EXERCISES CHAPTER 5

EXERCISE 1

AUTORES:VALLEANTHONY,VELIZSERGIO

A Carnot thermal machine receives heat at 900 K and rejects waste heat to
environment at 300 K. The power generated by the thermal machine is used to
operate a Carnot refrigerator that removes heat from the cooled space at -15°C to
reason of 250 KJ/min, and it rejects it to the same environment at 300K. Determine:

a) the rate of heat supply to the thermal machine.

b) the total heat rejection rate to the environment.
-15°C
DATA: = 900K
= 258K
= 900K
QH QL250 KJ/min
= = 300K
̇ 250 kJ/min
̇ Wsalida MT
=? ? MT FRIDGE
Entry REFRI
̇ =? ?
QL QH

= = 300K

LITERAL SOLUTION A.
They are asking us to find [Link]
MT, and knowing that this rate is equal to the ratio between the
net work output done by the Carnot thermal machine (CT) and its efficiency.
In addition, we know that WMTC outputis equal to Wrefrigerator entry.

̇
̇ , =
ƞ
̇
̇ , = (Figure 1)
ƞ
Then those 2 parameters must be found:
̇
̇ = (c. 2)

,
ƞ =1- (c. 3)
,

1
= (c. 4)
,
-1
,

Replacing Ec.4 in Ec.2, we have:

̇ ,
̇ =
1
,
-1
,

,
̇ =̇ ( , )( - 1)( . 5)
,

Substituting values in Eq. 5 and Eq. 3:

 EXERCISES CHAPTER 5
900K 2
ƞ =1- = 0.667
300K 3
300K
̇ = (250 ) ( - 1) = 40.698
min 258K
Finally, replacing the obtained values within Eq.1:

̇
̇ , = (c. 1)
ƞ
40.698
̇ , =
0.667
̇ , = 61.016
KJ 1min
̇ , = 61.016 ∗ 1.0169
min 60°C

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LITERAL SOLUTION B.
Here it asks us to find the total heat discharged, both from the Thermal Machine of
Carnot (MTC) like that of the Refrigerator, for this we need to find , ̇ y
̇ , ̇
At the time of making the calculation remember that = ̇

̇ = ̇ , − ̇ ,
̇ = ̇ , −̇ ,

̇ , =̇ , −̇ ̇ , ̇= ̇ + ,

kJ 1min kJ 1min
̇ , (
61,016-40,698 ) ∗ ̇ , ( = 40,698+ 250
) ∗
min 60 min 60°C

̇ , 0.3386 ̇ , = 4.8450

Found , ̇ y , ̇ we can add them to obtain the total heat that is

discarded the environment.

̇ ℎ
̇ = ,
̇ + ,

̇ ℎ ( 0.3386+ 4.8450)

̇ ℎ = 5.1836

: ℎ 5.1836
 EXERCISES CHAPTER 5
EXERCISE 2.

AUTORES:VERGARALOPEZKATIUSKALISSETTE,YUNESCHICASANTIAGONAIM

A heat pump with refrigerant 134a as the working fluid is used to maintain
a space at 25 °C absorbing heat from geothermal water entering the evaporator at 60
°C at a rate of 0.065 kg/s and exits at 40 °C. The refrigerant enters the evaporator at 12 °C with
a quality of 15 percent and exits at the same pressure as saturated vapor. If the
compressor consumes 1.6 kW of power, determine a) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant,
b) the heat supply rate, c) the COP and d) the minimum power consumption by the
compressor for the same heat supply rate.

Resolution
Refrigerant 134A tables are used to extract the respective enthalpies.
Data
1 = 12°
1= 0.15

ℎ1= 96.55 ⁄
1 = 443.3 kPa
2= 1
2= 1443.3 kPa

ℎ2= 257.27 ⁄
,160°
,1= 0
ℎ ,1= 251.18 ⁄
,2= 40°
,2= 0

ℎ ,2167.53 ⁄
 EXERCISES CHAPTER 5
a) The mass flow of the refrigerant

̇ = ̇ (ℎ ,1− ℎ ,2 ) = (0.065 ⁄ ) 251.18

( − 167.53 ( ⁄ ))

̇ = 5.437 kW

The increase in energy of the refrigerant is equal to the decrease in energy of the water in
the evaporator. Therefore we have:
̇ = ̇ ℎ2(− ℎ1 )
̇ 5.437 kW
̇= =
ℎ2− ℎ1 (257.27 − 96.55) ⁄

̇ = . /
b) The heat supply rate

̇ = ̇ + ̇ = 5.437 + 1.6

̇ = .

c) Calculate the COP

̇ 7.04 kW
= =
̇ 1.6 kW
= .

d) We calculate the COP of a reversible heat pump, which is within the same
temperature limits:
1
=
1−

1 1
= = = 9.51
(25ºC + 273) 1 − 0.8948
1−
(60ºC + 273)
Then, using the maximum COP, we proceed to calculate the minimum consumption of
power by the compressor for the same heat supply rate:
̇ 7.04 kW
̇ , = =
9.51
̇ , = .
 EXERCISES CHAPTER 5

EXERCISE 3.

AUTORES :ALEXANDER JAVIER TOMALÁ MANTUANO, PAULO ANDRÉ VALAREZO CANO

An air conditioner is used with

refrigerant 134a as working fluid for
maintain a room at 23 °C by rejecting heat
from waste to the outside air at 37 °C. The room
gains heat through the walls and windows
at a rate of 250 kJ/min, while the heat
generated by the computer, the TV, and the lights
It is 900 W. The refrigerant enters the compressor.
at 400 kPa as saturated vapor at a rate of 100
L/min and exits at 1.200 kPa and 70 °C. Determine a) the
real COP
minimum volumetric of the refrigerant in the
compressor inlet for the same ones
entry and exit conditions of the compressor.
Respuestas: a) 3.45, b) 21.1, c) 16.3 L/min

Data:
23°C Refrigerant, compressor outlet = 1200kPa

37°C Refrigerant, compressor outlet = 70°C

Heat input through walls = 250 kJ/min COP real = ?

900 W maximum COP = ?

Refrigerant, compressor inlet = 400kPa Volumetric flow rate… =?

Refrigerant volumetric flow rate = 100 L/min

Calculations
Properties of refrigerant 134a

State 1: State 2:

P1400 KPa P21.2 MPa

X 1= 1 T270°C
From the A-12 we obtain: From table A-13 we obtain:

v10.05120 m3/kg h2= 300.61 kJ/kg

h1255.55 kJ/kg
 EXERCISES CHAPTER 5

The mass flow rate of the refrigerant is determined using the following equation:

1m3 1 minute
100 units/min( )( )
1 1000 60
ṁ = =
1 0.05120 m3 /

ṁ 0.03255208333 /
( 2− ℎ1 )
Ẇ=ṁ ×ℎ

Ẇ = 0.03255208333 × (300.61-255.55 )

1.466796875 kW

The air conditioning must remove the heat generated inside the room; therefore, QL
it will be

= +
1 minute
= (250 / ) ( ) + 0.9 kW
60
5.067 kW
Literal a)
To calculate the actual COP:

=
Ẇ
5.067 kW
=
1.4667796875 kW
= 3.454466045

Literal b)
To find the maximum COP in a refrigerator:
1
á =
-1

1
á =
37° C + 273.15
-1
296.15
á = 21.15357143
 EXERCISES CHAPTER 5
Literal c)
To find the minimum volumetric flow rate of the refrigerant at the compressor inlet for the
same input and output conditions of the compressor:

Input work:
̇
̇ =
á

304
̇ =
21.15357143

̇ = 14.37109573

Minimum mass flow:

̇
ṁ í =
( ℎ2− ℎ1 )

14.37109573
ṁ í =
( 300.11 − 255.55 )

ṁ í 0.322511125

Minimum volumetric flow rate:

̇ í = ̇ ×
̇ 31000
̇ í = 0.322511125 × 0.051201 ( )
kg 1m3

̇ í = 16.51289211