SPWM Inverters: Harmonic Control Techniques
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsSPWM Inverters: Harmonic Control Techniques
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsSPWM Inverters Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM)
Currently, there is a wide variety of techniques used in inverter control.
among them is pulse width modulation (PWM - Pulse Width Modulation).
Within this technique, various modulation algorithms have been proposed, each one
pretending to improve some characteristic within the process, for example: losses
by switching, the efficiency of the conversion or the harmonic content present in the
outgoing wave. In electric drives, this last characteristic is of great
importance due to the number of undesirable effects caused by signals
harmonics when passing through the windings of the motor; among them stand out: distortions in
the sinusoidal wave, reductions in the power factor, increase in losses in the
machine, overheating, vibrations, reduction of the machine's useful torque and of the
useful life of the engine. Schönung (1964) suggests that the harmonic content in the operation
the investor can be significantly improved by performing modulation based on
from a sinusoidal signal and proposes the sinusoidal PWM modulation algorithm (SPWM-
sinusoidal PWM); from then on, the development of PWM algorithms begins
modern
Observed pulse width of reducing regulator practically at the Technological Institute of
Morelia Electrical Engineering Laboratory
In most industrial applications, output voltage control is required.
of the investor to deal with variations in the input dc voltage, or to comply
maintain a constant volts/frequency ratio.
The quality of the investor is evaluated in terms of the following parameters:
Harmonic factor (HFn) of the nth component:
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD):
Distortion Factor (DF): The THD indicates the total harmonic content, but does not indicate the
level of each of its components. Thus, the distortion factor indicates the amount of
harmonic distortion that remains in a particular waveform after the
harmonics of that waveform have been subjected to second-order attenuation
(that is, divided by n2). Therefore, DF is a measure of effectiveness in reduction
of unwanted harmonic components, without the need to specify the values of
a second-order load filter, and it is defined as:
being the distortion factor of an individual component as:
S sinusoidal pulse width modulation.
Instead of keeping the pulse width constant, it can be varied.
in proportion to the amplitude of a sine wave, reducing the distortion factor and
the low-order harmonics. The trigger signals are generated, as shown
next:
The frequency of the reference signal determines the output frequency of the inverter, and
its amplitude (Ar) controls the modulation index M, and therefore the effective voltage of
exit.
The number of pulses per half-cycle depends on the frequency of the carrier.
The same firing signals can be obtained with a triangular unidirectional wave, such as
as shown below.