Vapor Pressure Calculations and Equilibrium
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ScribdTranslationsVapor Pressure Calculations and Equilibrium
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ScribdTranslationsResolved problems:
At 20,320 ft high at the summit of Mount McKinley, pure water
boils at only 75 ºC (note that when this happens, the hot tea will be lukewarm and
weak). What will the atmospheric pressure be? Hvwater= 11.34 kcal/mol).
Solution.
How is a liquid-vapor equilibrium of water, apply the equation
Clausius - Clapeyron
The normal boiling point of water is 100 ºC at 1 atm:
P1= 1 atm; T1= 100 °C = 373 K.
P2= ?; T275 ºC = 348 K.
R = 2 cal/mol K
Clear P2from the Clausius - Clapeyron equation:
ln P2-1.09
P2= 0.33 atm
2. The blade of an ice skate is supported on the edge of a
blade.
a) If the width of the blade edge is 2.54 x10-3long skate rail
in contact with the ice is 7.62 cm, calculate the pressure exerted
about the ice for a man weighing 68 kg.
b) What is the melting point of ice under this pressure?
( Hfuse1.4363 kcal/mol, Tf = 273 K s 0.92 g/cm3y l 1.00 g/cm3).
Solution:
It is a solid-liquid equilibrium, apply the Clapeyron equation:
Area of the blade:(2.54 x10-3(7.62) = 0.0193 cm2.
Pressure exerted by the skater:
P = 3409.8 atm.
Since the densities of the solid and the liquid are provided, they can be
calculate the molar volumes of water (taking a mass equal to its
molecular weight, MW = 18 g/mol.
P1= 1 atm; T10 °C = 273 K
P23409.8 atm;T2= ?.
T2249.5 K
Proposed problems
1. The vapor pressure of bromobenzene is 1 mmHg at 2.9 ºC and at 20
mmHg at 53.8 ºC. Calculate the normal boiling point. What are
they will be the possible reasons for the differences with the value
experimental at 156.2 ºC?
Resp. T = 421 K = 148 ºC.
2. Ice II and III are in equilibrium at -25 ºC and 3260 atm and at -31 ºC and
2540 atm3Calculate
the H for the transition of 1 mol of ice II to ice III.
Resp. Hcf1069.1 cal/mol.
3. Rhombic sulfur (Sr) and monoclinic sulfur (Sm) are in equilibrium at 115
°C and 1 atm, and at 120 °C and 100 atm. The The transition from Sr to Sm is
70 Kcal. Which allotropes have greater density?
Resp. V = 371 cm3it implies that: Vm > Vc, therefore: r >
4. Iodine boils at 183 ºC at 760 mmHg. The vapor pressure at 116 ºC is
of 100 mmHg. The heat of fusion is 3740 cal/mol and the pressure of
The vapor of the solid is 1 mmHg at 38.7 ºC. Calculate the temperature and the
triple point pressure.
Resp. T3= 384.8 K; P3= 84.77 mmHg.
5. Water and chloroform have a normal boiling point of
100 and 60 ºC, respectively and a The evaporation of 12 and 7
kcal/mol. Calculate the temperature at which both have the same
vapor pressure.
Resp. T = 447.23 K.
6. Naphthalene (C10H8melts at 80 ºC. If the vapor pressure of its liquid
It is from 10 mmHg at 85.8 ºC and 40 mmHg at 119 ºC, and that of the solid is 1
mmHg at 52.6 ºC. Calculate:
the Hv of the liquid, the normal boiling point and See at the point of
boiling.
b) The vapor pressure at the melting point, assuming that the
the melting temperature and the triple point are the same.
c) Calculate the Gs of the solid and the Hf.
What temperature should there be if the vapor pressure of the solid is
under 10-5mmHg?
Resp. a) 11745.9 cal/mol3= 7.64 mmHg; c) Hs = 17059.3
cal/mol Hf= 5313.4 cal/mol; d) T < 226.2 K.
The heat of vaporization and fusion of water are: 10710 cal/mol and
1434.6 cal/mol at 0 ºC, respectively. The vapor pressure of water at
0 ºC is 4.58 mmHg. Calculate the sublimation pressure of ice at -
15 ºC, assuming that the changes in enthalpy are independent of
the temperature in this interval.
Resp. P = 1.26 mmHg.
8. The following data show the variation of water pressure in
temperature function:
17.54 31.82 55.32 92.51 149.38 233.7 355.21
T (ºC) 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Determine the heat of vaporization of water Hv) and calculate what
the boiling temperature of water in Mexico City, where the pressure is
of 585 mmHg.
Resp. 10372.3 cal/mol
9. Propene has the following vapor pressures (in mmHg):
T (K) 150 200 250 300
P (mmHg) 3.82 198 2074 10040
From these data, calculate the heat of vaporization and the pressure of
vapor at a temperature of 225 K.
Resp. 4639.8 cal/mol
10. For uranium hexafluoride, the vapor pressures (in mmHg) of the
solid and liquid are given by:
log Ps= 10.648 - 2559.5/T
log Pl= 7.540 - 1511.3/T
Calculate the temperature and pressure of the triple point.
Resp. T3= 337.25 K; P3= 1145 mmHg.
[Link] hexane has a normal boiling point of 69.0ºC.
Assuming that Trouton's rule is obeyed, calculate the pressure of
vapor of n-hexane at 25ºC.
Resp. P = 0.212 atm.
ANOTHERON
Calculate the vapor pressure at 20 ºC of a solution that contains 150 grams
of glucose dissolved in 140 grams of ethyl alcohol. Vapor pressure of
Ethanol at 20 ºC is 43 mm Hg.
Solution:
Glucose is and its molecular weight is 180 g/mol. Ethyl alcohol
es and its molecular mass is 46 g/mol. With this data, we will calculate the
moles of each substance and we will have the molar fraction of alcohol in the mixture.
The molar fraction of alcohol is:
Now we calculate the vapor pressure from the expression of Raoult's law:
Send comment
Raoult's Law and vapor pressure 0001
Ade- on November 24, 2013
thank you, very well explained.
ANOTHER ONE
Vapor pressure - exercise!!!!?
This exercise is driving me crazy.
A 25% w/w solution of a solute with a molar mass of 111 g/mol, whose density is 1.05 g/ml is available.
What has an osmotic pressure of 170 atm at 25ºC? What will be the vapor pressure of the solution at?
the same temperature knowing that the vapor pressure of water at 25º C is 23.78 mm hg?
thank you...
Best answer
andyce71 responded 6 years ago
the ec is
X2 = Pvap1 - Pvap2 / Pvap1
where
X2 is the mole fraction of the solute
Pvap1 is the vapor pressure of pure water at 25C
Pvap2 is the vapor pressure of water with the solute.
we found X2 first
If we had 1 liter of solution, then we have 25 mg of solute, the moles of solute are
n = 0.025g/111g = 2.25x10^-4 mol
the moles of water are
1000g - 0.025g = 999.975 g of H2O
the moles of water are
n = 999.975g/18g/mol = 55.5541 mol
the sum of moles is
55.5541 mol + 2.25x10^-4 mol = 55.5544 mol
so
X2 = 2.25x10^-4mol/55.5544 mol = 4.05 x 10^-6
from the ec of X2 we solve for Pvap2
X2Pvap1 = Pvap1 - Pvap2
Pvap2 = Pvap1 - X2Pvap1
Pvap2 = Pvap1 (1-X2)
substituting data
Pvap2 = 23.78mmHg (1 - 4.05 x 10^-6) = 23.78mmHg(0.999999595) = 23.779 mmHg or almost the
same vapor pressure..