Topic: Prequalified Connections at the Moment

Standard: ANSI/AISC 358-10

Eng. Eliud Hernández

Prequalified Connection to Bolted Flange Plate (BFP)

Continuation of the Special Portal Example at Moment (SMF)

Definition of the beam to be used in the connection: IPE-360

Properties: Material quality:

d ≔ 360mm Type of steelASTM A36

bbf≔ 170 Fyb≔ 250MPa Fub≔ 400MPa

3
Zx≔ 1019cm
Ry≔ 1.5 Rt≔ 1.2
tbf≔ 12.7mm
Fyb+ Fub
t≔ 8mm C≔
pr ――― = 1.3 Cpr≤ 1.20
2⋅ Fyb
rb≔ 18mm
Curvature between the wing
and the soul ⎛ Fyb+ Fub ⎞
Cpr≔ min ⎜ ――― , 1.20=⎟ 1.2
⎝ 2⋅ Fyb ⎠

L ≔ 6.4m
Definition of gravitational charge
improvement on the beam:

kN
Q ≔ 39.32 ――
m

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Definition of the column in the connection: HEB-360

Properties: Material quality:

dc≔ 360mm Type of steelASTM A36

bcf ≔ 300mm Fyc≔ 250MPa

tcf≔ 22.5mm Fuc ≔ 400MPa

tcw≔ 12.5 Ryc≔ 1.5

2
Ac≔ 181cm

Definition of the wing plate material:

Fyp≔ 250MPa Fup≔ 400MPa

Modulus of Elasticity of Steel

E ≔ 200000MPa

Definition of resistance factors according to the ANSI/AISC 358-10 standard:

ϕd≔ 1.00 For ductile limit states.

ϕn≔ 0.90 For non-ductile limit states.

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Topic: Prequalified Connections at the Moment
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Connection Design

Step 1. Calculation of the maximum probable moment of the beam at the plastic hinge:

Mpr≔ Cpr⋅ Ry ⋅ Fyb⋅ Zx= 458.55kN⋅ m

Step 2. Calculation of the maximum bolt diameter to prevent a failure in the beam's flange due to
breakage, under tension loads.

bbf ⎛ Ry⋅ Fyb ⎞

db_max ≔――⋅ ⎜1 −――― − 3mm = 15.594 mm
2 ⎝ Rt⋅ Fub ⎟⎠

Then, a selection is made of a 5

d≔ ― 15.875mm
b in=
test diameter 8

Step 3. Configuration of the wing plate including bolt arrangement and resistance.

3.1 Estimation of the wing plate thickness

tp≔ 25mm Estimated thickness

of the iron

3.2 Quality of the bolt: ASTM A490

It is considered that the thread is excluded from the cutting plane.

Fnv ≔ 579MP Nominal cut tension, according to table J3.2 of the

ANSI/AISC 360-10 Standard

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3.3 Minimum shear resistance in the bolts considering the limit state of crushing.

2
db 2
b π ⋅ ――= 1.979cm
A≔
4

rn_1≔ F⋅ Ab= 114.603kN Nominal shear resistance

of the bolt.

rn_2≔ 2.4⋅ Fub⋅ db⋅ tbf= 193.548kN Limit shear resistance of the bolt due to the
crushing of the beam's flange

rn_3≔ 2.4⋅ Fup⋅ db⋅ tp= 381kN Shear limit resistance of the bolt due to the
crushing of the wing plate.

r≔ ⎛⎝ , rn_2, rn_3= 114.603kN

n min rn_1 ⎞⎠ Minimum shear resistance of the bolt.

3.4 Minimum distance table between the center of the hole of the connected part and the edge of
plate, based on the diameter of the pin.

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3.5 Bolt arrangement and width of the wing plate

a) Longitudinal disposition

db= 15.875mm Smin_Borde≔ 22 m S0≔ 10mm

S2≔ 25mm ⎛⎝ 2S
ifS> min_Borde ⎞⎠
, Ok” , Does Not Comply= Ok

S1≔ S2+ S0= 35mm

On the other hand, the spacing between rows of bolts, s, must be greater than or equal to 3 times the
diameter of the selected pen

Smin_Axes≔ 3⋅ db= 47.625mm SAxes≔ 50

ifS⎛⎝Axes> Smin_Axes, Ok” , Does Not Comply= Ok ⎞⎠

S ≔ SAxes= 50mm

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b) Cross disposition

bbf= 170mm g ≔ 90mm

bbf− g
S≔
3 ――― = 40mm
2

Smin_Borde≔ 22mm

ifS⎛⎝ min_Bedge ≤ S,3Ok” , Does Not Comply= Ok⎞⎠

S4≔ 75mm

bp≔ g + 2 ⋅ S4= 240mm

Step 4. Estimate the minimum required number of pins per shear in the wings.

Then, it is selected
1.25 ⋅ Mpr
nmin ≔――――― = 14.434 the number of bolts ≔ 16
ϕ ⋅ r⋅ nd +⎛⎝ t p ⎞⎠ to use:

Step 5. Define the length of the plastic ruler

⎛ ⎞
Sh≔ S1+ S ⋅
⎜2―
− 1= 385mm
⎟⎠

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Topic: Qualified Connections at the Moment
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Eng. Eliud Hernández

Step 6. Calculation of the cutting force in the plastic ball joint:

Sh= 0.385m Distance from the face of the column

until the plastic kneecap, which occurs
where the stiffener ends

Lh≔ L − 2Sh− dc= 5.27m Free length between plastic joints.

Gravitational cut in the plastic patella.

Q ⋅ Lh The portion between the kneecap is disregarded.
V≔
g ―― = 103.608kN
2 plastic and the face of the wing of the column.

Mpr
p 2 ―― = 174.023kN
V≔ Cut by capacity in the knee joint
Lh plastic.

Vu≔ Vp+ Vg= 277.631kN Maximum expected cut on the patella

plastic.

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Eng. Eliud Hernández

Step 7. Calculate the expected moment on the face of the column.

Mf≔ Mpr+ Vu⋅ Sh= 565.438kN⋅ m

Step 8. Calculation of the force on the wing panel due to the moment Mf

Mf ⎛ 3
⎞
F≔
pr ――― = ⎝1.469 ⋅ 10⎠ kN
⎛⎝ d + t p ⎞⎠

Step 9. Confirm the number of bolts selected earlier

Fpr
n = 16 nreq ≔―― = 14.239
ϕ n⋅ r n

⎛⎝ n, Ok”
ifn≥ req , Does Not Comply= Ok ⎞⎠

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Eng. Eliud Hernández

Step 10. Checking the thickness of the wing sheet

Fpr
tp= 25mm tp_req ≔―――― = 24.478mm
ϕd ⋅ Fyp⋅ bp

⎛⎝ pt
ift≥ p_req , Ok, Does Not Comply = Ok⎞⎠

Step 11. Check the wing plate for tensile rupture

2
Ag≔ bp⋅ tp= 60cm Thick area of the wing plate

da≔ db+ 3mm= 18 5mm Diameter of the hole

2
An≔ Ag− 2 ⋅ da⋅ tp= 50.563cm Net area of the wing plate

U ≔ 1.00 U = 1.0 for members subjected to loads of

traction transmitted directly by its section
transversal through bolts or welds

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2
Ae≔ U⋅ An= 50.563cm Effective area of the wing panel

⎛ ⋅ 10⎠ kN3 ⎞
Rn≔ Fup⋅ Ae= ⎝2.023 Nominal breaking resistance of the
wing board

⎛
ϕn⋅ Rn= ⎝1.82⋅ 10⎠ kN ⎞
3
Reduced nominal resistance to rupture of
the wing plate

ifϕ⎛⎝ ⋅ nR≥ F,n Ok”pr, Does Not Comply= Ok ⎞⎠

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Step 12. Shear check for the wing plate and beam wing

12.1 Shear block check of the wing plate

The available resistance for the limit state of failure due to shear block is determined
through the following possible failure mechanisms:

Case 1: Failure in the internal area of the wing plate

⎛ ⎞
LV≔ S2+ S ⋅ LT≔ g = 90mm
⎜2― ⎟⎠
− 1= 0.3 5m

2
Agv≔ 2 ⋅ tp⋅ LV= 187.5cm Thick area to cut

⎛n ⎞ 2
Anv≔ Agv− tp⋅ da⋅ Net area at cut
⎜2―
− 0.5= 152.109cm
⎟⎠

Agt≔ LT⋅ tp= 22.5c Thick area under tension

2
Ant≔ Agt− tp⋅ da= 17.781cm Net traction area

Ubs≔ 1.00

⎛⎝ F⋅ A+upU⋅ F⋅nvA, 0.6bs⋅ F⋅ A+ ⎛ 3

⎞
Rn_1≔ min0.6⋅ up U⋅ntF⋅ A= ⎝3.524⋅
yp 10⎠
gv kN bs up nt ⎞⎠

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Case 2: Failure at the outer edges of the wing panel

⎛ ⎞
LV≔ S2+ S ⋅ LT≔ S4= 75mm
⎜⎝ ―
− 1= 375mm
2 ⎟⎠

2
Agv ≔ 2 ⋅ tp⋅ LV= 187.5cm Thick area to cut

⎛n ⎞ 2
Anv≔ Agv− tp⋅ da⋅
⎜2―
− 0.5= 152.109cm
⎟⎠

Agt≔ 2 ⋅ LT⋅ tp= 37.5cm Thick traction area

2
Ant≔ Agt− tp⋅ da= 32.781cm Net traction area

Ubs≔ 1.00

⎛⎝ F ⎛ 3
⎞
Rn_2≔ min0.6⋅ up U⋅ F⋅ A= ⎝4.124⋅
+upU⋅ F⋅ A, 0.6bs⋅ F⋅ A+ yp 10⎠
gv kNbs up nt ⎞⎠

Then:

R≔ ⎛⎝ , Rn_2= ⎝3.524⋅ ⎛ kN
⎞⎠ 10⎠
3
⎞ ⎛
ϕn⋅ Rn= ⎝3.171 ⋅ 10⎠ kN⎞
3
n in Rn_1

ifϕ⎛⎝ ⋅ nR≥ F,n Ok”pr, Not fulfilled= Ok ⎞⎠

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12.2 Shear check of the wing of the beam

The available resistance for the limit state of shear block rupture in the wing of the
The beam is determined based on the following failure mechanism.

⎛n ⎞
LV≔ S2+ S ⋅ L ≔ S3= 40mm
⎜2― ⎟⎠
− 1= 375mm

Agv≔ 2 ⋅ tbf⋅ LV= 95.25cm Thick area to cut

⎛n ⎞
Anv≔ Agv− tbf⋅ da⋅ Net area to cut
⎜2―
− 0.5= 77.272c
⎟⎠

2
Agt≔ 2 ⋅ LT⋅ tbf= 10.16cm Thick area under tension

2
Ant≔ A− tbf⋅ da= 7.763 cm Net area for traction

Ubs≔ 1.00

⎛⎝ F⋅ A+ U⋅ ⎛ 3
⎞
R≔
n min0.6⋅ nv 0.6 ⋅bsF⋅ A+
up F⋅ A, F⋅ A= ⎝1.739⋅
up U⋅ nt yp 10⎠
gv kN bs up nt ⎞⎠

⎛
ϕn⋅ Rn= ⎝1.565 ⋅ 10⎠ kN⎞
3
Reduced nominal resistance

ifϕ⎛⎝ ⋅ R≥ F,n Ok”pr, Does Not Comply= Ok ⎞⎠

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Step 13. Wing plate compression check

According to the requirements of the ANSI/AISC 358-10 standard, check for buckling at
compression of the wing plate of the beam can take its effective length KL as
0.65 S1.

K ≔ 0.65 Factor of L ≔ S1= 3.5cm Length

effective length effective

3
bp⋅ tp 4 2
I≔
p ――― = 31.25cm Inertia of the Ap≔ bp⋅ tp= 60cm Area of the
12 iron Iron

Ip
r≔ ― = 0.722cm Turning radius of
Ap the iron

K⋅L
Then, the slenderness of the plate is defined. Eiron ≔―― = 3.152
r

The slenderness limit of the plate to define whether inelastic buckling occurs or
elastic is the following:

E
Elimit≔ 4.71 ⋅ ―― = 133.219
Fyp

ifE⎛⎝ iron≤ Elimit, Inelastic Bending” , Elastic Band= Inelastic Bend ⎞⎠

It can also be expressed as a function of the yield stress quotient.

elastic buckling tension, in the following form:

2
π ⋅E ⎛ kN Fyp
⋅ 10⎠ ⎞ ――
8
F≔
e ――― 2
= ⎝1.986 ――= 0.001
Eiron m
2 Fe

⎛ Fyp ⎞
if ⎜ ―― ≤ 2.25 , Inelastic Bending” , Elastic Band = Inelastic Bend
⎟
⎝ Fe ⎠

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By making a change of variables, it can be stated in a simpler way:

Eiron Fyp
λ c≔ ――― ⋅
―― = 0.035
π E

ifλ⎛⎝ ≤c1.5 , Inelastic Bend” , Elastic Band = Inelastic Bending

⎞⎠

⎛ λ
2
0.877 ⎞ ⎛ 5 kN Critical Tension
⎞ ――
Fcr≔ ifλc≤ 1.5, 0.658 ⋅ F, c
⎜ yp ――2 ⋅ F=yp⎝2.499
⎟ ⋅ 10⎠
2 of the Pandeo
⎝ λc ⎠ m

ϕn = 0.9 ⎛ ⋅ 10⎠ kN3 ⎞

⋅ Fcr= ⎝4.523 Compression resistance

⎛ 10⎠ kN3 ⎞
ϕn⋅ Pn= ⎝4.07⋅ Reduced nominal resistance to compression

ifϕ⎛⎝ ⋅ nP≥ F,n Ok,prDoes Not Comply = Ok ⎞⎠

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Step 14. Check the connection to the cut in the soul of the beam

14.1 Bolt quality: ASTM A325

It is considered that the thread is excluded from the cutting plane.

Fnv≔ 457MPa Nominal cutting tension, according to table J3.2 of the

Standard ANSI/AISC 360-10

14.2 Bolt strength: ASTM A325

5
d≔ ― 15.875mm
b in= Diameter of the bolt
8

da≔ db+ 3mm= 18.875 Diameter of the hole

2
db
b π ⋅ ――= 1.979cm
A≔
4

Rn≔ Fnv ⋅ Ab= 90.455kN Nominal shear strength

ϕn⋅ Rn= 81.41kN Nominal resistance

minor to court

Vu
nreq ≔――― = 3.41 Number of bolts
ϕn⋅ Rn required

n≔4 Number of bolts to be used

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14.3 Estimated thickness of the cutting plate

tp≔ 10mm

14.4 Minimum distance table between the center of the hole of the connected part and the edge of
plate, depending on the diameter of the bolt.

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14.5 Bolt arrangement and connection plate

Sborder_min≔ 26mm S1≔ 40mm S4≔ 30mm

S0 = 10mm S ≔ S0+ S4= 40mm S3 minutes≔ tbf+ rb= 30.7mm

On the other hand, the spacing between rows of bolts, s, must be greater than or equal to 3 times the
diameter of the selected bolt.

Smin_Axes≔ 3⋅ 47.625mm SAxes≔ 60mm

ifS⎛⎝Axes> Smin_Axes, Ok” , Does Not Comply= Ok ⎞⎠

S ≔ SAxes= 60mm

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Then, the length and width of the cutting board are defined.

Lp≔ 2⋅ S1+ (n − 1) ⋅ S = 260mm bp≔ 2 ⋅ S2= 80mm

d − Lp
S≔
3 ―― = 50mm ⎛⎝ 3S
ifS≥ 3_min ⎞⎠
, Ok” , Does Not Comply= Ok
2

14.6 Check of the assignment on the board

2
Ag≔ Lp⋅ tp= 26cm Thick area

Rn≔ Ag ⋅ Fyp= 650kN Nominal Resistance

ϕn⋅ Rn= 585kN

ifϕ⎛⎝ ⋅ nR≥ V, Ok”u , Does not comply= Ok ⎞⎠

14.6 Checking the break in the plate

2
An≔ Ag− n ⋅ da⋅ tp= 6:45 PMcm Net area

U= 1.0 for members subjected to loads of

U ≔ 1.00 traction transmitted directly through its section
transversal through bolts or welds

Ae≔ U⋅ An= 18.4 Effective area

Rn≔ Ae⋅ Fup= 38kN Nominal Resistance

ϕn⋅ Rn= 664.2kN Reduced Nominal Resistance

ifϕ⎛⎝ ⋅ nR≥ V,
n Ok”
u , Does not comply= Ok ⎞⎠

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14.7 Shear block check on the plate

The available resistance for the limit state of failure by shear block is determined
based on the following failure mechanism.

bp
LV≔ S1+ S ⋅ (n− 1) = 220mm ≔
T ―= 40mm
2

2
Agv ≔ tp⋅ LV= 22cm Thick area to cut

2
Anv ≔ Agv− tp⋅ da⋅ (n − 0.5) = 15.394cm Net area to cut

2
Agt≔ LT⋅ tp= 4cm Thick area under tension

2
Ant≔ Agt− 0.5 = 3.056cm Net traction area

Ubs≔ 1.00

R≔ ⎛⎝ F⋅ A+ U⋅
n min0.6⋅ up F⋅ A, 0.6 ⋅bsF⋅ A+
up U⋅ nt
F⋅ A= 452.25kN
yp gv bs up nt ⎞⎠

ϕn⋅ Rn= 407.025kN ifϕ⎛⎝ ⋅ R≥ V, Ok”u , "Not Fulfilled"= Ok ⎞⎠

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Step 15. Establish the welds in the connection

15.1 Welding between the wing plate and the column:

The wing plates must be connected to the wing of the column using welds of
complete joint penetration (CJP) groove and must be considered in critical demand. If
use a backing plate for soldering, it must be removed.

15.2 Welding between the cutting plate and the column:

The simple plan connection to the cut must be welded to the wing of the column, allowances are permitted.
full penetration groove welds (CJP) and groove welds of
partial penetration (PJP). Fillet welds could be used on both sides of the
plate, for which it would be necessary to dimension it to withstand the cutting demand
most probable.

Welding details in the connection

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2. Column side design

According to the design of special moment frames (SMF), following the guidelines
From the AISC 341-10 standard, the following must be done.

Step 1. Check the continuity plate requirements

Step 2. Check the requirements of the panel area in order to define the incorporation of
plates attached to the column's web.

Step 3. Check the moment relationship between the beam and column at the joint, in order to promote the
strong column - weak beam criterion

Note: the same procedure as in the example of the special portal is carried out.
a moment (SMF) adjusting the value of Sh and the expected cut on the plastic hinge.

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