DESIGN VEHICLES

Eduardo, Rodríguez Carrera

Carrera_45@[Link]
Jhulver, Robles Gómez
Jhulverrg_26@[Link]
Cecilia Verónica, Mato Gargate
mgcv_9331@[Link]

Faculty of Civil Engineering

Alas Peruanas University

SUMMARY: For road design, it is necessary to have The width of the adopted vehicle affects
taking into account certain essential criteria such as traffic the widths of the track, roadway, shoulders and
and the proportion of vehicles of different sizes that oversize of the cross section, the
they circulate on the roads, as well as the minimum turning radius, intersections and
selection of these vehicles with representative weight, gullet.
dimensions and characteristics; without forgetting to continue The distance between the axes influences the
the regulations cited in the National Regulation of width and the minimum inner radii and
externals of the lanes.
Vehicles. Based on everything mentioned, we can
The total gross weight/power ratio,
develop a road project. is related to the value of the
admissible pendants.
INTRODUCTION:
CLASSIFICATION:
A vehicle is a means of locomotion that
allows the transfer from one place to another. The classification of vehicle type according to
origin and destination survey, used by SNIP
Since almost all the roads host (National System of Public Investment) for the
private cars, like transit of vehicular operating cost (VOC), we have:
trucks, it is essential that the design criteria
consider the characteristics to be followed by a A. Passenger vehicle
road or traffic engineer, both for Jeep (VL)
the design of the road and control systems Car (VL)
of transit, that allow for safe and uninterrupted operation
Bus (B2, B3, B4 and BA)
setback of a moving vehicle, Truck C2
especially during the basic maneuvers of B. Cargo vehicle
step, total high and turn around.
Pick-up (equivalent to Trailer)
Simple T2S1
The characteristics of a vehicle and the good
Truck C2
the operation of the road will lead to a
good transit. Truck C3 and C2CR
T3S2
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Taking into account the National Regulation of
When selecting the design vehicle, one must take Vehicles, we also find:
consider the composition of the traffic that uses or
will use the route. Normally, the characteristics Light vehicles:
of the indicated type vehicles, they define the Light vehicles are considered to be those that
different aspects of sizing categories
geometric and structural of a road. Thus, by L (motor vehicles with less than
example: four wheels.
M1 (motor vehicles with four wheels
wheels designed for transportation of

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 passengers with eight seats or fewer, heavy vehicles in parking areas,
not counting the driver's seat. viewpoints or rest areas. It is required
define various heights associated with the vehicles
For reference, the dimensions are cited. light, that cover the most favorable situations
representative of vehicles of origin regarding visibility:
North American
2.10 m h: height of the front headlights: 0.60 m.
5.80 m h3:eye height of a driver
The light vehicle is the one with the highest speed. truck o bus, necessary for the
develops and the pilot's eye height is lower, visibility verification on curves
therefore, these characteristics will define the concave verticals under structures:
visibility distances for overtaking, stopping, 2.50 m.
safety zone in relation to visibility in h4: height of the tail lights of a
road crossings, minimum height of safety barriers automobile or lower perceptible height of
and anti-glare, minimum dimensions of bodywork: 0.45 m.
squares from parking en zones of h6: height of the heavy vehicle ceiling:
parking lots, viewpoints or rest areas. 4.10 m
Therefore, it is required to define various heights,
associated with light vehicles, that cover the
more favorable situations regarding visibility:

h: height of the front headlights: 0.60 m.

Driver's eye height: 1.07
m.
h2: height of a fixed obstacle in the
Minimum turnaround for vehicles type:
road: 0.15 m.
h4: height of the rear lights of a
automobile or lower perceivable height of The absolute minimum space to execute a turn
bodywork: 0.45 m. 180º in the direction of the movement of the hands
h5: height of a car roof: 1.30 of the clock, is defined by the trajectory that
m continue:

The front left wheel of the vehicle

(external trajectory.); this trajectory
is determined by the radius of gyration
minimum of the vehicle (characteristic
of manufacturing), furthermore must
consider the required free space
Heavy vehicles: through the cantilever section that exists between
the first axle and the bumper, or
They will be considered as heavy vehicles, most outstanding element.
the categories: b) The right rear wheel of the vehicle
(interior trajectory), this trajectory
M (four motor vehicles it depends on the external trajectory, of the
wheels designed for transportation of width of the vehicle, from the distance between
passengers, except for the M1). the first and last axis and of the circumstance
N (motor vehicles with four that these axles belong to a truck
wheels or more, designed and built of the type rigid unit or semitrailer
articulated.
for the transportation of goods).
O (trailers and semi-trailers). In this way, trucks and buses in general,
S (special combinations of M, N) will require dimensions geometric more
y O).
more generous than in the case of light vehicles.
The heavy vehicle has the characteristics of This is because, for the most part, the first
section and height to determine the section of the they are wider, they have greater wheelbase distances
rails and their load-bearing capacity, radii and longer and larger minimum turning radius, which are the
shoulders on horizontal curves, clearance heights main dimensions of the vehicles that
minimum permissible, need for lanes they affect the horizontal alignment and the section
additional, longitudes of incorporation transversal of the road.
longitudes and parking ratios for

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 Next, we will present the tables of the Four-axle bus (B4-1)
external radios, minimum radios and angles of
trajectory, as well as the basic data of the R max. R min.
Angle
vehicles used in the sizing of Angle Exterior Interior
maximum
roads, especially the most traveled by vehicle trajectory wheel
address
our roads, in the same way will be exposed (E) (J)
some images as examples for the paintings 30º 15.06 m 10.83 m 19.3º
previously described. 60° 15.45 m 9.63 m 27.7º
90º 15.61 m 9.12 m 31.4º
120º 15.68 m 8.89 m 33.0º
Light vehicle (LV)
150º 15.70 m 8.79 m 33.8º
180º 15.72 m 8.74 m 34.1º

Angle Rmax Rmín Ramin Angle

ext. trajectory Int. Maximum interior
vehicle vehicle Wheel direction
o (E) o (I) (J) n
30º 7.76 m 5.14 m 5.28 m 17.8º
60º 7.84 m 4.73 m 4.88 m 24.2º
90° 7.87 m 4.59 m 4.74 m 26.4º
120º 7.88 m 4.54 m 4.69 m 27.3º
150º 7.88 m 4.52 m 4.67 m 27.6º
180º 7.88 m 4.51 m 4.66 m 27.7º

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 Simple semi-trailer (T2S1)

Angle R max. R min. Angle Maximum angle

trajectory Exterior interior maximum joint
Vehicle (E) Vehicle (I) address
30 degrees 14.08 m 8.73 m 17.6º 15.1º
60º 14.20 m 6.89 m 23.2º 29.23º
90º 14.24 m 5.41 m 25.0º 41.1º
120º 14.26 m 4.19 m 25.7º 50.8º
150º 14.26 m 3.14 m 25.9º 58.5º
180º 14.27 m 2.22 m 25.9º 65.4º

Basic data of M-type vehicles used for road sizing

According to the National Vehicle Regulations (D.S. N° 058-2003-MTC or the one in force)
Radio min.
Height Flight Separation Flight
Vehicle type wheel
Total total lateral axes total forward axes back
exterior
Light vehicle
1.30 2.10 0.15 1.80 15.80 0.90 3.40 1.50 5:30 PM
(VL)
Two bus
4.10 2.60 0.00 2.60 13.20 2.30 8.25 2.65 12.80
axes (B2)
Three bus
4,10 2.60 0.00 2.60 14.00 2.40 7.55 4.05 13.70
axes (B3-1)
Four bus
4,10 2.60 0.00 2.60 15.00 3.20 7.75 4.05 13.70
axes (B4-1)
Bus 6.70 / 1.90
4,10 2.60 0.00 2.60 18.30 2.60 3.10 12.80
articulated (BA-1) /4.00
Semi-trailer
4.10 2.60 0.00 2.60 20.50 1.20 6.00 / 12.50 0.80 13.70
simple (T2S1)
Single trailer 10.30 / 0.80 /
4.10 2.60 0.00 2.60 23.00 1.20 0.80 12.80
(C2R1) 2.15 / 7.75
Semi-trailer 5.40 / 6.80
4,10 2.60 0.00 2.60 23.00 1.20 1.40 13.70
double (T3S2S2) /1.40 / 6.80
Semi-trailer 5.45 / 5.70
trailer 4.10 2.60 0.00 2.60 23.00 1.20 /1.40 / 2.15 / 1.40 13.70
(T3S2S1S2) 5.70
Semitrailer
4.10 2.60 0.00 2.60 20.50 1.20 5.40 / 11.90 2.00 1
simple

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