, private assistance institutions are legal entities, with assets
own and carry out acts of humanitarian assistance, without profit motive and without individually designating the beneficiaries.

Private assistance institutions can be Associations or Foundations.

Non-Governmental Organizations: NGOs are organizations that emerged in the early 1960s made up of citizens who do not belong to institutions.
governmental, nor to political parties. Initially, these organizations begin to have a presence within the UN and are referred to as Bodies
Non-Governmental Organizations, with the purpose of identifying and differentiating them from other organizations or representatives that acted there on behalf of some of
the member governments of the UN.
Most NGOs are born in the academic field (mainly universities and research centers) or, in some cases, as a product and influence.
from the Catholic Church. At the beginning, their work focused on the dissemination and promotion of the defense of human rights and they used the spaces provided
the UN to file complaints against governments that violated human rights.
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
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In Mexico, these types of organizations began to emerge in the mid-seventies, and their main demands are the freedom of the imprisoned and the disappeared.
for political reasons.
Subsequently, as a result of the earthquakes of 1985, a large number of NGOs emerged with the objectives of combating inequality and discrimination against the
women, children, and indigenous people; thus they have been modifying and expanding their field of activities and to date they are not only concerned with providing attention to groups
marginalized and vulnerable, but also conduct research on the sectors they serve.
An important difference that exists between NGOs and private assistance institutions is that for NGOs, participation and organization are important.
the population, affected. That is to say, NGOs seek to ensure that the population actively participates in the solutions to their problems. While the
private assistance institutions focus on providing help in kind.

Areas in which NGOs work:

Health
Environment
Housing
Human Rights
Alternative Technologies
Popular Education
Productive Projects

Population they serve:

The genre
Youth
Older Adults
Childhood
disability
The Indigenous
Among others

Some NGOs in our country:

. Democratic Lawyers A.C.
. Mexican Academy of Human Rights A.C.
. Fray Bartolomé de las Casas Human Rights Center
. Women Support Center 'Margarita Magón'
. National Center for Indigenous Missions Assistance
. Collective for the fight against Violence towards Women
. Collective for the Support of Childhood Development
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
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. Education with the Street Child

. Pueblo A.C. Team
. Environmental Studies Group A.C.
. Promotion of Health Services and Popular Education A.C.
. Foundation "Heberto Castillo Martínez" A.C.

2. Barranco Sotelo, Judith, Vivanco González, Kattya (2011) Support material for the training of technicians in Social Work, CETIS No. 5, City of
Mexico.

For more information, consult the following video:Unable to access or translate content from URLs.
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
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Subdirection of Academic Innovation

It is important to understand why civil society organizations are created and their connection to the primary objective of Social Work.

Citizens aware of their reality and determined to join forces, share objectives, and take action for themselves, their families, and communities.
being able to live better is the fundamental basis for promoting development and civil society organizations (CSOs) have their greatest and most valuable tool.
of social change to open doors out of poverty and marginalization.

Steps to create a Civil Society Organization

If you want to create an NGO and help establish a better future, with equal opportunities and where everyone can make the most of their capabilities,
The National Institute of Social Development helps you to do it.

Steps to create a Civil Society Organization

First Step. Define the main points.

The corporate purpose of your Civil Society Organization, that is, the main activity they will carry out.
Number of members of the organization.
The legal figure that suits them best: civil association, private assistance institution, private charity institution, civil society, association of
private charity, foundation or other.
The financing mechanisms, the way they will obtain resources to carry out their activities.
The legal representatives.
Causes and procedure for the liquidation of the OSC, in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Law on the Promotion of Activities Carried Out by Organizations
from Civil Society.
Stipulations regarding the organization's assets, their destination, and the non-distribution of the remaining public support and incentives they receive.
among its associates.

Second Step. Establish your social organization

Obtain authorization for the incorporation of companies through the Portal[Link] dependent on the Secretariat of
Economy, through which you can submit name proposals for your OSC.

Third Step. Go to a public notary

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Go to a public notary and prepare the deed or charter of your NGO, which must include the following information:
Full names of the associates
Name (business name) of the organization, followed by the legal figure adopted: AC, IAP, IBP, SC, ABP, SC, foundation or other.
Activities to which she will be dedicated
Rights and obligations of the members
Explanation of how the organs of the OSC (general assembly and board of directors) are integrated and function
Names and powers of the legal representatives

Fourth Step. Register with the SAT

Go to the Tax Administration Service (SAT) and obtain your registration certificate for the Federal Taxpayers Registry (RFC).

Fifth Step. Obtain your CLUNI

Go to [Link] and request the Unique Key for Registration in the Federal Registry of Civil Society Organizations (CLUNI).

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Civil society organizations are groups constituted by individuals who come together in order to achieve a common goal, regardless of whether it is political, electoral, or religious.
and no

Note: consider the social project, generated in previous periods, which will help to carry out the organization of civil society.

For more information, check the following video: [Link]

 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
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Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Sponsorship for social projects

What is sponsorship? "Sponsorship is an advertising strategy in which an organization (sponsor) commits to delivering
financing to a third party (sponsored) in exchange for them presenting their brand or product.

Sponsorship consists of an agreement or contract between two parties (legal or physical) in which one of the parties, called the sponsor, will provide a
compensation (monetary or material) to another called sponsored, in order for the latter to publicly display the chosen product.

There are different authors who consider the phases for transitioning to the sponsorship of the project or social projects:

ATTENTION

2. INTEREST

3. DESIRE

4. ACTION

Check the videos for more elements: [Link]

Unable to access or translate content from URLs.

Strategies to finance social projects:

For this, you can go to institutions that have experience in training professionals in non-profit activities in the art of fundraising, such as the
Association of Professionals in Collection of Funds (Association of Fundraising Professionals - AFP
[Link]/audiences/[Link]?navltemNumber=510 points out Mexico and the chapter that interests you the most), Procura A.C. ([Link]), Foundation
Zícaro ([Link]. [Link]),Centro de Recursos Internacionales para OSCs ([Link] Merced y Foundation
([Link]). In addition, the National Institute of Social Development organizes a Professionalization Diploma for NGOs in various states of
the Republic, called and taught by the organizations themselves and experts on various topics. Specific information about this Diploma can be
find at [Link] or [Link] during the call for the Diploma (between April and June of each year).
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
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In Mexico, more than 80% of the resources that associations work with are self-generated, meaning they come from the contributions of their members.
volunteers, sale of materials and provision of services. Public funding accounts for about 8% and philanthropic donations for 6.5% of the resources.
of civil society organizations (CSOs). This perspective is not encouraging for non-profit activities, as in other parts of the world, associations
They finance 11% of their activities with private funds and up to 40% with public resources.
Public and private resources are not mutually exclusive, and most donors will seek to support you if your organization is non-profit --- it is
to say, if surpluses are not distributed among the associates--, if all resources are allocated to the social purpose, if no activities with profit-making aims are carried out,
partisans or religious, and if once the organization is dissolved, the assets are granted to similar organizations and not distributed among its members, as happens
with other lucrative figures.
These clauses are defined in the model bylaws. Furthermore, it is sought that the government somehow regulates that all organizations that claim to be
non-profit organizations aimed at social purposes must meet certain minimum requirements.
The Federal Law for the Promotion of Activities carried out by NGOs and the Income Tax Law are some of the federal laws that regulate the
activities of civil society organizations.
Starting in 2005, all federal public instances that provide support, incentives, and resources to civil society organizations require them to register in the Federal Registry.
from OSC, which is coordinated by the National Institute of Social Development (INDESOL).
The Unique Registration Key (CLUNI) is the proof of being registered in the Registry, and it will increasingly become a requirement to obtain support.
part of the federal government, that is to say, public funding.
On the other hand, if you want your organization to receive donations from individuals or companies, it will be common for them to request that their donations be able to
to be tax deductible. To issue these receipts, an association must be an authorized donor by the Tax Administration Service (SAT) of the
Secretary of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP).
To register in these records, you must not only meet the requirements and carry out the necessary procedures, but the organization must understand in advance.
the obligations incurred upon registering with the Registry and/or becoming an authorized donor. Fulfilling these obligations incurs monetary and time costs.
And efforts that could even surpass the benefits you obtain from the public or private resources you receive.
You should discuss with your group the most suitable strategy to finance your activities and only carry out the procedures if you consider them essential and if your
the organization is ready to assume the respective obligations.
It is necessary to clarify that none of these procedures are mandatory for civil organizations and that if they choose not to carry them out, they are not breaking the law.
That is to say, the organization can be legally constituted without being an authorized donor and without being registered in the Federal Registry of Civil Society Organizations and fulfilling all the requirements.
requirements imposed by law. It will rather be the requirements that your donors may place on you that will lead you to consider taking other steps. Next
we analyze in detail three options to help make decisions regarding this:
Become an authorized donor
2. Register the association in the OSC registry
3. Be an authorized donor and have the OSC registration
For mayor information consultation the next link: 4.
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To obtain international cooperation, projects must be related to the sustainable development goals.
Check the video:Unable to access content from the provided link.
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
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Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Annex 9 How to create an infographic

The Infographic is a combination of synthetic, explanatory, and easy-to-understand images and texts aimed at communicating information visually to
facilitate its transmission.

In addition to illustrations, we can further assist the reader through graphs that can be understood and interpreted instantly.

Infographics are tremendously useful and essential for representing information that is difficult to understand through plain text. With a simple stroke.
From a visual perspective, even the most complicated things can be understood, and they are also easier to assimilate and remember.

The steps to create an infographic are:

Choose the theme of the infographic

The first step to creating an infographic is to choose the theme of the infographic. Some general examples of themes for creating infographics are:

. The explanation of a concept

. The explanation of a technology
. Statistical data
. Summary of a document
It is ideal for the idea to be popular on the Internet and especially on social media as this will facilitate the virality of the infographic when it is finished. Monitor
Twitter and Facebook accounts of your target audience will help you identify trending topics on social media.

2. Identify the sources of information for the infographic

. A data collection process must be carried out on the topic to be addressed. It is very important to keep track of the sources of information as they are a
important element in the infographic.
. Some sources of information to consider are: Google, blogs, YouTube, Slideshare, Twitter, Wikipedia, electronic newspapers, websites
specialized, etc.
. Online or offline surveys conducted by us can also be included among the sources of information.
. One very important aspect in this step is to validate that the information collected is true, as there are sources of information that are not very reliable. The
Government (.gov) and educational (.edu) sites are usually very good sources of information.
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3. Organize the ideas

. It is important to organize the collected information by grouping it by topic and subtopics; for this, a concept mapping program can be helpful.
. Irrelevant or uninteresting aspects should be disregarded, as this will prevent us from drowning in the sea of collected information.
the previous point.
4. Cree the infographic in gray sketch

. Once the collected information is organized, a draft of the infographic should be started. There is a very good and free program for
carry out this activity:[Link].
. It is possible that during this stage we may not realize the need to discard more information that we consider not essential for communication.
the idea we want to convey in the infographic.
. This stage is fundamental as it will give creativity and clarity to the infographic.
5. Design the infographic
In the design, the following must be taken into account:

. Original style: One should avoid copying graphic concepts from other infographics.
. Integration: An infographic should be graphically rich, avoiding designing it with too much text.
. Color: Colors with good contrast should be used to facilitate reading. An excellent tool that helps in selecting colors [Link]
. Sources: An infographic should have a creative use of fonts and font sizes. The [Link] a wide variety of sources that
can be taken as a guide.
. Icons: An infographic should contain simple images (icons) to effectively communicate. The [Link] has very good material.
6. Use tools to create infographics
The main free tools for creating infographic elements:

. CanvaIt is a web tool that allows people who are not designers to design and create images for the Internet, featuring free templates.
to easily create infographics.
. Adobe Spark:You can design infographics with Adobe Spark using templates on highlighted topics.
. [Link]:It is a tool that has a large number of templates for infographics (many of them free), ideal for those of us who are not designers.
. [Link]:Tool in Spanish that allows people who are not designers to create attractive and effective infographics. It has an option
free that allows you to create up to 5 infographics.
. PiktoChartit is a web tool that allows you to create attractive infographics using templates and objects that can be added with a simple drag and drop.
Release. It allows customizing colors and fonts with just one click, making it very easy to use. The free option is a bit limited but allows you to create infographics.
simple.
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
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Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

. [Link] is a web tool that allows you to create sophisticated infographics from templates they offer, being able to drag and drop within them.
all kinds of symbols (lines, shapes, text, own images, icons, etc) to customize the final result without losing clarity or quality. Infographics
They can be exported in pdf, jpg, png, or web formats to be shared online.
. [Link] is a tool that allows you to create different shapes with the words you choose.
If you want to know how to create an infographic with PowerPoint, you can visit the article:Creating infographics with PowerPoint, an excellent option for not
designers
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Management and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

Annex 10
Uncrucigramase is a playful activity in which words that intersect must be discovered, based on definitions or suggestions and clues.
they are generated with the knowledge of the letters of other words that we have [Link]

A crossword consists of two elements:

A grid (whose cells - normally white - have numbers associated with the "references").
References (short but precise definitions that allow them to be linked to a specific word to be located on the grid).
For the development of thegamethe player must read the references that are divided into two zones (one horizontal and the other vertical). Each reference has a
number that does not repeat and is associated with the hidden word in the crossword.
The words are interwoven in such a way that many of them can be deduced when one or more intersecting words have already been written, making it easier
in this way the assembly of the crossword. When completing the crossword, the player will keep in mind that the wordshorizontal,they are always completed
from left to right in all cases and theverticalsfrom top to bottom.
Crosswords are a very popular pastime, which is why they are published in manydiariesymagazinesAnd there are also books dedicated exclusively to
The ease or difficulty of solving a crossword puzzle usually depends on how much knowledge the person trying to solve it has.

STEPS TO CREATE THE CROSSWORD

Decide what size the grid will be. If you want it to have a more official appearance, like a standard crossword, you will need to follow certain rules.
how to use a specific size. On the other hand, if your idea is to make a more casual crossword, you can choose any size you want.
If you are going to create your crossword with an online tool or a program, you may need to adapt to the available sizes. If you do so...
So, the size will depend entirely on you.

Make a list of words for your crossword puzzle. Generally, words are chosen based on a theme of your preference. You can use that theme, or a clue about it.
this, as a title for the crossword. Some examples of common themes are: places or foreign languages, words from a specific era, famous people
and sports.

Place the words in the grid. This part of the process can seem as challenging as solving the crossword. Once you finish placing all the
words, paint the squares you did not use in black.
A typical American crossword does not have 'floating words,' meaning words that do not connect with others. At least one letter.
Each word must correspond to both a horizontal word and a vertical one, so that they are totally interconnected.
On the other hand, English-style crosswords do allow floating words.
 Undersecretariat of Upper Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

If the answer to a clue is a phrase instead of a single word, you should not leave spaces between the words.
There is no need to worry about the use of uppercase letters for proper names you use, since generally crossword puzzles are
FILL COMPLETELY WITH UPPERCASE LETTERS ALSO THE ANSWERS MUST NOT INCLUDE Punctuation SIGNS
Many programs for creating crosswords place the words automatically. The only thing you have to do is specify the size of
the grid and place the list of words and clues.

Number the square where the first letter of each word is [Link] in the upper left corner of the crossword and divide the words according to the
orientation, vertical or horizontal, so that you have '1 Vertical' and '1 Horizontal', and so on. This step alsoit can be complex, which is why many
people prefer to use a program instead of doing it manually.
If you are going to use a program to create crosswords, it will take care of the numbering automatically.

Create a copy of the crossword. This copy must retain the numbering, but the squares must be blank. If you are going to do it by hand, this step will be a bit
more laborious, but if you use a program, it will do it for you. Keep the complete crossword to use it as an answer sheet. You can make as many
copies of the blank crossword as you need.

For more information, consult: [Link]

 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation

SOURCES:
Antonio Olite IborteNeed refers to the state of lacking something essential for survival, well-being, or proper functioning. It can be a physical requirement such as food, water, or shelter, or it can be emotional or psychological, such as the need for love, acceptance, or security. Needs drive human behavior and can often be categorized into different types, such as basic needs, social needs, and self-actualization needs.
Unknown. (2015). Sustainable Development Goals. 01/16/2020, from UN and United Nations Development Programme Website:
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Dr. Carlos Gómez Gutiérrez
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Fred N. Kerlinger. (2012). definition of the problem. 16701/2020, good eras Website: [Link] maria estela reffino. (2020). definition of the problem.
16/01/2020, regarding the concept of Website:Unable to access content from the provided URL.
Guillermo Definition. (2012). beneficiary. 01/16/2021, from Definition Website:Unable to access the content of the provided URL.
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[Link]
Josefina PachecoUnable to access the content from the provided URL.
They are the related needs with two groups of previous needs.
Tasks E.T.S. Pool Uc Azeneth MOD 3 Alicia Avilés and Tun V.B. CBTIS. 80
María Estela Rufino. (07/16/2020). social entrepreneurship. 01/16/2021, from website concept:Unable to access or translate content from external links.
Social Entrepreneurship from a Psychosocial Look
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Roberto GómezThe provided input is a URL and does not contain any translatable text.
Soledad Ferrer. (2021). Social Entrepreneurship. 01/19/2021, from Coursera Website:Unable to translate the provided URL.
sustainable-social-canvas/lecture/qxyFO/introduction-to-social-entrepreneurship
Laura Fisher and Jorge Espejo[Link]
[Link]

The provided text is a URL and does not contain translatable content.
Civil society organizations are groups constituted by individuals, regardless of their political, electoral, or religious affiliations.
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Barranco Sotelo, Judith, Vivanco González, Kattya (2011) Support material for the training of technicians in Social Work, CETIS No. 5, Mexico City.
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[Link]
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Tasks
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Service Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation
 Undersecretary of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Industrial and Services Technological Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation
 Undersecretariat of Higher Secondary Education
General Directorate of Technological Industrial and Services Education
Academic Direction and Educational Innovation
Subdirectorate of Academic Innovation