Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Ministry of Popular Power for University Education

Rómulo Gallegos University
Subject: Health Education
XVIII

Visual Media

Professor
MSc: Delgado Edy Members:
Amaro Raquel ID: 17.390.583
Ysamar Báez
Briceño Génesis ID:21.343.457
Valero Edwin ID: 17.554.032
Zabala Jose

Caracas, March 29, 2021

INDEX
INTRODUCTION
VISUAL MEDIA.................................................................3
TRANSPARENCIES....................................................................................................................3
SLIDES...........................................................................................................................4
FLIPCHART..............................................................................................................................4
WALL NEWSPAPER..................................................................................................................5
FRANELOGRAMS OR THE BLACKBOARD.........................................................5
TRANSPARENCY PREPARATION STANDARDS....................................................................6
GUIDELINES FOR CREATING A FLIP CHART.....................................................7
GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF A FRANELOGRAPH
GUIDELINES FOR CREATING A WALL NEWSPAPER..........................................................9
GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF VISUAL MEDIA...........................................................9
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OPERATING THE PROJECTOR..........................................................10
CHARACTERISTICS OF TEACHING SUPPORT RESOURCES (VISUAL):.............................11
CONCLUSION.........................................................14
ANNEXES.........................................................................15
BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................17
 INTRODUCTION

Audiovisual media are a set of visual and auditory techniques that

they support teaching, facilitating greater and faster understanding and
interpretation of ideas. The efficiency of audiovisual media in teaching
is based on perception through the senses. Audiovisual media,
depending on how they are used, they can be considered as direct supports of
projection. Likewise, direct audiovisual media includes all media
that can be used in demonstrations directly, and they include among others: the
slides, transparency, flip chart, marker board, and bulletin board.

It can be established that these visual means allow for the development of
knowledge in nursing professionals, also that education must
incorporate into their teaching practices all innovative activities,
technological tools and various resources that allow you to strengthen the process of
teaching-learning inside and outside the classroom.

It is important to mention that the use of audiovisual resources has been

widely used in areas such as visual arts, media, and sciences of the
communication, however, in the areas of health has become particularly relevant in
the last decade, due to the incorporation of various teaching strategies, in
which aims to enhance the realism of the situations that students
they will face in their work environment, aspects that can be represented with greater
detail in class through audiovisual material. The use of these media is surprising
continuously with increasingly complex innovations that enable new
perspectives as a means of audiovisual expression. From a didactic point of view
their first steps inside the classroom are visualized and then it begins to
explore and experiment with its multiple application possibilities in the environment
educational.

These systems promise an important educational role in the teaching of the future.
from nursing to transmitting information through various channels and being able to use it for

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individual and interactive mode, with learning occurring according to the ability and the
individual interest. The transmission of message is bidirectional, the user responds to
the issues raised are evaluated; even some of the systems allow
modifications of the text, of the images.

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VISUAL MEDIA:

Visual media are those that are related to the image.

Visual communication is that which is produced through visual messages. A
visual media uses an iconic language, different from the verbal, obeys the laws of the
perception and communication.

For the adequate perception in communication through images and the

understanding by the receiver of the transmitted data involves a series of
catalogable factors in two groups:

exogenous factors: Influence of the cultural environment and education.

Endogenous factors: Related to the intellectual maturation of the subject.

Entre ellos encontramos:Señales de tránsito, Semáforo, Folletos comerciales,

Schemes, Mind maps, Paintings, Sculptures, Magazines.

TRANSPARENCIES:

The transparencies are printed or photocopied graphs, photographs, and diagrams.

about some transparent acetate sheets, usually in DIN A4 size, but
also in the format of continuous rolls, which can be projected onto a screen
through the overhead projector or transparency projector. The thickness and roughness of
The acetate paper varies according to the printing system that will be used:
manually using special non-slip ink markers (which can be
delete with a solvent) or adhesive letters, with the photocopier or with the printer.

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Slides:

The computerized slides are computer documents that can include

texts, diagrams, graphs, photographs, sounds, animations, video clips, and
they can be seen one by one on the computer screen as if from a
slide projection will be addressed. If a video projector is available,
they can be projected onto a screen. To create computerized transparencies there are
to use a computer presentation program, for example, PowerPoint.
This program facilitates the editing of special documents that can include
texts, diagrams, graphs, photographs, sounds, animations, and video clips.
The texts can be edited directly with the presentation program and the
audiovisual elements can be obtained by directly scanning photographs,
recording sounds with the computer's microphone or simply copying them from
a CD-ROM or USB flash drive.

Easel

A flip chart or paper pad is a tool used for presenting ideas.

in the form of exhibitions. It consists of an easel, on which sheets are mounted
printed paper or lists for writing and/or drawing, held to the easel with rings,
laces, ribbons, tacks or in the case of Dahle flip charts with adjustable pivots.
The flip charts are being flipped through while a topic is being presented.

The sheets form a coordinated and sequential series of sheets, graphs or

text, that are articulated on a top margin and are easily exposed one at a time
It is a very interesting resource to use in presentations, with explanations.
dialogues or observations, as well as for the presentation of the result of the
teamwork investigations or simply to conduct a brainstorming session
thematic ideas that help in the planning of a process or project.

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 It is a device that facilitates interaction and debate and was designed as a
communication tool to be used during work.

MURAL NEWSPAPER:

The mural newspaper is a visual and local means of communication that we can
preferably place in a visible and busy location. Outdoors or inside a
local. As its name indicates, newspaper, it has regularity, one week, two
weeks or once a month. It can be said that the bulletin board is generally
composed of the following parts: title, publisher, and news (in some cases it
it adds sections of interest for the public). It is the name that the newspaper carries.
mural, is usually related to the central theme of it.

FRANELOGRAMS OR THE BLACKBOARD:

They correspond to pieces of cardboard, cardstock, or felt, with signs, numbers,

pictures or photographs that adhere to the back of the flannel graph. In addition, it allows
the teacher and the student presenting elements, placing them in such a way that
structure a message or represent certain relationships. The elements can
put on and take off quickly with a light pressure. The objectives that are
They are presented on the flannel board and prepared in advance.

Objectives that are achieved with its use:

Observation
Reflection
Understanding
Memorization
Expression

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TRANSPARENCY DRAFTING STANDARDS:

Although it is easy to transfer photographs and drawings to a transparency using a

photocopy (in black and white or color) or from a computer equipped with a printer
inkjet or laser printing, transparencies are mainly used for presentation
diagrams, summaries, and key ideas about a topic. They are made using paper
made of acetate, generally in DINA4 size (although rolls also exist
continuous). Some transparencies have a label that covers their end
bottom; this tab is used for making annotations and as a point of attachment
the leaf.

In the design and preparation of these materials, it is advisable to consider the following
aspects:

Each slide should present a single idea, in six lines and of six.
words each one. The sentences should be simple, concise, and expressive.

The message must have a clear intention and be well-structured.

Excess information becomes inappropriate; with the transparencies, it

they will highlight the most important aspects of the exhibition.

The letters must be clear, large, and well legible. It is necessary to ensure that
The students seated in the last row of the classroom will also be able to read the texts.

Transparencies can also be made using the computer, so that

an image is captured with a scanner or its content is edited with a processor of
texts and then printing it with a laser or inkjet printer in
special acetate sheets.

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GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING A FLIP CHART:

Although white sheets are frequently chosen, they also

light blue or yellow ones can be used. The latter stand out very much.
Well, the ink of the dark blue, red, and dark green marker.

Margin: It is advisable to leave a margin or dead zone on all edges of the

leaf, which will be greater in the part of the information when turning the pages.

The text to include should be brief and simple, presenting only the ideas.
relevant. It should not exceed eight (08) lines per slide.

Font type: It should be done with clear and simple strokes. The use of is recommended.
printed or italic letters with rounded features, as they are easy-to-read letters that
they require less time to read them. Once a typeface is selected, avoid
mix it with another one.

Font size: It should be proportional to the size of the audience. It is recommended

letters approximately 3 centimeters high by 2 wide, for groups
small.

Presentation: It is advised to avoid hyphenating words at the end of each line and the use of
abbreviations.

Markers: Thick-tipped water-based markers can be used,

permanent), or indelible ink.

Color Legibility: In the preparation of the flip chart sheets, it is also

must pay attention to color combinations, both among those used for
present information as in the contrast effect produced by the colors on
the base sheet.

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GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF A FRANELOGRAPH

When creating a flannel board, it is recommended to have two views with flannel.
light colored on one side and dark colored on the other. If the shapes that are going to
use are clear, the dark side is used and if, on the contrary, they are colored
dark ones, the light-colored side is taken as the base. The use of is not recommended
white flannel because it gets dirty very quickly with the handling of the material that is
adhere to the franelographer.

In its construction, the following steps are carried out:

Cold glue is applied to the surface of the wood or cardboard.

The flannel is spread out carefully so that it doesn't get wrinkled and is flattened.

very gently.

The excess flannel is trimmed almost without leaving space to the edge of the wood.

The adhesive tape is placed along the entire edge to cover both sides and
of firmness and presentation to the flannel graph.

Let it dry.

For the preparation of the flannel graphs or figures, the content will be taken into account.
that is desired to be developed; in this sense, the images and titles or others are cropped
implements, according to the creativity of the teacher and the students.

GUIDELINES FOR CREATING A MURAL NEWSPAPER:

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 Select and delimit the topic.

Collect and classify the information.

Design a draft of the mural newspaper.

Determine the materials to be used.

Make a selection of images and graphics (they must be in accordance with the size
from the wall newspaper).

Choose the font size and type to use in titles, subtitles and
content of the mural newspaper (aesthetic and readability must be maintained)

Choose the colors to be used in the newspaper.

Create a draft with the news and present it to the teacher or the person in charge.
from the preparation and editing of the newspaper, with the aim of presenting it without
errors.

Assign a role to each person involved in the preparation of the newspaper

(divide the tasks).

RULES FOR HANDLING VISUAL MEDIA:

Audiovisual media are recognized as those media of

social communication that is directly related to the image such as the
photography and audio. They refer to teaching media that use images and recordings
they serve to communicate specific messages.

We must handle the technological instruments that present the information.

using acoustic systems, optical systems, or a combination of both and that, by

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 they can serve as a complement to the media
classics of teaching

The teacher must have a specialization for management and use.

adequate use of these means and integrate them at a certain moment in the
development of the teaching-learning session.

We must emphasize the benefits that can be obtained with the methods
audiovisuals such as:

It favors the observation of reality.

Facilitates understanding and analysis.
Provide an element that motivates and attracts students.
Introduce multiple languages and literacies.
Improve the effectiveness of teaching activities.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROJECTOR HANDLING:

Video projectors are used to project and view images or videos on a

much larger than a television screen. They can be used for both
entertainment (home theater, video games), both professionally for
expose and make presentations.

The appropriate material should be used for projector use such as a screen.
transparency; Like a photographic slide for projectors of
slides.

We must verify that the Control Panel is operational to enable the

manipulation of the projector functions, such as, for example, brightness,
sharpness, and its position.

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 We must verify that the material to be used contains the color and size.
suitable to be viewed by the audience.

When turning off the video projector, do not forget to press twice first.
the 'power' button, and do not attempt to turn on the device if it is very
Hot. This deteriorates the life and illumination of the lamp.

Try not to leave the same image active for more than four hours, since it
Repetitive action can decrease the lifespan of the optical part.
If you need to do this, don't forget to refresh the image by clicking
randomly the protector of screen del computer

The video projector has a ventilation protection, if the equipment is turned off.
suddenly, after a presentation it is unlikely that I will return to
to function while it is hot. The team's reaction may not be
turn on the soil ventilation.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DIDACTIC SUPPORT RESOURCES

(VISUALS):

Teaching resources are mediators for development and enrichment of

teaching-learning process, which qualifies its dynamics from the dimensions
formative, individual, preventive, corrective and compensatory, which express
concrete communicative interactions for the design and diversification of action
of the teacher and their operational orientation towards addressing the diversity of students
what they learn, what enhances the adequacy of the educational response to the situation of
learning, in order to elevate the quality and efficiency of pedagogical actions.
The sui generis relationship between teaching resources and the teaching process.
learning as an object, expresses concrete interactions for design,
diversification and operational orientation through the use of teaching resources.

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 In the interaction between the teacher and the students, the teaching strategies are
considered facilitators of communication and mediators, both to motivate the
student in order to favor a meaningful learning of the contents that are
they put at your disposal.

After identification, by conceptually delineating the essence of the

didactic resources and to delve into the characteristics that are inherent to them, one
they are classified into four major areas of theoretical, methodological, and operational support,

interactive support, the communicative intention, its source of obtaining and its use in the
teaching-learning process, which in turn includes various subgroups; these
areas of sustenance do not exclude each other.

According to the interactive support, from the foundation of the mediation relationships:

Personal didactic resources: Includes the entire system of educational influences

of the environment where the teaching - learning process takes place.

Teaching materials: They are the manual or industrial supports that in

Dependence on its interaction platform can be printed, audiovisual and
computer scientists.

Printed materials: formal or alternative texts, printed press, posters,

documents, magazines.

Audiovisual materials: Edits, documentaries, television programs, music,

cartoons, movies

Computer materials: video games, multimedia, PowerPoint presentations,

digital manuals, encyclopedias.

According to the communicative intent, to relate the way the student

acts with the mediator during the teaching-learning process.

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 Interactive educational resources, where a relationship is established
communicative with different codes.

Informative educational resources are those that are presented to the student with
preset messages.
Organizational teaching resources are resources generally developed by
some of the interactants or of the group and in its essence is the gradation and
individualization of activities.

According to its source of acquisition, this classification criterion estimates the origin.
of the resource:

Conventional teaching resources.

Unconventional teaching resources.

According to its use in the teaching-learning process, this criterion establishes the
function to be performed by teaching resources as complements to the
components of the teaching-learning process, of one or more, in
dependence on the characteristics of the interactants, they can be classified into
resources for programming, activation, orientation, linking, for the
guidance, reflection, and evaluation.

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 CONCLUSION

It can be established that audiovisual media are the means of

social communication that is directly related to the image like the
photography and audio. Audiovisual media specifically refers to media
didactic materials that, with images and recordings, serve to communicate messages
especially specific. Audiovisual media are a set of techniques
visual and auditory resources that support teaching, facilitating greater and faster
comprehension and interpretation of ideas. The efficiency of audiovisual media
teaching is based on perception through the senses. The means
Audiovisuals, according to the way they are used, can be considered as
direct projection supports.

For nursing professionals, these communication tools facilitate a

better transmission of our knowledge and a faster understanding of the
the same. There have been many changes over the years, but
we consider that they have been very useful for a better development of the new ones
generations. With the growth of new technological advancements and in relation
with audiovisual media we see the great usefulness that these media have such as the
to promote knowledge through our senses and especially through sight and the
hearing since these are the senses that play a very important role in the
learning.

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 ANNEXES

15
16
17
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Carrera, L (2007). Presentations: defenses and oral speech. Caracas: Panapo.

[Link]

Larmusch, S. (n.d.). Presentations and transparencies. Screen presentations.

Available: [Link]
[Link]. (Consultation: 03/20/2021).

Marqués Graells, P (2010, August 3). The transparencies. Audiovisual media

sound and projectable still images. (Online).

Fanlogram (February 7, 2012). Wikipedia. The free encyclopedia (Online). Available:

[Link] (Consulted: 16/11/12)

Hill, A. (2017. Jun, 22). Franelógrafo. (Online). Available:

[Link]

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Velásquez, J. (2010. November 18). What is a franelógrafo. (Online document).
Available: Unable to access external links or documents. (Consultation:
26/03/2021.

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