Polyphase Rectifier Design and Analysis
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Polyphase Rectifiers
Introduction:
In the industrial world, there are applications that require a power supply of
direct current from the three-phase alternating electric grid at 50 Hz. The circuits responsible for
the devices that perform this conversion are called rectifiers.
Two types can be distinguished: controlled rectifiers and uncontrolled rectifiers.
Uncontrolled rectifiers are made exclusively of diodes. The semiconductors go
Entering cutting and driving in a natural way, due to the entry tensions. The relationship
the continuous output voltage and the effective value of the input signal are maintained
constant. The advantages of these circuits are their simplicity and reliability, as they do not require circuits.
additional control and command. The limitations of these rectifiers are that they operate only
in the first quadrant and provide a large content of harmonics to the line current of the
three-phase network.
Controlled rectifiers are made up of thyristors. These enter conduction in a way
controlled and exit from it naturally when the current through them goes to zero.
In these rectifiers, the output voltage can be controlled and can take positive or
negatives, that is to say, these converters can work in two quadrants. A disadvantage of this
type of rectifiers require specific triggering circuits for the thyristors, which makes them
make them more complex and less reliable.
Practical activities of Polyphase Rectifiers
In principle, we will study uncontrolled rectifiers, considering that
Uc0 =U c , that is to say, exits are not considered.
Exercise 1:
Design a rectified font with a
P3 configuration
Uc =48[V]
Ic =50[ A]
First, we consider the vacuum tension
equal to the load voltage.
We calculated the peak voltage of the sinusoidal voltage of the secondary of the transformer.
q
U C0 = Vmyou
q
3
48[V]= Inmyou Vm=58.02[V]
3
where the effective voltage in the secondary of the transformer is
Vm
Vef= =40.03[V]
2
The effective value of the current in the secondary is
Industrial Electronics 2008 Page 1 of 6 In Mendoza Horacio
IC 50
IS = = =28.87
q 3
The reverse voltage in the diode is
V i =2 c o s V m =116[V]
2q
We will consider a safety margin of 50% to size the reverse voltage in the diode.
therefore
V i −max =1.5Vi=174[V]
The average current in the diode is
I C 50
ID = = =16.67[ A]
q 3
Here we also make a 30% consideration to size the average current in the diode.
therefore:
ID −max =16,671.3=21.67[ A]
The power in the secondary of the transformer...
S=qVefIS =40.03[ V]28.87[ A]=1155.6[ VA]3≈3.6[ KVA]
Exercise 2:
We repeated the calculations from the source, but considering a PD3 configuration, in order to
compare behavior.
We calculate the peak voltage of the sinusoidal voltage of the secondary of the transformer.
q
U C0 =2Vmyou
q
3
48[V]=2Vmyou Vm=29.02[V]
3
where the effective voltage in the secondary of the transformer is
Vm
Vef= =20.52[V]
2
The effective value of the intensity in the secondary is
2
q
2
IS =IC =50 =40.82[ A]
3
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The reverse voltage in the diode is
V i =2 c o s Vm=50.6[V]
2q
We will consider a safety margin of 50% to size the reverse voltage in the diode.
therefore
Vi−max =1.5Vi =75[V]
The average current in the diode is
I C 50
ID = = =16.67[ A]
q 3
Here we also make a consideration of 30% to size the average current in the diode.
therefore:
ID −max =16,671.3=21.67[ A]
The power in the secondary of the transformer...
S=VefIS =20.52[V]40.82[ A]=0.83[ KVA]3≈2.49[ KVA]
Exercise 3:
We repeated the calculations from the source, but considering an S3 configuration.
We calculate the peak voltage of the sinusoidal voltage from the secondary of the transformer.
q
U C0 = Vm
3
48[V]= VmVm=50.24[ V]
where the effective voltage in the secondary of the transformer is
Vm
Vef= =35.52[V]
2
The effective value of the current in the secondary coil is
I C q 2−1 50 8
IS = = =23.57[ A ]
2 q 2 3
The reverse voltage across the diode is
Vm [V]
V i= =50.24 =50.26[V]
2sen 2sen
2q 6
We will consider a safety margin of 50% to size the reverse voltage in the diode.
therefore
Vi−max =1.5Vi =75[V]
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The average current in the diode is
I C 50
ID =
= =16.67[ A]
q 3
Here we also make a consideration of 30% to size the average current in the diode,
therefore:
ID −max =16,671.3=21.67[ A]
The power in the secondary of the transformer...
S=VefIS =35.52[V]23.57[ A]=837[VA]3≈2.49[ KVA]
Now we compare in a table the values we calculated.
Parameter P3 PD3 S3
Uc0 48 [V] 48 [V] 48 [V]
Ic 50 [A] 50 [A] 50 [A]
Is 28.86 [A] 41 [A] 23.57 [A]
Web 41.04 [V] 20.52 [V] 35.52 [V]
Vi-max 175 [V] 75 [V] 75 [V]
ID-max 21.6 [A] 21.6 [A] 21.6 [A]
Pc 2.4 [KVA] 2.4 [KVA] 2.4[KVA]
S 3.6 [KVA] 2.49 [KVA] 2.49 [KVA]
fs 0.675 0.963 0.963
Conclusions:
As can be seen, the average current in the diodes is the same in all the
settings.
The configuration in which the diodes are subjected to the highest reverse voltage is P3.
If there is a transformer that provides low voltage in the secondary and at the output of the rectifier
a higher voltage is needed; the appropriate configuration is the PD3, in this case.
For the choice of the assembly, finer wire and more turns in the transformers are better.
The rectifier is the same for a PD3 configuration and for an S3.
Vef−Triangle= 3 V ef− Star
I s −Star
Is−Triangle 3=
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Now falls are considered
For example. Design a polyphase rectifier, choose the configuration.
Uc=220 [V], of continuous
40 [A]
Relative ohmic drop on the order of 4% of Uc
Relative inductive drop of about 1.5% of Uc
Voltage drop due to diodes of 2.5 [V]
U=8.8[V ] 3,3[V ]2.5[V]
U c0−U=U c
U C0=U C U=220[V ] 14.6[V]=14.6[V ]
Consideration: for the choice of mounting, finer wire and more turns in the transformers are better.
The S3 assembly is adopted.
We calculate the peak voltage of the sinusoidal tension of the transformer secondary.
q
U c0 = V m
3
245.54[V]= VmVm=257.0[V]
where the effective voltage in the secondary of the transformer is
Vm
Vef= =181.73[V]
2
The effective value of the intensity in the secondary coil is
I C q 2−1 40 8
IS = = =18.85[ A]
2 q 2 3
The reverse voltage across the diode is
Vm 257[V]
V I= = =257.11[V]
2 s e n 2 sen
2q 6
We will consider a safety margin of 50% to size the reverse voltage in the diode.
therefore
Vi−max =1.5Vi =385.6[V]
The average current in the diode is
I C 40
ID = = =13.33[ A]
q 3
Here we also make a consideration of 30% to size the average current in the diode,
therefore:
ID −max = 13.33[ A] 1.3=17.33[ A]
then the semiconductor is selected and the drop of this semiconductor is verified, then the
transformer, if one is already available, the drops are determined and if it needs to be manufactured, it
request with at least three derivations.
The power in the secondary of the transformer...
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S =qV efI S=181.73[V ]18.85[A]=3425[VA]3≈10,276[KVA]
The power supplied by the source is
P C =Uc0Ic =234.6[V]40[ A]=9384[VA]≈9.4[ KVA]
so the efficiency will be
Pc
f s= =0.913
S
Type exercise.
It is intended to build a three-phase rectifier S3 (three-phase series), for which three are available.
single-phase transformers with a transformation ratio of 220/60 V and a power of
1800VA each.
1. Clearly draw the complete circuit, using the three transformers.
2. What open-circuit voltage will be obtained at the output of the rectifier?
3. What maximum current can be obtained at the output of the rectifier?
4. How many diodes are needed?
5. What type of current should the diodes be in order to obtain the maximum indicated current?
in point 3?
6. What is the reverse peak voltage that the diodes are subjected to?
7. To request the purchase of the diodes, which parameter should be indicated?