Unit Step Function in Control Systems
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ScribdTranslationsUnit Step Function in Control Systems
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ScribdTranslationsHIGHER POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF
CHIMBORAZO
SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ELECTRONICS
ESCUE
ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING IN CONTROL AND
INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS
AUTOMATIC CONTROL
Theme:APPLICATION OF THE UNIT STEP
Nombre: Lissette Salinas 767
APPLICATION OF THE UNIT STEP FUNCTION IN
CONTROL SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
The unit step function is a mathematical function that takes the value of one when its
positive argument and zero when its argument is negative. To the unit step function
it is also known as the Heaviside step, it has applications in electronics both for
automatic control, as in signal processing, this function represents a signal
that is activated at a certain time so that it will remain that way indefinitely.
For example, an external force acting on a mechanical system or an electrical tension.
applied to a circuit, it may have to be suspended after a certain time; for the
Non-continuous functions over time use the unit step function.
DEVELOPMENT
The unit step function is applied as an input that represents a change.
instantaneous.
µ ( t=)
{0sit< 0
Rsit ≥ 0
FIG 1. Unit step function
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APPLICATION OF THE UNIT STEP IN AUTOMATIC CONTROL
The unit step is used in automatic control systems for analysis and design.
control systems, based on the comparison of the response behavior and the signal
initial. Many design criteria are based on the signals or responses of the system to changes.
in the initial conditions. The use of test signals is due to the correlation between the
response characteristics of a system and the capacity of the same system to handle the
real input signals, that is, the analysis of the time response of a system of
control. The response time is divided into:
Transitory response: It is the response that represents a control system from its
initial state to its final state.
Steady-state response: It is the way the controlled variable behaves.
when time tends to infinity.
To analyze the response of a control system, inputs to the system are used.
simple test signals like the unit step function.
Unit step response of a first order system. As the transform of
The Laplace transform of the unit step function is 1/s, substituting R(s) = 1/s gives the equation
the fundamental of the first-order system is obtained.
1 1
C ( s )=
Ts+1s
By developing partial fractions, we obtain:
1 1 1 1
C ( s )= − = −
sTs+1s s+ 1/T
Applying the inverse Laplace transform yields
−1
c (t )=1−eT For t ≥ 0
Where c(t) is initially zero and eventually becomes one.
−1
c (t=1−
) and=0.632
That is to say, the system's response has reached 63.2% of its total change. Furthermore, when
the smaller the time constant T, the faster the response of the system
FIG. 2. Block diagram of a first-order system
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In the following figure, the response slope curve is shown, where the slope is
an important characteristic and this is defined by the following expression:
FIG. 3. Exponential response curve
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The slope of the response curve y(t) decreases monotonically from 1/t at zero to
infinite.
CONCLUSIONS
The unit step function or Heaviside function is a mathematical function that takes
zero values for negative arguments and one value for positive arguments;
it has applications in automatic control, whose function represents a signal that is
active for a specified time.
In automatic control, the unit step function is very important for performing analysis.
temporal of first-order systems, that is to say, the responses are compared with that
input signal.
The unit step function allows determining the exponential response curve of
a given system, since t in T the response is 63.2%, so that it allows to solve
first-order system exercises.
REFERENCES
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Test channels in control systems
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Test channels in control systems
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