UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA

KAREN JULIETH VARÓN RODRIGUEZ

LAURA VALENTINA OSORIO MEZA
Rodrigo Bejarano Muñoz
JUAN DAVID PACHECO CAPACHO

PRACTICE #3
OPTICS

OPTICS AND WAVES

BOGOTÁ FEBRUARY 28, 2019
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

TABLE
ANGLE NUMBER OF IMAGES PRODUCT
15 2 -
30 2 -
45 3 -
60 4 -
75 12 -

The light reflects off a flat mirror; if the mirror is spherical, what other effects occur?
will they produce?
R/ When conducting this experiment, it was possible to observe how the lights cross each other. Convex one.
One goes up and the other goes down.
Parallel light rays are directed and intercepted by a metal tape.
curve. Vary the curvature and work on the concave and convex areas.
Describe your observations and make drawings.

When the rays hit the metal tape, we conclude that the lights are inverted.
Draw an arc of a circle of a concave mirror on a sheet, whose center of curvature is
determine geometrically.
Reflect parallel light rays in the concave mirror and determine it experimentally.
focal distance.
R/ A concave mirror had a focal distance of 4.5 cm, while in the mirror
convex resulted in 14.5 cm.
- Using a convex mirror, repeat the above. To do this, fix a sheet on the optical disc.
on white paper where I can trace the extensions of the reflected rays.
It is located at the focus.

We can conclude that the smaller the angle in the parallel plane mirrors, the greater
they will be the projections that can be reflected.

QUESTIONS
 1. How can you relate mirrors and reflection? Explain with drawings.
Light is a manifestation of energy that allows images to be formed.
reflected in a mirror. Reflection occurs when the rays of light that strike
a chochan surface on it, they deviate and return to the medium they came from forming
an angle equal to that of the incident light.

2. For a certain incident ray of light that reaches a mirror, how many possible rays are there?
Explain it with drawings.

Scattered Reflection
It is the one that occurs on surfaces
rugged, which presents a series of
irregularities that cause the light to
reflects in different directions

Specular Reflection
It is one that occurs on surfaces
totally smooth and polished like
it happens with mirrors. In this case the
reflection occurs in one direction
thanks to which it is possible to form
images
3. If you can see someone's eyes in a complicated system of mirrors, will it be to
Is it possible to see your eyes?
Yes, since a complicated system is characterized by having several mirrors in it, allowing
that your eyes and mine reflect each other, allowing them to observe one another.

4. Can real images be obtained in a flat mirror?

An image in a mirror looks as if the object is behind it and not in front of it or in
the surface. (Note, it is a common mistake to think that we see the image on the surface
from the mirror). The optical system of the eye collects the rays that diverge from the object and
makes them converge on the retina. The eye identifies the position that an object occupies as the
place where the extensions of the divergent beam of rays that reach it converge. Those
extensions do not match the actual position of the object. At that point, a
virtual image of the object. The image obtained in a flat mirror cannot be projected.
about a screen, placing a screen where the image seems to be would not collect
nothing. It is, therefore, a copy of the object "that seems to be" behind the mirror.
5. Demonstrate that a ray of light reflected in a flat mirror turns an angle of 20° when
the mirror rotates an angle of 10° around an axis perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
Make your demonstration using drawings.

6. What length should a mirror have for a person to see their own image?
complete? Make an explanatory drawing
The mirror that is at least half your height will allow you to see your entire body. This is
test with the rays that go from the top of the head to the mirror and from there to the
eyes, the rays that go from the feet to the mirror and from there to the eyes.
7. What is the focal length of the mirror?

8. The image of an object formed by a

spherical mirror. Under what conditions is it real? In which is it virtual?

a) The object located to the left of the center

of the curvature. The image is real, inverted and
located between the center and the focus, its size is
less than the object.
b) The object located in the center of the
curvature. The image is real, inverted and
located at the same point. Its size is the same
what the object.

c) The object located between the center of

curvature and the focus. The image is real,
inverted and located to the left of the center of
curvature. Its size is larger than that of the object.

d) The object located at the focus of the mirror. The

reflected rays are parallel and the image is
shape in the infinite.

e) Object located to the right of the focus. The

The image is virtual and maintains its orientation.
Its size is larger than the object.

Using the converging lens, observe an object and describe it qualitatively.

how is it observed, is the image formed by the lens larger, more
smaller than or equal to the object itself?, is the image upright or inverted?
When placing a bulb in front of the concave or convergent mirror, it could be observed that
The image formed by the lens is much smaller and appears inverted.
Describe how these characteristics vary with changes in the observer-object distance.
Do these images change when the distance between the eye and the lens varies?

While performing the exercise, it was observed how the position and size vary.
An interesting property of lenses is the following: there is a candle, which,
through a converging lens, it forms a real image on a screen a-) if
We cover the upper half of the lens with an opaque body. How will it vary?
Image? b-) What will the image be like if we cover the left half of the lens? c-)
What will the image look like if we cover three quarters of the object?

a) By covering the upper half of the image with a sheet that served as the element
opaque looked the same.
b) When we covered the left side of the concave mirror, we were able to see how the image
projected it was only visible halfway.
c) When it was covered with three quarters, only two dots could be seen.
reflected.

How are these results explained? Try to provide an interpretation. using the
Fermat's principle.
From the principle of Fermat's minimum time, the laws can be obtained
reflection and refraction in a very simple way.
This principle states that the actual path followed by a ray of light between two points
It is the one in which it takes the minimum time to traverse.
We can notice another property of lenses when we cover half of them.
upper part of the lens with a red filter and the lower half with a green filter, two pieces
Transparent paper of these colors can serve as filters. Try to explain.
these experimental results.
By covering the top part with the red lens and the bottom part with the green lens, it was observed that,
when reflecting the red laser on the two color filters, the light did not pass through the mirror while
with the green laser yes; the red light only generated more images around it
filter.
What is the difference between a real image and a virtual image? What type of
What image is observed in a flat mirror? And in a concave one?
A real image is defined as one that is formed when light rays converge.
at a fixed point. A real image can be projected or viewed on a screen. The best example
of a real image is the one formed on a movie screen while an image
virtual is defined as the opposite of a real image, therefore, an image that is not
What can be obtained on a screen is known as a virtual image. The explanation for this is the
the fact that the rays of light that form a virtual image never converge, therefore,
a virtual image can never be projected onto a screen. The best example of a
The virtual image is its reflection in the mirror.

In the flat mirror, a virtual image is observed, and in the concave mirror, it is real.

What type of image can be projected onto a screen: a real image or

a virtual image? Where should the object be located in relation to the lens for
obtain an image that can be viewed on a screen?
The image that can be projected onto a screen corresponds to a real image.
The object must be located centimeters before the focal point.
How can you relate lens and refraction? Explain with drawings.

Are the focal lengths in a thin lens equal? Justify your answer.

The focal length is determined by the curvature of the lens, regardless of its size.
The more curvature, the more magnification the lens provides, and vice versa.

Under what conditions does a thin converging lens produce real images?

The rays emitted by a light source and refracted through a converging lens
they can all converge at a point and give rise to a real image. Real images
They can be projected onto a screen and always appear inverted in relation to the
object what represent

In the case of concave lenses, the rays seem to originate from a point and give rise to
a virtual image. The virtual images produced by diverging lenses cannot
projected on a screen, are smaller than the object, appear to be closer and
in the same sense what this.

Converging lenses also produce virtual images when the object is located
situated at a shorter length than the focal distance (distance from the center of the lens to the focus
In such a case, the image appears in normal position and larger than the
object, as can be seen when looking at a coin through a magnifying glass.
conclusions
It was determined that by modifying the angle of reflection and each time the angle
As the amount of reflected images decreases, the number increases.
It was concluded that the angle with the most images found was 75° resulting in
result 12 reflected images, data that helped us determine that as we progress
that decreases the angle between the articulated mirrors the number of images
increase.
The behavior of laser light was studied according to the type of mirrors.
employees (concave and convex), in each of these their activity was
different if the light is shot from top to bottom it would continue reflected towards
down or the light would be inverted depending on the mirror used.
The focus was found using a sheet of white paper, in order to be able to trace.
the extensions that light had in its reflection.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Serway, R., and Beichner R. "Physics". Fifth edition. McGraw-Hill. Vol. 2.
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