Digital Control Systems Guide
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsDigital Control Systems Guide
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsCelaya Institute of Technology
Computer Systems Engineering
Interfaces Partial Guide 1
Answer the following questions correctly.
1. Draw the diagram of a digital control system.
SENSOR CAD Component CDA ACTUATOR
0.005
the complete scale of the CDA?
01100010=98 = 3.92mA
I/ED 3.92/98= 0.04 mA
Full scale output = 255*3.92/98 = 10.2 mA
0.04*255=10.2 mA
3. How many different voltages can a 12-bit ADC produce?
2^12 = 4096
4. What is the advantage of a CDA that has a smaller resolution?
It allows for a more similar output to the analog quantity. The variation in the analog output will be less due to
every change in digital delivery
5. What are actuators used for?
It is any mechanism that allows the effector to execute an action.
6. What is the function of sensors?
Determine an external action (temperature, pressure) and transmit it properly so that it can be analyzed.
and processed.
A 8-bit DAC produces a value of 2.5 volts for an input of 10010011 and for 11100001 it gives an output of 2.3.
volts, which specification does it not comply with?
DOES NOT MEET THE STEP WAVEFORM, BECAUSE:
R = V / ED = 2.5 / 147 = 0.17 v
Therefore, the voltage for 255 (1111 1111) should be:
V=R*ED= 0.17*255= 3.825 v
8. What are the steps in a signal digitization process?
Sampling, quantification and coding
9. Describe offset error and its effect on the output of a CDA.
In an ideal case, the output of a DAC is 0 Volts when the binary input is all zeros, but due to the error of
displacement there was a very small output voltage for this situation.
10. When is a CAD used? Where in the circuit is the approximate digital equivalent of VA when...
complete the conversion?
In the counter
11. Of the CADs seen in class, which is the simplest?
Digital ramp CAD
12. Of the CAD seen in class, which one does not use a CDA?
CAD Flash
13. A 12-bit DAC produces an output voltage of 2.4 volts for an input code of 011101100011. What
será su salida máxima? ¿Cuál es su tamaño de escalón? ¿Cuál es su resolución?
Step size
TE = V/ED = 2.4/1821 = 0.00126 V
Maximum output
NP=2^12-1 = 4095
SM=TE*NP = 0.00126*4095= 5.159 V
Percentage resolution
RP = TE / (TM * 100) = 0.00126 / (5.159 * 100) = 0.0244%
14. If a CDA that can cover 12 volts with a resolution of 20 mV or less is required, how many bits are needed?
require?
Number of bits
ED=V/R= 12/0.02= 600
TO FORM 600 IN BINARY 10 BITS ARE USED
2^10 = 1024
15. From the CADs seen in class, which has the shortest conversion time? Flash
16. Of the CAD seen in class, which has a more complex control logic? Successive Approximations
17. What expression relates the output and input of a CDA? Resolution
18. Define the step size of a DAC.
Variation that occurs in the analog output as a result of a change in the digital input
19. Define full scale.
It is the maximum output voltage or current that a CDA can provide when the state of its counter reaches
its maximum value, that is, all its bits are set to 1
20. (True or false) A 10-bit ADC will have a smaller resolution than a 12-bit ADC for the same one.
full scale output.
FALSE the 12-bit CDA has a greater number of states, therefore the resolution is smaller compared to the 10.
21. (True or false) A 10-bit DAC with a full-scale output of 10 V has a higher percentage resolution.
smaller than a CDA.
FALSE A 10-bit ADC has a larger step size than a 12-bit one, therefore its percentage resolution is greater.
22. An 8-bit DAC produces an output voltage of 2.0 V for an input code of 01100100. What will be the
What is the value of VSAL for an input code of 10110011?
K = V/ED = 2/100 = 0.02 V 10110011=100
Output voltage = 179 10110011 V = k * ED = 0.02 * 179 = 3.58 V
23. Determine the weight of each input bit for the CDA of problem 22.
P=k=0.02 V 0.04 V
24. What is the CDA resolution of problem 22?
Resolution R = step size = K = 0.02 V
Full scale NP=2^8-1= 255
EC=TE*NP= 0.02*255= 5.1 V
Percentage Resolution = RP = TE / (EC * 100) = 0.02 / (5.1 * 100) = 0.392%
25. What is the resolution of a 10-bit CDA whose F.S. output is 5 volts?
R = V / ED = 5 / 2^10 = 5 / 1024 = 0.00488 V = 4.88 mV
Percentage resolution = RP = R / (FS * 100) = 0.00488 / (5 * 100) = 0.0976%
26. An eight-bit digital ramp ADC with a resolution of 40 mV uses a frequency of
2.5 MHz clock and a comparator with VT = 1 mV. Determine:
a) The digital output when VA = 6.00 V
VA + VT = 6.001 V
SD= VAX/R=6.001/0.04= 150.025V=150 (1001 0110)
Time
T=1/F= ½.5 mHz= 0.4 takes time to cover a step
b) The digital output for 6.035
VAX=VA+VT= 6.036v SD=MAX/R= 6.036v/0.04V=150.9= 151 (10010111)
151*0.4= 60.4
T=1/F= 1/ 2.5= 0.4
27. Indicate where each of the following statements refers to the CAD of digital ramp, to the CAD of
successive approximations, or both.
a) Produce a staircase signal at the output of your DAC. DIGITAL RAMP
b) It has a constant conversion time, independent of VA.
c) It has a shorter average conversion time. BOTH
d) Use an analog comparator. BOTH
Use a CDA.
f) Use a counter. DIGITAL RAMP
It has a complex control logic. APPROX SUCCESSIVE
It has an EOC output.
28. For each of the following statements, indicate which type of DAC (digital ramp, SAR or flash) is being described.
a) Fastest method of conversion. FLASH
b) It needs a start pulse. DIGITAL RAMP
c) Requires the largest number of circuits. FLASH
d) Does not use a CDA. FLASH
Generate a staircase signal. RAMPADIGITAL
f) Use an analog comparator. ALL
It has a relatively fixed conversion time, independent of VA.
29. How many comparators does a 12-bit Flash converter require? How many resistors?
Comparators 2^12-1 = 4095
Resistances 2^12=4096
High speed data access
Advantage is very fast
Disadvantage High cost
Correctly match the words on the left with the concepts on the right.
1. CAD Signal to reach a value starting from
another, goes through all the intermediate values between them.
2. CDA (6) Device that converts an electrical signal into
another type of energy.
3. Resolution (17) Signal that to reach a point it can only
take specific values, without going through the entire range of
4. Digitalization
intermediate values.
5. Monotonicity Device that converts a physical variable into
electric.
Transducer Device that converts a digital electrical signal
in a continuous electrical signal.
7. Actuator Electrical signal that faithfully represents a
physical phenomenon.
17. Discrete signal Device that receives digital data, processes it
and delivers a result.
8. Sampling (10) Process that consists of assigning binary values to
the samples taken from a continuous signal.
Discretization It refers to the presence of an output signal in
a CDA when its input is zero.
10. Coding
(8) Process by which only certain values are taken from
11. Computer a continuous signal.
Process by which a continuous electrical signal is
12. Entrance fees convert into a digital electrical signal.
(15) Time required for the output of a CDA
13. Offset error I changed from zero to full scale.
(9) Process in which a continuous electrical signal is
14. Analog signal only integer values are assigned, eliminating the
intermediate values.
15. Stabilization time (3) The smallest change that can occur in the
analog output from a CDA as a result of a
16. Continuous signal
change in the digital entry.
(5) Characteristic that CDA have to increase
its output as the input increases
binary of a value to the next.
(13) Contributions that each entry makes in a CDA
digital according to its position in the binary number.
Device that converts an electrical signal
continues in a digital electrical signal