INSTITUTE OF STUDIES

Superiors of Tamaulipas

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING AND RENEWABLE ENERGIES

DIVISION OF EXACT SCIENCES

PLANT DESIGN
ING. JOSÉ LUIS VARGAS PÉREZ

Katia Lizeth Lam García 16634

Gloria Ivette Berzunza Guerrero 14894
Elvira Alessandra Domínguez Quintos 14828
Andrés del Ángel Alarcón 14639

PROJECT:
SULFURIC ACID PRODUCTION PLANT

November 24, 2017. Tampico, Tamaulipas.

INTRODUCTION

Sulfuric acid is one of the most commonly used chemicals by the industry.
basic chemistry, with a world production of approximately 250 million
annual tons and an estimate of 285 million tons for 2020.

It is obtained from sulfur, from sulfide minerals or from effluents from the
sweetening processes of natural gas. In all cases the product
the intermediate produced is sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is transformed into
sulfuric oxide by a heterogeneous catalytic oxidation process, method
called contact. Finally, sulfur trioxide (SO3) reacts with water.
producing sulfuric acid (H2SO4), this last operation is carried out in towers
of absorption.

80% of the raw material used to produce sulfuric acid is sulfur

elemental, while the contribution of pyrites is around 8%.

The industry that uses sulfuric acid the most is the fertilizer industry. Others
important applications are found in oil refining, production
of pigments, steel treatment, extraction of non-ferrous metals,
manufacture of explosives, detergents, plastics, and fibers. In many cases, the
sulfuric acid acts as an indirect raw material and rarely appears in
the final product.

About 60% of the total sulfuric acid production is used in the

fertilizer manufacturing.

The growth in global demand for sulfuric acid is due, in order

decreasing, in the production of: phosphoric acid, titanium dioxide, acid
hydrofluoric, ammonium sulfate and in uranium processing and applications
metallurgical.

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BACKGROUND

Of all the list of chemical compounds that are produced industrially, the acid
sulfuric is the product that is manufactured in the largest quantity by mass each year (not

however, this is a somewhat misleading fact due to the high density of

sulfuric acid compared to other liquid compounds also produced
massively like ammonia).

The importance of this chemical compound reaches such a point that its production
has been used as one of the indicators of the industrial strength of a
country.

Physical properties of sulfuric acid

The ambient temperature is a corrosive liquid, it is heavier than water.

odorless and colorless (at room temperature and pressure). Oleum has a smell.
spicy and penetrating. It is considerably dense (it has a density of
1.834g/ml, a value almost double that of water) and with a considerable viscosity. The
sulfuric acid is not flammable, but in its highest concentration it can cause
combustion in contact with liquids and solids.

Its fusion occurs at 10.37ºC, while its boiling point is located

at 317°C, although it is true that at 300°C it starts to take place the
decomposition of the acid into H2O and SO3. Without a doubt, from a point of view
purely chemical, one of the properties that is most exploited of the acid
sulfuric is its high affinity for water, with which it reacts releasing
a large amount of heat.

Applications

At this point, we can ask ourselves what the reason is for sulfuric acid
it is so important and we find the answer in the wide range of
applications that sulfuric acid allows, among which we can highlight:
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 Production of calcium superphosphate (fertilizers).
Water purification: to produce aluminum sulfate from bauxite.
Detergents: in the sulfonation of dodecyl-benzene, which is the raw material
basic for most detergents used in the home and the
industry. 22% oleum is also used for this.
Paper Mills: In the process of producing paper pulp, e
indirectly in the use of aluminum sulfate. It is also used in
the purification of wastewater and in the treatment for drinking water.
Agro-Phytosanitary: in the production of copper sulfate.
Oil Refining: for boilers and chemical processes.
Thermal energy generation: for the treatment of boilers.
Metallurgy: for the pickling of metals.
Production of acid for electric batteries.
Aluminum sulfate production: it is used in reaction with hydroxide of
aluminum. The aluminum sulfate produced is primarily used in
water treatment, tanneries, paper production, and salts of
aluminum.
Production of chromium (II) sulfate: it is used in reaction with dichromate
of potassium and a reducing agent. Chromium sulfate is used
mainly for leather tanning (chrome tanning).
Manufacturing of organic products, paints, pigments, and rayon.
Explosives: for their great reactivity.

The three raw materials used by industries are: sulfur, air, and water.
the manufacturing of sulfuric acid is cheap, as the heat that is wasted in
one stage of the process can be used in the next stage. The main
Sulfuric acid producing companies in Chile are: CODELCO, ENAMI and La
Disputed. It should be noted that they also produce copper in parallel.

Production methods

Of the four methods for the production of sulfuric acid, there are two processes
mainly, the lead chamber method and the contact process.

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 Vitriol Process

The oldest method for obtaining sulfuric acid is the so-called 'process of
"vitriol", which is based on the thermal decomposition of vitriols, which are
sulfates of various types, of natural origin.

The Persian alchemists, Jābir ibn Hayyān (also known as Geber, 721 –
815 AD), Razi (865 – 925 AD) and Jamal Din al-Watwat (1318 AD) included
vitriol in its mineral classification lists.

The first mention of the 'vitriol process' appears in the writings of Jabir ibn.
Hayyan. Then, the alchemists Saint Albert the Great and Basilius Valentinus.
they described the process in more detail. Alum and calcanthite (vitriol) were used
blue) as raw materials.

At the end of the Middle Ages, sulfuric acid was obtained in small quantities.
in glass containers, in which sulfur was burned with saltpeter in a
humid environment. The vitriol process was used on an industrial scale from the
16th century due to a greater demand for sulfuric acid.

The focus of the production was centered in the German city of Nordhausen.
that began to be called vitriol as 'Nordhausen vitriol'), where it
used iron(II) sulfate (green vitriol, FeSO4 – 7H2O) as a raw material,
which was heated, and the resulting sulfur trioxide was mixed with water to
obtain sulfuric acid (vitriol oil). The process was carried out in
galleys, some of which had multiple levels, in parallel, in order to obtain
greater quantities of vitriol oil.

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 Galena used in the production of vitriol

In the eighteenth century, a more economical process for production was developed.
sulfuric acid known as the 'lead chamber process'.

Until then, the maximum concentration of acid obtained was 78%, while
that with the 'vitriol process' concentrated acid and oleum were obtained, so
this method continued to be used in certain sectors of the industry until
the emergence of the "contact process" in 1870, which allowed for the production of acid
concentrated in a cheaper way.

Oleum or fuming sulfuric acid (CAS: 8014-95-7) is a solution of

oily consistency and dark brown color, with variable composition of trioxide of
sulfur and sulfuric acid, which can be described by the formula
H2SO4.xSO3 (where x represents the free molar content of sulfur oxide)
A value for x of 1 gives the empirical formula H2S2O7, which corresponds to the
sulfuric acid (or pyrosulfuric acid).

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 Lead camera process

Diagram of the lead chamber process

It is the process of lead chambers sulfur dioxide (SO2hot gaseous

enters through the bottom of a reactor called Glover tower where it is washed
with nitrous vitriol (sulfuric acid with nitrogen oxide (NO) and dioxide of
nitrogen (NO2dissolved in it), and mixed with nitrogen oxide (NO) and dioxide
of nitrogen (NO2gaseous. Part of sulfur dioxide is oxidized to trioxide of
sulfur (SO3and dissolved in the acid bath to form tower acid or acid of
Glover (approximately 78% of H2SO4).

SO2NO2 NO + SO3

SO3+ H2O H2SO4Glover's acid

From the Glover tower a mixture of gases (that includes dioxide and trioxide of
sulfur, nitrogen oxides, nitrogen, oxygen, and vapor) is transferred to a
lead-coated chamber where it is treated with more water. The chamber can be
a large box-shaped space or an area in the shape of a truncated cone. The

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sulfuric acid is formed by a complex series of reactions; it condenses in the
walls and is accumulated on the floor of the chamber. There can be between three and six

cameras in series, where the gases pass through each of the chambers in
succession. The acid produced in the chambers, typically called chamber acid
fertilizer camera or acid, contains 62% to 68% H2SO4.

NO + NO2+ H2O 2.HNO2

NO H2+ H2SO3 H2SO4chamber acid

After the gases pass through the chambers, they are passed to a reactor.
called Gay-Lussac tower where they are washed with cooled concentrated acid
(from Glover's tower). Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide
that did not react dissolve in the acid forming nitrous vitriol
used in the Glover tower. The residual gases are usually released into
the atmosphere.

Contact process

The process is based on the use of a catalyst to convert the SO2in SO3,
from which sulfuric acid is obtained by hydration.

2 SO2+ O2 2 SO3

SO3+ H2O H2SO4

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 Contact process diagram

In this process, a mixture of dry gases containing 7 to 10% SO is used.2,

according to the source of production of SO2(the lower value corresponds to plants that
They roast pyrites and the superior ones that burn sulfur), and from 11 to 14% of O.2, himself
preheat and once maximally purified, pass to a converter of one or more
catalytic converters, generally made of platinum or vanadium pentoxide, where
shape the SO3Two or more converters are usually used.

The conversion yields of the SO2a SO3in an operating plant

They normally oscillate between 96 and 97%, as the initial effectiveness of 98% is reduced with the

passage of time. This reduction effect is more pronounced in plants

where starter pyrites with a high arsenic content are used, which do not
completely eliminates and accompanies the gases that are subjected to catalysis,

causing the poisoning of the catalyst. Therefore, at times, the

performance can decrease to values close to 95%.

In the second converter, the temperature varies between 500º and 600ºC. This
select to obtain an optimal equilibrium constant with a conversion
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maximum at a minimum cost. The residence time of the gases in the converter
it is approximately 2-4 seconds.

The gases from the catalysis are cooled to about 100ºC approximately and
they pass through an oleum tower to achieve the partial absorption of SO3The gases
residuals pass through a second tower, where the SO3the remainder is washed with acid
98% sulfuric. Finally, the unabsorbed gases are released into the atmosphere.
through a chimney.

There is a marked difference in the manufacturing of the OS.2by combustion of

sulfur and by toasting pyrites, especially if they are arsenical. The powder produced
in the roasting process it can never be completely eliminated and, along with the
impurities, mainly arsenic and antimony, significantly influence the
overall performance of the plant.

The production of sulfuric acid by combustion of elemental sulfur presents a

better energy balance as it does not have to adjust to the systems of
rigorously forced purification necessary in roasting plants
pyrites.

Double contact process

The double contact double absorption process (DCDA or Double Contact Double Absorption)

Absorption) introduced improvements to the contact process for acid production

sulfuric.

In 1960, Bayer applied for a patent for the so-called double catalytic process.
The first plant that used this process started operations in 1964.

Through the incorporation of a preliminary SO3 absorption stage before

the final catalytic stages, the improved contact process allowed for a
important increase in the conversion of SO2, substantially reducing its
emissions into the atmosphere.

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The gases pass again through the final absorption column,
achieving not only a high conversion rate of SO2 to SO3 (of approx.
99.8%), but also allowing for the production of a higher concentration of
sulfuric acid.

The essential difference between this process and the ordinary contact process is
in the number of absorption stages.

Starting from the 1970s, the main industrial countries introduced

stricter regulations for environmental protection, and the process of
double absorption became widespread in new plants. However, the
The conventional contact process is still being used in many countries.
development with less stringent environmental standards.

The biggest impetus for the current development of the contact process is focused on the
increase in the recovery and utilization of the large amount of energy produced
in the process.

In fact, a large and modern sulfuric acid plant can be seen not only
as a chemical plant, but also as a thermal power plant.

JUSTIFICATION

The lead chamber process is the older of the two processes and is
currently used to produce a large part of the acid consumed in the
fertilizer manufacturing. This method produces a relatively dilute acid.
(62%-78% H 2SO4The contact process produces a purer acid and
concentrated, but it requires purer raw materials and the use of
expensive catalysts. In both processes, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is rusty
and dissolved in water. Sulfur dioxide is obtained through incineration.
sulfur, roasting pyrites (Iron Bisulfide), roasting other non-ferrous sulfuros, or
through the combustion of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gaseous.

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Selection of the method

We are directed towards the production of sulfuric acid from the process of
contact due to the fact that in terms of quality a product with greater
purity and concentration, percentage-wise up to 98% and at a cost
investment that makes the project's profitability feasible.

The lead chamber method was not selected because this is a process
primarily used to obtain the sulfuric acid that industries use
of fertilizers and detergents, since great purity is not required in
the product, and the market that we are going to cover with the 98% quality is
focused on oil refining, for boilers and chemical processes, and the
thermal energy generation, for the treatment of boilers.

MARKET STUDY

Production of sulfuric acid in the world

Sulfuric acid is one of the highest volume industrial chemicals.

produced in the world. The production of fertilizers, especially the
phosphate fertilizers from wet process phosphoric acid, is the main
end-use market for sulfuric acid, which accounts for more than 60% of
total world consumption in 2017. This proportion is expected to increase to
2022, although a little, greater growth is expected for applications
Chemicals. Around 17% of the world's sulfuric acid is consumed in about
of 20 chemical processes, and the rest is consumed in a wide variety of
industrial and technical applications. The main drivers of growth in
global level in descending order are the use of phosphoric acid, carbon dioxide
titanium, hydrofluoric acid, ammonium sulfate and uranium processing and
the metallurgical applications.

The following pie chart shows the global consumption of sulfuric acid in
2017

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Most sulfuric acid is generated by burning sulfur; the smelting acid
it occurs involuntarily and its economy is primarily driven
through the metal markets. The increase in the recovery of the byproduct of
sulfuric acid in foundries has had a significant impact on the industry,
what has led to increased trade in sulfuric acid (as the
By-products are not necessarily found close to acid markets.
and forces some plants to burn sulfur.

Market need

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SWOT Analysis

STRENGTHS:

Sulfuric acid is a highly sought-after product in industries such as: mining

and the agricultural.

Strategic position of the country of Chile for transportation to our main

buyers from the region.

OPPORTUNITIES:

Copper market expansion: the price of copper is on the rise, which

it will allow the industry to sustain itself since the product is an essential acid in the
copper production process.

Growth of imports from our main buyer. Chile increases the

demand for sulfuric acid due to the expansion of the mining industry.

WEAKNESSES:

High cost to handle the load due to its dangerousness.

THREATS:

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For the export and transportation of this product, it is required to comply with several

requirements regarding safety and marketing.

Government restrictions and regulations as this product is used

also for drug preparation.

Financing

The company Noracid, owned by the Ultramar and Belfi groups, was founded in the
Year 2007 with the aim of implementing the project 'Sulfuric Acid Plant.'

Justification of the place

Chile represents one of the strongest economies in Latin America, as well as

a stable economic model for foreign investors. With a
free market-oriented economy, Chile has been recording a rate of
average growth of 4% from the year 2000 to 2009. In recent years, the
the economy has recorded a low inflation rate and a positive trend in the
PBI, as a result of high international copper prices, earnings from
solid exports.

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By 2020, Peru will have a maximum production of 6.7 million tons.
of sulfuric acid for a maximum consumption of 7.7 million tons, according to
the long-term projections. In any case, the difference will be much smaller than
the estimate this year could be recorded in the medium term between both
projections an increase between 2.5 million and 3 million tons.

By 2015, a maximum national production of 6.7 million is projected.

tons against a maximum consumption of 9.7 million tons.

The natural consequence of insufficient production to meet the

national demand, is the existence of a structural deficit that must be
satisfied through imports.

The importation of sulfuric acid - which is a strategic product for mining

of copper in Chile, which explains 96% of sulfuric acid consumption - has had
a significant increase reaching 2.64 million tons in 2010, from the
about 600 thousand tons that were imported into the country in 2006.

That is why we consider that there is a large market where Peru can
to efficiently and effectively meet this demand, since our country is the
fifth exporter at the global level.

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Location

Plant distribution

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TECHNICAL STUDY

Flowchart

Page 18 | 32
Process

Aspen

PRODUCTIVITY
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Determination of production

Sulfuric acid plant from solid sulfur to be unloaded at the port of

Mussels.
Plant design capacity: 720,000 tons of acid/year, which will be
stored and dispatched by Terminal Mejillones.
• Sulfur consumption: 250,000 tons/year.
Additionally, the plant produces 126,000 MWH/year of electrical energy, which
will be delivered to the SING.

Investment: US$ 200,000,000.

The conversion efficiency of SO2 will be 99.76%, resulting in the emission of
this compound will not exceed 200 ppm.

MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION

Construction companies

In September 2008, a contract was signed between Noracid.

by Outotec for the development of engineering, supply
of equipment, supervision for construction, assembly
and commissioning of the acid plant.

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 The installation of the plant equipment is of
Belfi's responsibility as well as the engineering,
supply and installation of engineering, supply and
installation of the equipment for auxiliary services.

Purchase of materials

MATERIAL K/M2
GRAVEL AGGREGATES 1,490.0
CERAMICS 557.0
CEMENT 192.0
PRECAST MORTAR 132.0
CAL 51.0
PRECAST CONCRETE 38.0
STEEL 35.0
WOOD 17.0
LIGHT CERAMICS 15.0
TERAZZO 14.0
GALVANIZED STEEL 13.0
PLASTER 12.0
LACQUERED ALUMINUM 2.5
ADDITIVES 4.8
PVC 2.0
ANODIZED ALUMINUM 0.5
TOTAL KG/m2 2,575.8

Design and equipment selection

Turbogenerator - Siemens

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•Caldera – Alstom

Sulfuric acid pumps - Lewis

Burner of sulfur – Saacke

Blower - Siemens (KK&K)

Liquid sulfur pumps – Rheinhütte

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GEA/Alfa Laval Heat Exchangers

Control System - Foxboro

Eliminators of Fog Begg Cousland

Sulfur filter - Amafilter

Anti-acid coating - Steuler

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 Catalyst - BASF

LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Environmental standards

Chile, in the year 1995 issued theRegulation for the Issuance of Standards
Environmental and Emission Qualityin accordance with the provisions of articles 32 and 40 of
Law 19.300, on General Environmental Bases of 1994. The
Regulation establishes the procedure for the issuance of quality standards
environmental, considering at least the following stages: technical analysis and
economic, development of scientific studies, consultations with organizations
competent, public and private, analysis of the observations made and a
appropriate advertising. This rule also establishes the deadlines and formalities of
required compliances and the criteria for reviewing the current regulations.

All quality or emission standards must be reviewed by the National Commission of

Environment at least every five years, applying the same procedure
previously mentioned.

Under the previous context, the available environmental regulations are organized as
continues:

Primary Environmental Quality Standards: These are those established by the

standards or values of concentrations and maximum periods and
minimum permissible levels of elements, compounds, substances, derivatives
chemicals or biological, energies, radiations, vibrations, noises, or
combination of them, whose presence or absence in the environment may

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 constitute a risk to the life or health of the population, defining the
levels that give rise to emergency situations.
Secondary Environmental Quality Standards: They are those that establish
the values of the concentrations and periods, maximums or minimums
permissible substances, elements, energy or combination of them, whose
presence or absence in the environment may pose a risk to the
protection or conservation of the environment, or the preservation of the
nature.

Emission Standard: It is the one that establishes the maximum allowed quantity for

a contaminant measured in the effluent of the emission source.

Technical Environmental Standard: Regulatory instrument that contains a

set of technical conditions that must be met in design,
construction and operation of activities or processes that prevent the
pollution. Technical standards must be formulated or are dictated
by a competent authority.

OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE

From the operational point of view of environmental legislation, it is divided into the
the following categories:

General Environmental Legislation: Establishes the general framework for the

the environmental legislation per se, in Chile is Law No. 19.300 on

General Bases of the Environment, which establishes the institutional framework
environmental of the country; environmental management instruments, (System of

Environmental Impact Assessment, Citizen Participation and the

Procedure for the Dictation of Environmental Standards, etc.), as well as the
framework within which the new legal provisions must be issued
environmental and review the existing ones.
Specific Environmental Legislation: Complementary to Law No.
19.300 exists as specific environmental legislation a wide set of

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 environmentally relevant regulations of a sectoral nature (Ministry of
Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Mining, etc.), applicable to
different environmental elements (air, noise, water, soil, flora, vegetation,
fauna, archaeological, historical and cultural heritage, etc.), which
establish specific requirements or demands, generally oriented towards
preserve or conserve quality aspects of the environmental element and/or
in charge of establishing emission requirements. Additionally to the
sectoral provisions of environmental relevance mentioned above,
There are legal regulations whose specifications determine the condition.
of the design and operation of some engineering works and their activities
annexes (transport, solid waste management, materials handling and
hazardous waste, fuel management, etc.), which aims to
that as a final result of its application, the occurrence of is prevented
environmental damage, in order to ensure an environmentally friendly activity

suitable. Sectoral Environmental Permits: A third aspect related to the

operational environmental legal regulations are constituted by the
requirements of the Sectoral Environmental Permits stipulated in the Title
VII of the SEIA Regulation, which identify the technical aspects-
environmental requirements of the sectoral permits required for the projects of

infrastructure.

Other Environmental Regulations: There are requirements that, although it is true

They are part of the Regulatory Framework applicable to a project, they do not have rank.

legal. These types of requirements constitute voluntary commitments or

obligations assumed by the Ministries and their service companies, the
which mainly derive from environmental policies, good practices
or technical standards, which have been established through manuals,
procedures or instructions originating from the respective Ministry or in
other State institutions or international organizations. Also
technical specifications that are part of this group or
environmental belonging to national or international organizations of

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 financing contained in the contractual commitments linked to
the projects.

Sources of Environmental Legal Information:

Currently, there is a wide diversity of publications in which there

presents, analyzes and details the existing environmental legislation in the country. Among the

more generic references found, the list of standards contained in the

document titled 'Repertoire of Environmental Relevant Legislation'
In force in Chile” (CONAMA 1992, 1993), as a compilation and analysis more
sucinto has been published by CONAMA in 1997 (CONAMA 1997).

On the websites of the institutions listed below, you can find

sources of information on environmental legislation, which are being
regularly updated.

Official Journal of the Republic of Chile

National Congress Library of Chile

National Environmental Commission

SINIA (National System of Environmental Information)

Conceived as a web work tool, it facilitates dissemination and exchange.

of environmental information generated and/or processed in the country. SINIA is the

free access platform to environmental information services of CONAMA.

Its aim is to strengthen citizen access to information and support decision-making.
decisions involving environmental issues, at the national and regional levels. It
previous based on Law 19,300 "Framework Law on Environment," which in its
final title expresses: From the National Environmental Commission, Paragraph 1º,
Nature and Functions; Article 70. "The Commission shall be responsible, in particular,
the following functions”. Letter d: “Maintain a national information system
environmental, broken down regionally, of a public nature" (Official Gazette 09/03/1994).

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 National Council for Clean Production
INDUAMBIENTAL

The environmental training program for professional technical education,

Induambiental contributes to the formation of knowledge and practices about the
sustainability of development and the management of natural resources, prevention of the
pollution and clean production, from the perspective of their characteristics,
impacts and possible solutions. There is a series of information on the sites:

Sustainable Development
Legislation and Environmental Policy in Chile

Water

Air

Energy

Biodiversity

Household Waste

International Trade

Industrial Waste

Clean Production

Industrial Practices

Online Environment

The business network for the environmental sector.

SUMA21(Sustainability and Environment for the 21st Century)

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It is a program from the University of Santiago de Chile that makes available
from the community of Chile and the world a new way to access information
and environmental knowledge. Given its history and development, SUMA21 is established
as a recognized program in Chile for its leadership, extensive experience and
collaboration in the development of educational resources, programs of
professional training and research in applied environmental science. The
Communication with the productive sector is carried out through this website.
that brings together IT, management, and environmental education in one reference
SUMA is a productive unit that develops and conceptualizes
environmental knowledge state of the art, and validates its own methodologies to implement
within reach of academics, students, teachers, educational institutions and
government, companies, and their professionals resources to achieve protection
environmental with sustainability.

1. RAW MATERIALS: Procurement and technical data sheet. Elemental sulfur. In this
part will mention raw materials in general, since
regardless of what they are, they receive the same treatment in
the initial part of the process. Sulfur is the main raw material of
process. It is a chemical element that is yellow in color. Chemical symbol S.
Spent sulfuric acid. This acid is referred to as spent because it has already
underwent a preliminary treatment.
2. RAW MATERIALS: Acquisition and technical data. Sulfur exists in the form
elemental in underground deposits and is extracted through a
special procedure, known as Frasch Process Procedure: It
injects superheated water through the outer tube of a formed probe
through three tubes. Compressed air and the sulfur-water mixture are injected
ascend through the intermediate tube.

3. RAW MATERIALS: Acquisition and technical data. S u l f u r E l e m e n t a l

Perfect Sulfur
32.6 g/mol

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 0.30 %
1960 kg/m3

4. Services: RAW MATERIALS: Procurement and technical data sheet. Water: From

dilution, cooling, washing. For the Boiler: To be free of

solid waste. Demineralized (mineral waste can with the
time to create obstruction in the pipe). In some cases it is used
simply drinking water. Fuel: melting sulfur with a
small amount of ACPM. Air: The air consumed in the furnace where
the sulfur is burning.

5. PROCESS: Transportation and storage. It must be transported in

stainless steel material trucks.

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NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK ON ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS.

The General Health Law establishes in its Seventh Title, 'Promotion of Health'
Chapter IV, 'Effects of the Environment on Health' (Articles 116 and following) that, in
subject of the effects of the environment on the health of the population, corresponds to the

health authorities establish norms, take measures, and carry out activities
tending to protect human health against the risks and damages that may arise
cause the conditions of the environment, as well as determine the values of
maximum permissible concentration for humans of pollutants
atmospheric. Based on the above, the Ministry of Health has issued various
Mexican Official Standards.

MEXICO

NOM-039-
SEMARNAT-1993 Sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid mists in
sulfuric acid production plants.

Sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide mists and acid

NOM-046-
sulfuric in acid production plants
SEMARNAT-1993
dodecylbenzenesulfonic.
Establish a procedure for the determination of the
NMX-AA-069 emission of hydrogen sulfide in the gases flowing through a
duct.

CHILE:

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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content/uploads/2009/08/[Link]

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